PhD in International Relations at the International Relations Institute from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (IRI/PUC-Rio) and MA by the same institute. Santos holds a Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations from the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ).
Ao olhar para o escopo de ação das novas instituições criadas pelo Sul global, podemos vislumbrar... more Ao olhar para o escopo de ação das novas instituições criadas pelo Sul global, podemos vislumbrar o esboço de um projeto político multilateral em expansão. O movimento de criação de normas e instituições por meio da cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) tem se tornado crucial para a sobrevivência futura dos países em desenvolvimento, seja ela material, prática ou política. Com isso em mente, este artigo analisa a CSS a partir do seu papel na contestação de normas e na disputa por recursos, observando especificamente a construção recente de uma instituição relevante no enfrentamento de desafios globais da saúde: o Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Vacinas do BRICS. Veremos que, embora seja parte de um movimento político fragmentado, o alargamento dos espaços disponíveis para a ação no mundo em desenvolvimento é uma medida de gestão dos interesses e de ampliação do poder de decisão permitido a esses países, cujo futuro depende tanto do seu apoio político quanto do aporte financeiro.
Monitoring and evaluation practices are in constant transformation and respond to different princ... more Monitoring and evaluation practices are in constant transformation and respond to different principles and interests. Evaluating means assigning value. It implies measuring, describing and interpreting. In relation to development cooperation, it also involves negotiating opinions and worldviews and, in the case of South-South Cooperation (SSC) more specifically, such dialogue must be conducted in a horizontal manner. Thus, it is a practice permeated by political conceptions and, as such, it is important to promote transparency and encourage the debate on the elements that underpin evaluations – i.e. their objectives, criteria, indicators, methods and uses. Ignoring such elements can compromise the emergence of critical reflection and learning that evaluations can and should generate.
This document is based on the “Dialogues on Brazilian South-South Cooperation” held in Rio de Janeiro, in January 2017. The event was organized by the BRICS Policy Center in collaboration with the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and with the support of the South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre (Articulação Sul). It brought together SSC actors from twelve countries, as well as a significant number of Brazilian implementing agencies and international organizations. This document is authored by experts and researchers from Articulação Sul and the BRICS Policy Center. The views contained here do not express the official position of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency nor that of any of the individuals or the institutions they represent, who have actively participated in the “Dialogues”. The report, therefore, presents the authors’ own reflections on the ongoing debate on how to strengthen SSC Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems so they are capable of accounting for the diversity of practices and contexts that constitute the field of SSC.
BRICS Policy Center, South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation. Paths for Developing South-South Cooperation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Brasília, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1st edition, Brasília, 2017.
Private sector is usually defined as organizations that are profit seeking, thus excluding non-pr... more Private sector is usually defined as organizations that are profit seeking, thus excluding non-profit foundations or civil society organizations. Private Sector engagement (PSE) refers to the participation of the private sector seeking development results, while PSE through development cooperation means the intersection between development finance instruments and the private sector.
The people-centered logic of differentiation presented by the 2030 Agenda assumed that no one sho... more The people-centered logic of differentiation presented by the 2030 Agenda assumed that no one should be left behind. The idea of Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) challenges the conventional growth-based development wisdom while intends to orient policy decisions to tackle the sustainable development agenda across its 17 goals and 169 targets. By considering deprivation and social exclusion in its multiple forms, LNOB is an outstanding starting point for making South-South Cooperation (SSC) work for the most deprived and vulnerable. LNOB helps redirect SSC focus and efforts to improve the conditions of people at risk and under the poverty line; to support other countries increase minimum living standards; and to help them close inequality gaps.
LAC countries can implement a much more integrated and sustainable response to the challenge of m... more LAC countries can implement a much more integrated and sustainable response to the challenge of multidimensional inequality. Selected case studies, led by Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, in partnership with developed and developing partners, are excellent examples of how the LNOB approach can supplement the guiding principles of South-South Cooperation via Trilateral Cooperation (TrC).
Adopting a postcolonial perspective, this article approaches Brazilian South-South cooperation 'n... more Adopting a postcolonial perspective, this article approaches Brazilian South-South cooperation 'narratives' in Africa as part of a politics of identity that helps redefine Brazil's place in the modern world. The article discusses how South-South cooperation operates as a site of knowledge and power through which a developmentalist Brazilian identity is reproduced, and subalternity can be constantly renegotiated. Through a brief analysis of the narratives of Brazilian involvement in Angola, it emphasizes how the production of the state self is also permeated by several ambivalences that update colonial tropes and bring new forms of subjugation. If, on the one hand, the movement undertaken in the article permits discussing the very ambiguity of the postcolonial condition-mainly by exposing the tensions and indeterminacies that permeate Brazil's engagements in the global arena, on the other hand, it opens up new theoretical avenues for analyzing Brazilian foreign policy.
Given the worsening of the Venezuelan crisis after the death of President Hugo Chavez in March 20... more Given the worsening of the Venezuelan crisis after the death of President Hugo Chavez in March 2013, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) has developed a key role in mediating and monitoring the internal conflict that divides the country. However, the initiatives undertaken by the bloc appear to face a dilemma around the defense of democracy and human rights, which is reflected in the dialogue established between opposition and government.
In "UNASUR's Role as a Mediator: the Venezuelan case", Camila dos Santos* analyzes the opportunities and challenges UNASUR faces when it comes to conflict mediation, in an attempt to understand how and to what extent its mediation practices contribute to the resolution of the recent crisis in Venezuela. Therefore, UNASUR's democratic clause is analyzed as an important constituent element of its identity, through which electoral democracy is used as a central principle in resolving the crisis.
Inspirada pelo instrumental teórico-metodológico foucaultiano e pós-colonial, a presente tese inv... more Inspirada pelo instrumental teórico-metodológico foucaultiano e pós-colonial, a presente tese investiga os sentidos atribuídos ao direito à saúde, argumentando que as políticas que permitem a preservação da vida na atualidade têm envolvido, sobretudo, um processo doméstico de (re)definição do demos e de quem a ele pertence, ao mesmo tempo em que tem seus limites influenciados e constrangidos pela política internacional. Para tanto, esta tese observará que a defesa do direito à saúde nos territórios pós-coloniais levanta três problemas. Em primeiro lugar, está a urgência em se enfrentar a racialização que mantém viva a opressão colonial no âmbito doméstico, e que impede a inclusão das parcelas mais vulneráveis da população no conjunto de direitos humanos que devem ser preservados pelo Estado. Em segundo lugar, está o desafio de gerir, de maneira sustentada, políticas globais que tenham como ponto de partida os determinantes sociais da saúde que perpetuam a vulnerabilidade das populações nos países em desenvolvimento. Em terceiro lugar, a presente tese argumentará ainda que é justo quando se logra conceber, constitucionalmente, a totalidade da população como cidadã no terreno nacional, que a própria concepção de cidadania é ressignificada e esvaziada na esfera internacional, impedindo a completude do ciclo de direitos. Na virada para o século XXI, a consolidação da governança neoliberal facilitou as manobras nas interrelações entre saúde, direitos e economia, normalizando o sofrimento humano em escala global e reduzindo a saúde à possibilidade do consumo médico e não à realização de uma vida plena e saudável. Ao excluir as dimensões políticas, socioeconômicas e ambientais dos processos de tomada de decisão que tornam possível a vida com boa saúde, a governança neoliberal nos levaria a um cenário global de generalização da necropolítica, onde o direito à saúde seria ressignificado pela complexidade de sua fragmentação e da multiplicidade de atores envolvidos em sua execução. À luz da experiência brasileira na construção do maior sistema de saúde pública do mundo, esta tese buscará compreender as condições de possibilidade para a preservação da vida em um contexto de encolhimento de direitos e de espaços democráticos ao redor do mundo.
Ao olhar para o escopo de ação das novas instituições criadas pelo Sul global, podemos vislumbrar... more Ao olhar para o escopo de ação das novas instituições criadas pelo Sul global, podemos vislumbrar o esboço de um projeto político multilateral em expansão. O movimento de criação de normas e instituições por meio da cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) tem se tornado crucial para a sobrevivência futura dos países em desenvolvimento, seja ela material, prática ou política. Com isso em mente, este artigo analisa a CSS a partir do seu papel na contestação de normas e na disputa por recursos, observando especificamente a construção recente de uma instituição relevante no enfrentamento de desafios globais da saúde: o Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Vacinas do BRICS. Veremos que, embora seja parte de um movimento político fragmentado, o alargamento dos espaços disponíveis para a ação no mundo em desenvolvimento é uma medida de gestão dos interesses e de ampliação do poder de decisão permitido a esses países, cujo futuro depende tanto do seu apoio político quanto do aporte financeiro.
Monitoring and evaluation practices are in constant transformation and respond to different princ... more Monitoring and evaluation practices are in constant transformation and respond to different principles and interests. Evaluating means assigning value. It implies measuring, describing and interpreting. In relation to development cooperation, it also involves negotiating opinions and worldviews and, in the case of South-South Cooperation (SSC) more specifically, such dialogue must be conducted in a horizontal manner. Thus, it is a practice permeated by political conceptions and, as such, it is important to promote transparency and encourage the debate on the elements that underpin evaluations – i.e. their objectives, criteria, indicators, methods and uses. Ignoring such elements can compromise the emergence of critical reflection and learning that evaluations can and should generate.
This document is based on the “Dialogues on Brazilian South-South Cooperation” held in Rio de Janeiro, in January 2017. The event was organized by the BRICS Policy Center in collaboration with the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and with the support of the South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre (Articulação Sul). It brought together SSC actors from twelve countries, as well as a significant number of Brazilian implementing agencies and international organizations. This document is authored by experts and researchers from Articulação Sul and the BRICS Policy Center. The views contained here do not express the official position of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency nor that of any of the individuals or the institutions they represent, who have actively participated in the “Dialogues”. The report, therefore, presents the authors’ own reflections on the ongoing debate on how to strengthen SSC Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems so they are capable of accounting for the diversity of practices and contexts that constitute the field of SSC.
BRICS Policy Center, South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation. Paths for Developing South-South Cooperation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Brasília, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1st edition, Brasília, 2017.
Private sector is usually defined as organizations that are profit seeking, thus excluding non-pr... more Private sector is usually defined as organizations that are profit seeking, thus excluding non-profit foundations or civil society organizations. Private Sector engagement (PSE) refers to the participation of the private sector seeking development results, while PSE through development cooperation means the intersection between development finance instruments and the private sector.
The people-centered logic of differentiation presented by the 2030 Agenda assumed that no one sho... more The people-centered logic of differentiation presented by the 2030 Agenda assumed that no one should be left behind. The idea of Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) challenges the conventional growth-based development wisdom while intends to orient policy decisions to tackle the sustainable development agenda across its 17 goals and 169 targets. By considering deprivation and social exclusion in its multiple forms, LNOB is an outstanding starting point for making South-South Cooperation (SSC) work for the most deprived and vulnerable. LNOB helps redirect SSC focus and efforts to improve the conditions of people at risk and under the poverty line; to support other countries increase minimum living standards; and to help them close inequality gaps.
LAC countries can implement a much more integrated and sustainable response to the challenge of m... more LAC countries can implement a much more integrated and sustainable response to the challenge of multidimensional inequality. Selected case studies, led by Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, in partnership with developed and developing partners, are excellent examples of how the LNOB approach can supplement the guiding principles of South-South Cooperation via Trilateral Cooperation (TrC).
Adopting a postcolonial perspective, this article approaches Brazilian South-South cooperation 'n... more Adopting a postcolonial perspective, this article approaches Brazilian South-South cooperation 'narratives' in Africa as part of a politics of identity that helps redefine Brazil's place in the modern world. The article discusses how South-South cooperation operates as a site of knowledge and power through which a developmentalist Brazilian identity is reproduced, and subalternity can be constantly renegotiated. Through a brief analysis of the narratives of Brazilian involvement in Angola, it emphasizes how the production of the state self is also permeated by several ambivalences that update colonial tropes and bring new forms of subjugation. If, on the one hand, the movement undertaken in the article permits discussing the very ambiguity of the postcolonial condition-mainly by exposing the tensions and indeterminacies that permeate Brazil's engagements in the global arena, on the other hand, it opens up new theoretical avenues for analyzing Brazilian foreign policy.
Given the worsening of the Venezuelan crisis after the death of President Hugo Chavez in March 20... more Given the worsening of the Venezuelan crisis after the death of President Hugo Chavez in March 2013, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) has developed a key role in mediating and monitoring the internal conflict that divides the country. However, the initiatives undertaken by the bloc appear to face a dilemma around the defense of democracy and human rights, which is reflected in the dialogue established between opposition and government.
In "UNASUR's Role as a Mediator: the Venezuelan case", Camila dos Santos* analyzes the opportunities and challenges UNASUR faces when it comes to conflict mediation, in an attempt to understand how and to what extent its mediation practices contribute to the resolution of the recent crisis in Venezuela. Therefore, UNASUR's democratic clause is analyzed as an important constituent element of its identity, through which electoral democracy is used as a central principle in resolving the crisis.
Inspirada pelo instrumental teórico-metodológico foucaultiano e pós-colonial, a presente tese inv... more Inspirada pelo instrumental teórico-metodológico foucaultiano e pós-colonial, a presente tese investiga os sentidos atribuídos ao direito à saúde, argumentando que as políticas que permitem a preservação da vida na atualidade têm envolvido, sobretudo, um processo doméstico de (re)definição do demos e de quem a ele pertence, ao mesmo tempo em que tem seus limites influenciados e constrangidos pela política internacional. Para tanto, esta tese observará que a defesa do direito à saúde nos territórios pós-coloniais levanta três problemas. Em primeiro lugar, está a urgência em se enfrentar a racialização que mantém viva a opressão colonial no âmbito doméstico, e que impede a inclusão das parcelas mais vulneráveis da população no conjunto de direitos humanos que devem ser preservados pelo Estado. Em segundo lugar, está o desafio de gerir, de maneira sustentada, políticas globais que tenham como ponto de partida os determinantes sociais da saúde que perpetuam a vulnerabilidade das populações nos países em desenvolvimento. Em terceiro lugar, a presente tese argumentará ainda que é justo quando se logra conceber, constitucionalmente, a totalidade da população como cidadã no terreno nacional, que a própria concepção de cidadania é ressignificada e esvaziada na esfera internacional, impedindo a completude do ciclo de direitos. Na virada para o século XXI, a consolidação da governança neoliberal facilitou as manobras nas interrelações entre saúde, direitos e economia, normalizando o sofrimento humano em escala global e reduzindo a saúde à possibilidade do consumo médico e não à realização de uma vida plena e saudável. Ao excluir as dimensões políticas, socioeconômicas e ambientais dos processos de tomada de decisão que tornam possível a vida com boa saúde, a governança neoliberal nos levaria a um cenário global de generalização da necropolítica, onde o direito à saúde seria ressignificado pela complexidade de sua fragmentação e da multiplicidade de atores envolvidos em sua execução. À luz da experiência brasileira na construção do maior sistema de saúde pública do mundo, esta tese buscará compreender as condições de possibilidade para a preservação da vida em um contexto de encolhimento de direitos e de espaços democráticos ao redor do mundo.
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This document is based on the “Dialogues on Brazilian South-South Cooperation” held in Rio de Janeiro, in January 2017. The event was organized by the BRICS Policy Center in collaboration with the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and with the support of the South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre (Articulação Sul). It brought together SSC actors from twelve countries, as well as a significant number of Brazilian implementing agencies and international organizations. This document is authored by experts and researchers from Articulação Sul and the BRICS Policy Center. The views contained here do not express the official position of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency nor that of any of the individuals or the institutions they represent, who have actively participated in the “Dialogues”. The report, therefore, presents the authors’ own reflections on the ongoing debate on how to strengthen SSC Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems so they are capable of accounting for the diversity of practices and contexts that constitute the field of SSC.
BRICS Policy Center, South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation. Paths for Developing South-South Cooperation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Brasília, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1st edition, Brasília, 2017.
Cooperation (SSC) work for the most deprived and vulnerable. LNOB helps redirect SSC focus and efforts to improve the conditions of people at risk and under the poverty line; to support other countries increase minimum living standards; and to help them close inequality gaps.
In "UNASUR's Role as a Mediator: the Venezuelan case", Camila dos Santos* analyzes the opportunities and challenges UNASUR faces when it comes to conflict mediation, in an attempt to understand how and to what extent its mediation practices contribute to the resolution of the recent crisis in Venezuela. Therefore, UNASUR's democratic clause is analyzed as an important constituent element of its identity, through which electoral democracy is used as a central principle in resolving the crisis.
This document is based on the “Dialogues on Brazilian South-South Cooperation” held in Rio de Janeiro, in January 2017. The event was organized by the BRICS Policy Center in collaboration with the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and with the support of the South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre (Articulação Sul). It brought together SSC actors from twelve countries, as well as a significant number of Brazilian implementing agencies and international organizations. This document is authored by experts and researchers from Articulação Sul and the BRICS Policy Center. The views contained here do not express the official position of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency nor that of any of the individuals or the institutions they represent, who have actively participated in the “Dialogues”. The report, therefore, presents the authors’ own reflections on the ongoing debate on how to strengthen SSC Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems so they are capable of accounting for the diversity of practices and contexts that constitute the field of SSC.
BRICS Policy Center, South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Centre, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation. Paths for Developing South-South Cooperation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Brasília, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1st edition, Brasília, 2017.
Cooperation (SSC) work for the most deprived and vulnerable. LNOB helps redirect SSC focus and efforts to improve the conditions of people at risk and under the poverty line; to support other countries increase minimum living standards; and to help them close inequality gaps.
In "UNASUR's Role as a Mediator: the Venezuelan case", Camila dos Santos* analyzes the opportunities and challenges UNASUR faces when it comes to conflict mediation, in an attempt to understand how and to what extent its mediation practices contribute to the resolution of the recent crisis in Venezuela. Therefore, UNASUR's democratic clause is analyzed as an important constituent element of its identity, through which electoral democracy is used as a central principle in resolving the crisis.