13128124,7:18 AM How Is Cement Produced in Cement Plants | Cement Making Process
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Cement is a kind of powdery hydraulic inorganic cementitious material, which is the most basic and
widely used building material in modern society. Cement can be hardened in the air or in water, and
can firmly bond sand and stone together. It is widely used in civil engineering, water conservancy,
national defense, and other projects.
The most commonly seen and used cement is portland cement, or ordinary portland cement (OPC)
This type of cement was invented in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin. It is named ‘portland
cement’ because its property is similar to the stone quarried on the Ise of Portland, England,
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Cement Making Process
The cement making dry process includes six phases:
1. Raw material extraction/ Quarry
2. Proportioning, Blending, and Grinding
3. Pre-heater Phase
4. Kiln Phase
5. Cooling and Final Grinding
6. Packing & Shipping
Phase I: Raw Material Extraction
The raw materials needed for cement production mainly include limestone (main material, providing
a0), clay materials (providing Si02, Al,03 and a small amount of Fe70s), correction raw materials (to
supplement some insufficient ingredients), and auxiliary raw materials (such as mineralizer, cosolvent,
grinding aid), etc. Generally, the limestone accounts for 80% of cement raw materials, which is the
main cement manufacturing material
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Minging at a limestone quarry
Cement plants are usually built near the quarry of limestone so the quarried limestone can be
transported to the cement plant directly by belt conveyor or other conveying systems. If the distance
between the quarry and the cement plant is too long to use conveyors, the limestones will have to be
transported by trucks, which means higher transportation fees and inconvenience. The short distance
between the cement plant and the quarry saves transportation fees and fuel costs and makes the
cement making process economical
Apart from limestone, there are also other raw materials used in the cement making process, such as
clay, fly ash, iron ore, and coal. The need for these raw materials in cement production is relatively
small so it is OK to just buy them from a supplier.
Before raw materials being transported to the cement plant, they are crushed into smaller size pieces
by the crusher at the quarry. Compared to large pieces, raw materials in smaller pieces are easier to be
loaded and transported, and more convenient for subsequent processing.
Phase II: Raw Material Proportioning, Blending, and
Grinding
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proportion of raw materials of different specifications of cement is also different. Generally, the
proportion of components in cement raw materials is 67-75% limestone, 10-15% clay, 0.5-1.5% iron ore
and 8.5-11% coal.
The laboratory of a cement plant
With the help of vertical roller mills or other types of crushers, the raw materials are blended and
further ground into smaller pieces of raw meal in the cement plant. In a roller mill, the rotating roller
rotates continuously on the grinding table and crushes the material to fine powders, and finishes the
job. The raw mix is stored in a pre-homogenization pile after it was ground to fine powders.
Phase III: Raw Meal Preheating
After being crushed by the raw mill, the raw meal is ready to enter the preheater. The cyclone
preheater is one of the core equipment for dry process cement production, which consists of a series
of vertical cyclones locate on several stages. Inside the cyclones, raw meal meats with the exhaust
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How Is Cement Produced in Cement Plants | Cement Making Process
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cyelone system
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The cyclone preheating system
Phase IV: Calcination
The calcination is the core phase of the cement making dry process. The calcination of the preheated
raw meal takes place in the rotary kiln of the cement plant. The rotary kiln is a huge rotating furnace in
which the raw meal is heated up to 1450 °C and turned to clinker.
The high temperature in the rotary kiln initiates a series of chemical reactions between calcium and
silicon dioxide compounds, which eventually turn the raw meal into cement clinker.
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sna13128124,7:18 AM How Is Cement Produced in Cement Plants | Cement Making Process
Phase V: Clinker Cooling & Final Grinding
The hot clinker discharged from the rotary kiln is cooled in the grate cooler by forced air, which is
extracted from the outer atmosphere by grate cooling fans. The temperature of the clinker after being
cooled drops from 1350 - 1450°C to around 120°C. The cooled clinker is then transported to clinker
silos or hoppers directly by conveyors for storage and later the cement grinding process. The hot air in
the cooler is recirculated back to the rotary kiln for reuse, which further saves the energy consumption
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of the cement plant.
Clinker cooling process
The cooled clinker is then fed to cement mills for final grinding. Many factories nowadays prefer to
use ball mills for cement grinding, since this kind of mill has small product particle size distribution
and is easy to operate.
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Steel Balls
Fed Material
The working principle of a ball mill
The cement ball mill is a horizontal cylinder filled with steel balls or other grinding media. Inside the
cylinder, the steel balls are rotated and tumbled and crush the clinker into very fine powders, which are
product cement powders. During the grinding process, a small percentage of gypsum is added to the
mix to control the setting time of the cement.
Phase VI: Storage & Packaging
The product cement discharged from the cement grinding mills is conveyed to the cement storage
silos. Further, itis packed into bags or shipped to customers in bulk quantities by trucks, ral freight
wagons, or ships. The most popular cement packing machines are roto-packers which can pack
cement fast and in large quantities
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PARTS
> Vertical Roller Mill Parts
> Rotary Kiln Parts
> Kiln Tyre
> Kiln Support Roller
> Ball Mill Parts
> Girth Gears
> Ball Mill Pinion
> Ball Mil Trunnicn
> Ball Mill Liners
> Crusher Hammers
> Crusher Rotors
> Cooler Grate Plates
> Conveyor Belts
> Dust Collector Fitter Bag
> Slag Pot
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EQUIPMENT
> Jaw Crusher
> Hammer Crusher
> Cone Crusher
> HSI Crusher
> Cement Crusher
> Cyclone Preheater
> Rotary Cement Kiln
> Cement Mill
> Ball Mill
> Coal Mill
> Conveying System
> Overland Conveyor
> Grate Cooler
> Rotary Cooler
> Rotary Dryer
> Indirect Rotary Kiln
> Bucket Wheel Stacker Reclaimer
> Cement Mill Separator
> Hydraulic Roller Press
> High Pressure Grinding Roll
> Electrostatic Precipitator
> Pulse Jet Bag Filter
> Cement Packing Machine
> Cement Bag Filling Machine
> Disc Pelletizer
> Lime Shaft Kiln
How Is Cament Produced in Cement Plans | Cament Making Process,
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CEMENT EQUIPMENT
Jaw Crusher
Hammer Crusher
Cone Crusher
HSI Crusher
Cement Crusher
Cyclone Preheater
Rotary Cement Kiln
Cement Mil
Ball Mill
Coal Mill
Conveying System
Overland Conveyor
Grate Cooler
Rotary Cooler
Rotary Dryer
Indirect Rotary Kiln
Bucket Wheel Stacker Reclaimer
‘Cement Mill Separator
Hydraulic Roller Press
High Pressure Grinding Roll
Electrostatic Precipitator
Pulse Jet Bag Filter
‘Cement Packing Machine
Cement Bag Filling Machine
Disc Pelletizer
Lime Shaft Kiln
Vertical Shaft Kiln
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1348126124, 7:18 AM How Is Cement Produced in Cement Plants | Cement Making Process
: Vertical Roller Mill Parts
. Rotary Kiln Parts
. Kiln Tyre
. Kiln Support Roller
. Ball Mill Parts,
: Girth Gears
. Ball Mill Pinion
. Ball Mill Trunnion
. Ball Mill Liners
: Crusher Hammers
. Crusher Rotors
. Cooler Grate Plates
: Conveyor Belts
. Dust Collector Filter Bag
: Slag Pot
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