Knjige / Books by Nedzad Smailagic
Responsibility for negation of international crimes, 2020
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Odpowiedzialność za negowanie zbrodni międzynarodowych,, 2020
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Članci / Articles by Nedzad Smailagic
Pravna misao, 2024
U radu se analizira uređenje i struktura prekršajnopravnog sistema Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) kroz... more U radu se analizira uređenje i struktura prekršajnopravnog sistema Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) kroz prizmu prekršajnog zakonodavstva kao pravnog okvira kojim se uređuju pitanja općeg dijela prekršajnog prava, prekršajnog postupka i prekršajnih odjeljenja u sudovima. Takva sistematizacija omogućila je posmatranje ovog sistema kao jedne složene strukture kojim se otvara čitav niz kriminalnopolitičkih i kaznenopravnih pitanja. Uočene sistemske karakteristike i to fragmentiranost i neujednačenost pravnog okvira, kao i recentna praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (ESLJP ili Sud) u odnosu na BiH uvjetovali su da se također analiziraju i procesne implikacije koje nužno proizilaze iz klasifikacije i razgraničenja kažnjivih djela. To se prije svega odnosi na zabranu dvostrukog suđenja i kažnjavanja za isto djelo koje je propisano čl. 4. Dopunskog protokola br. 7 (DP7) uz Evropsku konvenciju o ljudskim pravima (EKLJP) u situacijama kada su istom radnjom ostvarena obilježja krivičnog djela i prekršaja. U predmetu Muslija protiv BiH, ESLJP utvrdio je povredu ovog prava zbog sukcesivnog vođenja krivičnog postupka koji se temeljio na istim činjenicama kao prethodno provedeni prekršajni postupak. U prvom dijelu se sistematizira noviji razvoj prekršajnog prava u BiH, dok se u drugom dijelu analiziraju razlike u prekršajnom zakonodavstvu. Poređenje četiri međusobno različita zakona o prekršajima ukazale su se bitne razlike koje se odnose na pojam prekršaja, katalog prekršajnih sankcija i katalog prekršaja. Težište posljednjeg dijela je na analizi pravila ne bis in idem u kontekstu prakse ESLJP, Ustavnog suda BiH (US BiH) i redovnih sudova kada se istom radnjom ostvaruju obilježja krivičnog djela i prekršaja.
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U ovom radu autor je svoju pažnju usmjerio na koncept restorativne pravde kao mogući odgovor druš... more U ovom radu autor je svoju pažnju usmjerio na koncept restorativne pravde kao mogući odgovor društva (odnosno države) u borbi protiv kriminaliteta. Zasnivajući se na kritici klasičnog krivičnopravnog sistema zasnovanog na retribuciji, ovaj koncept – prvenstveno utemeljen na načelu ispravljanja negativnih implikacija koje nastaju izvršenjem krivičnog djela – doživio je svoju potpunu afirmaciju posljednjih četrdesetak godina. Autor polazi od osnovne postavke da restorativni koncept borbe protiv kriminaliteta ne isključuje retributivni koncept i obratno. Analiziran je pojam restorativne pravde i definirani su osnovni pojmovi. Restorativnu pravdu promatra u dvije dimenzije, i to kao (i) alternativa tradicionalnom krivičnopravnom sistemu zasnovanom na retribuciji i (ii) kao proces, ishod ili skup načela. Dat je presjek historijskog razvoja ovog koncepta kroz ideje začetnika ovog koncepta u modernom smi slu riječi - Alberta Eglasha i Nilsa Christia. Prezentirana su načela, ciljevi i mjesto restorativne pravde u savremenom konceptu borbe protiv kriminaliteta. Zasebno su analizirana načela personalizma, popravljanja štete nastale izvršenjem krivičnog djela, učešća i reintegracije, kao osnovna načela restorativne pravde. Autor razmatra modele koegzistencije restorativne pravde sa tradicionalnim retributivniom modelom. Zatim se uspoređuju retributivni i restorativni pristup i izvode glavne značajke koncepta restorativne pravde. U petom dijelu autor skicira kritike naspram restorativne pravde u pogledu procesnih prava optuženog te međunarodnopravne standarde.
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Godišnjak Pravnog fakulteta u Sarajevu, 2016
U radu se razmatra načelo zakonitosti kao jedno od temeljnih načela (međunarodnog) krivičnog prav... more U radu se razmatra načelo zakonitosti kao jedno od temeljnih načela (međunarodnog) krivičnog prava. Rasprave o njegovom opsegu i dometu obilježile su razvoj međunarodnog krivičnog prava od Drugog svjetskog rata do danas, smještajući rasprave o načelu zakonitosti između koncepta striktne zakonitosti prihvaćene u evropskoj kontinentalnoj pravnoj tradiciji i elastičnijem shvatanju karakterističnom za angloameričku pravnu tradiciju. Nakon razmatranja kako je načelo zakonitosti koncipirano u dvjema tradicijama, autori pružaju historijski pogled na postupke vođene poslije Drugog svjetskog rata zaključujući da je ograničeno prihvatanje ovog načela u presudama nirnberškog i tokijskog suda, koje je koncepcijski blisko angloameričkom shvatanju, predstavljalo temelj za njegovo definiranje u međunarodnom pravu, posebno u okviru dokumenata o ljudskim pravima i Ženevskim konvencijama. Time je postavljen okvir ovog načela koji uvažava različite pravne tradicije i nacionalna zakonodavstva, ali je istovremeno postavljen temelj savremenom međunarodnom krivičnom pravu. Činjenica da statutima MKSJ i MKSR nisu definirani mnogi instituti općeg dijela, pa time ni načelo zakonitosti, ostavila je širok prostor sudovima za koncipiranje stava o opsegu ovog načela, pri čemu je primjetna tendencija u sudskoj praksi u prihvatanju jedino običajnog prava kao izvora međunarodnog krivičnog prava, čime je konvencijsko pravo stavljeno u drugi plan rezultirajući, između ostalog, naglašenim sudskim aktivizmom, što ukazuje na fleksibilno poimanje načela zakonitosti. U Rimskom statutu, osim preciznije opisanih krivičnih djela, predviđene su i posebne odredbe posvećene načelu zakonitosti, što predstavlja značajan odmak i daje osnova za zaključak da je to načelo implementirano na znatno višem nivou u odnosu na ad hoc sudove te da se time bliži kontinentalnom shvatanju načela zakonitosti. Međutim, autori su mišljenja da potpuna njegova primjena, onako kako je shvaćeno u kontinentalnoj pravoj tradiciji, nije moguća zbog pluraliteta izvora međunarodnog (krivičnog) prava.
Ključne riječi: međunarodno pravo, zakonitost, načelo zakonitosti, kontinentalni koncept, angloamerički koncept
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Poglavlja u knjigama / Book Chapters by Nedzad Smailagic
GRAĐANI УСТАВ EUROPA: Rječnik osnovnih ustavnih појмова у БиХ, 2023
Erratum: na prvoj stranici, u prvom redu, umjesto 2006 treba da stoji 1995. Natuknica o individua... more Erratum: na prvoj stranici, u prvom redu, umjesto 2006 treba da stoji 1995. Natuknica o individualnim predstavkama pred Ustavnim sudom BiH.
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CITIZENS, CONSTITUTION, EUROPE: Glossary of essential constitutional concepts in BiH, 2023
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P. Grzebyk (red.), Zbrodnie międzynarodowe w prawie krajowym wybranych państw, 2022
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International Crimes in National Regulations of Selected States, 2022
Multiple criminal codes are applicable in national prosecutions of international crimes in Bosnia... more Multiple criminal codes are applicable in national prosecutions of international crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in cases involving allegations of international crimes committed during the 1992-95 war. Most applied are the 2003 Criminal Code of BiH (2003 CC BiH) and the 1976 Criminal Code of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1976 CC SFRY) as the code tempore criminis. The purpose of this paper is two folded. In the first place, it aims at the analysis of the scope of penalization of international crimes in the two codes with specific reference to the catalogue of crimes, sentencing, and modes of liability. In the second place, it examines implications stemming from the principle of legality, as one of key principles of modern criminal law, in the context of differences between the two codes and their interchangeable application by the domestic judiciary, including the retroactive application of the 2003 CC BiH. The 1976 CC SFRY provides neither for provision on crimes against humanity as a crime under customary international (criminal) law nor the specific reference to command responsibility. In relation to sentencing, the two codes also significantly differ both regarding the catalogue of criminal sanctions and sentencing frameworks. Whilst the ECtHR shed some light on the applicability of the aforementioned codes in context of the lex mitior principle under Art. 7 ECHR in its judgment in the case of Maktouf and Damjanović v. BiH of 18 July 2013, major issues remain. The paper consists of three parts: while the first part provides for an overview of national prosecutions of international crimes in BiH, the second part outlines the scope of penalization of international crimes in the applicable domestic legislation. Implications of the principle of legality, as provided in the third part, shows that interchangeable application of the said two codes puts into question legal certainty and equality before the law. Further, it shows that prospects for harmonization of case law in this matter is limited due to constraints stemming from the country’s complex constitutional and judicial system. The paper concluded that the potential of wider application of 2003 CC BiH – which reflects customary law and treaty law – is unrealistic due to requirements of Art. 7 ECHR and is limited to cases involving allegations of crimes against humanity.
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Maria Caterina Baruffi and Matteo Ortino (Eds.), Trending topics in international and EU law: legal and economic perspectives (Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane 2019), 2019
This paper explores whether the tendency of establishing of internationalised criminal courts fur... more This paper explores whether the tendency of establishing of internationalised criminal courts further fragments or consolidates the international criminal justice system. The model of internationalised criminal courts emerged in response to limitations shown in the works of the ad hoc and classic tribunals. Such courts are hybrid in context of personnel as well as to the law they apply. The second part provides a comparative and normative-dogmatic analytical overview of the most representative internationalized courts established in the past fifteen years with the aim of assessing circumstances favouring their establishment. Specifics of each of these courts shows that the diversity of existing internationalised courts has an overarching impact over an attempt for a unified theoretical assessment due to extensive differences in relation to institutional and the applicable legal framework. Based on the foregoing, this paper builds upon the theory that diversity of such courts due to extensive differences contributed to diversification of international criminal law and suggest that it has influenced the fragmentation the already fragile international criminal justice system.
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Grzebyk, P. (Ed.), Responsibility for negation of international crimes, 2020
This article explores what effect the denial of atrocity crimes has in communities of countries o... more This article explores what effect the denial of atrocity crimes has in communities of countries of the former Yugoslavia in which those crimes were committed and how criminal law in force and transitional justice mechanisms address this problem. Denial of atrocity crimes committed in the 1991-1999 period, despite being established as such by competent international and national courts, is a common occurrence in some countries of the former Yugoslavia more than 20 years after the end of hostilities. This problem is specifically significant as these crimes are not only denied, but their perpetrators glorified as well, and negatively affects peace processes. The article is structured into two parts. The first part builds upon on the analysis of applicable international law in relation to the fight against impunity and concludes that any effective remedy for such concerning tendency should take include a catalogue of measures including the criminalisation of negationism and punishment of perpetrators as the ultima ratio measure. In order to acquire the full picture in national laws of concerned countries, the second part provides for comparative analysis of existing criminal legislation, practices and attempts to criminalise the negation of genocide and other atrocity crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. The paper concludes that any effective response to the problem of negationism requires multitude of measures including, but not limited to, the strengthening of the institutional and legislative framework. This particularly applies to law enforcement and judicial institutions. Finally, from the transitional justice perspective, the author believes that proper assessment of potential of each model of transitional justice is required, as the response by criminal law means, i.e. by exercising the ius puniendi by the state, must be considered as the ultima ratio, not the only approach.
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Executive Clemency: Comparative and Empirical Perspectives, 2020
Based on a comparative analysis of clemency laws and practices in the countries of the former Yug... more Based on a comparative analysis of clemency laws and practices in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, this chapter examines what role amnesty and clemency laws have in striking a balance between justice and fairness in countries in political transition. Once part of a single legal system, the countries of the former Yugoslavia have developed independent legislative frameworks and practices related to amnesty and clemency as instruments of mercy in the hands of either legislative or executive government.
In countries of the former Yugoslavia, executive clemency practice must be understood in the context of clemency’s relationship with the legislative amnesty power. Accordingly, the paper is structured in two parts: the first part, focusing on amnesty, outlines recent regional developments in amnesty legislation and practice, particularly in Croatia and FYR Macedonia regarding atrocity crimes. The paper identifies Macedonia’s 2002 Amnesty Law, applicable to all International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) ‘11bis cases’, as a concerning example in the fight against impunity for atrocity crimes. By comparison, within Croatian law and practice, as evidenced by the 2014 case of Marguš v. Croatia before the European Court of Human Rights, the importance of criminal proceedings and sentencing enforcement has outweighed earlier amnesty schemes. The chapter’s second part provides an overview of regional executive clemency laws and practices, focusing on substantive and procedural requirements for pardon within the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The second part concludes that pardon, as an executive prerogative power, is afforded a wide legal margin of appreciation, thus resulting in divergent practices across national borders and even within federal jurisdictions in the former Yugoslavia. Moreover, executive clemency practice bears close relation to amnesty practice: those nations that make greatest use of the amnesty provision make little use of clemency, and vice-versa.
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Odpowiedzialność za negowanie zbrodni międzynarodowych, 2020
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Enciklopedijski unosi / Encyclopaedia Entries by Nedzad Smailagic
International Encyclopaedia of Laws - Criminal Law, 2021
The monograph is a national report on criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for the Intern... more The monograph is a national report on criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for the International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Criminal Law. It provides in succinct yet scholarly way the essential features of substantive, procedural, and enforcement criminal law, and the system of criminal justice of BiH. Thus it gives an overview of classification of criminal offences, organization of investigation, pre-trial proceedings, trial stage, appeals, and execution and extinction of criminal sanctions. Full text available here: https://kluwerlawonline.com/EncyclopediaChapter/IEL+Criminal+Law/CRIM20210001
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International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Criminal Law, 2022
The revised version of the IEL Criminal Law entry for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The book covers sub... more The revised version of the IEL Criminal Law entry for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The book covers substantive and procedural criminal law, and the law of execution of criminal sanctions. Updated as of 30 November 2021.
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Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law, 2020
This is an entry on the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Max Planck Encyclop... more This is an entry on the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law (MPECCoL). The entry, which was drafted in accordance with the methodology and guidelines of MPECCoL, extends to the historical background, position in the system, structure, powers, and the position and role of foreign judges of the Constitutional Court of BiH. Finally, the entry provides a brief overview of selected case law of the Court.
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Prikazi i drugi prilozi / Varia by Nedzad Smailagic
Pregled : Časopis za društvena pitanja, 2015
Tekst je prikaz Enciklopedije kriminologije i krivičnog pravosuđa urednika G. Bruinsme i... more Tekst je prikaz Enciklopedije kriminologije i krivičnog pravosuđa urednika G. Bruinsme i D. Weisburda (izd. Springer, Heidelberg, 2014).
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Pregled : Časopis za društvena pitanja, 2018
Tekst je prikaz udžbenika Comparative Criminal Law profesora Albina Esera (izd. C.H. Beck/Hart/No... more Tekst je prikaz udžbenika Comparative Criminal Law profesora Albina Esera (izd. C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos Verlag Minhen, 2017).
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Pregled : Časopis za društvena pitanja, 2013
Tekst je prikaz knjige A. Šelih i A. Završnika (ur.), Crime and Transition in Central and Eastern... more Tekst je prikaz knjige A. Šelih i A. Završnika (ur.), Crime and Transition in Central and Eastern Europe, izd. Springer Verlag, 2012
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Nova pravna revija, 2013
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Knjige / Books by Nedzad Smailagic
Članci / Articles by Nedzad Smailagic
Ključne riječi: međunarodno pravo, zakonitost, načelo zakonitosti, kontinentalni koncept, angloamerički koncept
Poglavlja u knjigama / Book Chapters by Nedzad Smailagic
In countries of the former Yugoslavia, executive clemency practice must be understood in the context of clemency’s relationship with the legislative amnesty power. Accordingly, the paper is structured in two parts: the first part, focusing on amnesty, outlines recent regional developments in amnesty legislation and practice, particularly in Croatia and FYR Macedonia regarding atrocity crimes. The paper identifies Macedonia’s 2002 Amnesty Law, applicable to all International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) ‘11bis cases’, as a concerning example in the fight against impunity for atrocity crimes. By comparison, within Croatian law and practice, as evidenced by the 2014 case of Marguš v. Croatia before the European Court of Human Rights, the importance of criminal proceedings and sentencing enforcement has outweighed earlier amnesty schemes. The chapter’s second part provides an overview of regional executive clemency laws and practices, focusing on substantive and procedural requirements for pardon within the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The second part concludes that pardon, as an executive prerogative power, is afforded a wide legal margin of appreciation, thus resulting in divergent practices across national borders and even within federal jurisdictions in the former Yugoslavia. Moreover, executive clemency practice bears close relation to amnesty practice: those nations that make greatest use of the amnesty provision make little use of clemency, and vice-versa.
Enciklopedijski unosi / Encyclopaedia Entries by Nedzad Smailagic
Prikazi i drugi prilozi / Varia by Nedzad Smailagic
Ključne riječi: međunarodno pravo, zakonitost, načelo zakonitosti, kontinentalni koncept, angloamerički koncept
In countries of the former Yugoslavia, executive clemency practice must be understood in the context of clemency’s relationship with the legislative amnesty power. Accordingly, the paper is structured in two parts: the first part, focusing on amnesty, outlines recent regional developments in amnesty legislation and practice, particularly in Croatia and FYR Macedonia regarding atrocity crimes. The paper identifies Macedonia’s 2002 Amnesty Law, applicable to all International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) ‘11bis cases’, as a concerning example in the fight against impunity for atrocity crimes. By comparison, within Croatian law and practice, as evidenced by the 2014 case of Marguš v. Croatia before the European Court of Human Rights, the importance of criminal proceedings and sentencing enforcement has outweighed earlier amnesty schemes. The chapter’s second part provides an overview of regional executive clemency laws and practices, focusing on substantive and procedural requirements for pardon within the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The second part concludes that pardon, as an executive prerogative power, is afforded a wide legal margin of appreciation, thus resulting in divergent practices across national borders and even within federal jurisdictions in the former Yugoslavia. Moreover, executive clemency practice bears close relation to amnesty practice: those nations that make greatest use of the amnesty provision make little use of clemency, and vice-versa.