Mielinização, Desmielinização E Remielinização Nosistemanervoso Central
Mielinização, Desmielinização E Remielinização Nosistemanervoso Central
Mielinização, Desmielinização E Remielinização Nosistemanervoso Central
R E S U M O — A s b a i n h a s d e m i e l i n a q u e e n v o l v e m a x ô n i o s n o S N C s ã o feitas e m a n t i d a s
por oligodendrócitos. Estas células gliais f o r m a m u m número variável de segmentos de
m i e l i n a ( i n t e r n ó d u l o s ) : e n t r e 1 e 200, d e m o d o q u e q u a n d o u m a c é l u l a é l e s a d a j u n t o
c o m ela p o d e m ser destruídos numerosos internódulos, constituindo u m processo desmieli-¬
nizante. C o m o conseqüência d a destruição da célula-bainha e internódulos relacionados há
uma resposta celular rápida e abundante. E s t a r e s p o s t a é feita p o r f a g ó c i t o s r e s i d e n t e s
(microglia) e hematógenos. A m b a s a s c é l u l a s f a g o c i t a m o s d e t r i t o s c e l u l a r e s e de. m i e l i n a ,
deixando os axônios desmielinizados. Estes axônios podem permanecer desprovidos de
suas bainhas e aglutinados, p o d e m ser separados p o r p r o c e s s o s de astrócitos ou p o d e m
ser r e m i e l i n i z a d o s . A ocorrência d o processo de remielinização depende d a intensidade e
tempo de exposição ao agente desmielinizante. A remielinização, c o m total restabeleci-
mento d a condução, p o d e s e r realizada p o r o l i g o d e n d r ó c i t o o u p o r célula d e Schwann q u e
invade o SNC sempre q u e o s astrócitos s ã o destruídos.
Fig. l — N o alto, internódulos de mielina nos sistemas nervosos central (SNC) e perifé-
rico (SNP): a, axônio; S, densidades subaxolemais; A, processos de astrócitos; N, nódulo
de Ranvierj P, região pamnodal; I, vnternódulo; b, membrana basal da célula de Schwann.
Em b a i x o , mielinização pelo oligodendrócito no SNC: N, núcleo; C, citoplasma; P, mem-
brana citoplasmática; nR, nódulo de Ranvier; Bm, bainha de mielina; I, mternóãulo;
Li, Ivnha intraperiódica; LDP, linha densa principal ( 3 0 ) .
Mielinização, desmielinvzaçao e remtelimsação 295
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