Researcher and consultant on public policy of information society, with emphasis on technology regulation, e-government and intellectual property.Studied International Relations, Law and Pedagogy in Argentina, Japan, UK and Thailand, with posts in Argentina, France, Japan, UK and US academia. Address: Viedma, Rio Negro, Argentina
The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions around the world to conduct their operations remotely; ... more The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions around the world to conduct their operations remotely; this was also true for higher education. While online learning and teaching were known about generally, the meaningful assessment of students (while also assuring integrity of the assessment process) represented a new set of challenges, as exams had previously been in-person events. Online proctoring technologies, offered commercially with different levels of service, were presented as the solution to the problem of integrity. Universities globally embraced them as a panacea.
This article first analyses the legal issues arising from the use of such technologies, with a focus on data protection, human rights, and equality from an English law perspective, but with reference to other jurisdictions where relevant. It then considers the pedagogical implications of online proctoring. The article concludes that the use of online proctoring technologies in their current form breaches different aspects of student rights and breaks the bond of trust needed to foster learning. The article identifies the basis of the problem of over-reliance on exams as a form of assessment when the same online tools allow for the use of more innovative, inclusive, and rights-compliant forms of evaluation.
Social networks are widely used as a fast and ubiquitous information-sharing medium. The mass spr... more Social networks are widely used as a fast and ubiquitous information-sharing medium. The mass spread of food rumours has seriously invaded public’s healthy life and impacted food production. It can be argued that the government, companies, and the media have the responsibility to send true anti-rumour messages to reduce panic, and the risks involved in different forms of communication to the public have not been properly assessed. The manuscript develops an empirical analysis model from 683 food anti-rumour cases and 7,967 data of the users with top comments to test the influence of the strength of rumour/anti-rumour on rumour control. Furthermore, dividing the users into three categories, Leaders, Chatters, and General Public, and study the influence of human characteristics on the relationship between the strength of rumour/anti-rumour and rumour control by considering the different human characteristics as moderator variables. The results showed that anti-rumours have a significa...
The present article analyses the current situation of child pornography law at the international ... more The present article analyses the current situation of child pornography law at the international level and in three jurisdictions with different legal traditions, as well different developments in criminal law and criminal policy. It shows the problems associated with protecting children's sexual integrity from the perils represented by the use of new technology by sexual predators, while ensuring the free flow of information and ideas guaranteed by an array of rights such as freedom of expression and protection of privacy. It focuses on the legislative activity at the international level through the enactment of different conventions, the application of them by national authorities, the development of domestic legislation in the selected jurisdictions, and the response that courts have given to those developments. The article concludes with an in-depth analysis of the situation in Argentina and proposes a modification to the Criminal Code of Argentina. Resumen El presente artículo analiza la situación actual del derecho referido a la pornografía infantil a nivel internacional y en tres jurisdicciones con diferentes tradiciones legales y también diferentes avances en el derecho penal y política criminal. Muestra los problemas asociados con la protección de la integridad sexual de los niños de los peligros representados por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por los depredadores sexuales, al tiempo que asegurar garantiza el libre flujo de información e ideas garantizados por una serie de derechos como la libertad de expresión y la protección de la privacidad. Se centra en la actividad legislativa a nivel internacional a través de diferentes tratados, su implementación por las autoridades nacionales, el desarrollo legal en general en las jurisdicciones. Se termina el análisis en profundidad de la situación de Argentina y proponer una modificación del Código Penal argentino.
Electronic commerce is a commercial activity with promising future prospects. Many goods and/or s... more Electronic commerce is a commercial activity with promising future prospects. Many goods and/or services can be contracted through it although the consumer and user can not be completely satisfied with them. With this aim, the spanish legislator recognizes in favour of the consumer and user the faculty to desist, in the legal framework determined, from the contracts initially made. That legal background established can be improved considerably, at least in aid of the weak contracting party, through the self-regulation of the e-commerce, thanks of which, the codes of conduct have been developed.
El artículo reseña el proceso de apropiación de la información y la conversión de la misma en una... more El artículo reseña el proceso de apropiación de la información y la conversión de la misma en una mercadería a través de la expansión de los derechos de propiedad intelectual y lo compara con el derecho humano a recibir conocimiento.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions around the world to conduct their operations remotely; ... more The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions around the world to conduct their operations remotely; this was also true for higher education. While online learning and teaching were known about generally, the meaningful assessment of students (while also assuring integrity of the assessment process) represented a new set of challenges, as exams had previously been in-person events. Online proctoring technologies, offered commercially with different levels of service, were presented as the solution to the problem of integrity. Universities globally embraced them as a panacea.
This article first analyses the legal issues arising from the use of such technologies, with a focus on data protection, human rights, and equality from an English law perspective, but with reference to other jurisdictions where relevant. It then considers the pedagogical implications of online proctoring. The article concludes that the use of online proctoring technologies in their current form breaches different aspects of student rights and breaks the bond of trust needed to foster learning. The article identifies the basis of the problem of over-reliance on exams as a form of assessment when the same online tools allow for the use of more innovative, inclusive, and rights-compliant forms of evaluation.
Social networks are widely used as a fast and ubiquitous information-sharing medium. The mass spr... more Social networks are widely used as a fast and ubiquitous information-sharing medium. The mass spread of food rumours has seriously invaded public’s healthy life and impacted food production. It can be argued that the government, companies, and the media have the responsibility to send true anti-rumour messages to reduce panic, and the risks involved in different forms of communication to the public have not been properly assessed. The manuscript develops an empirical analysis model from 683 food anti-rumour cases and 7,967 data of the users with top comments to test the influence of the strength of rumour/anti-rumour on rumour control. Furthermore, dividing the users into three categories, Leaders, Chatters, and General Public, and study the influence of human characteristics on the relationship between the strength of rumour/anti-rumour and rumour control by considering the different human characteristics as moderator variables. The results showed that anti-rumours have a significa...
The present article analyses the current situation of child pornography law at the international ... more The present article analyses the current situation of child pornography law at the international level and in three jurisdictions with different legal traditions, as well different developments in criminal law and criminal policy. It shows the problems associated with protecting children's sexual integrity from the perils represented by the use of new technology by sexual predators, while ensuring the free flow of information and ideas guaranteed by an array of rights such as freedom of expression and protection of privacy. It focuses on the legislative activity at the international level through the enactment of different conventions, the application of them by national authorities, the development of domestic legislation in the selected jurisdictions, and the response that courts have given to those developments. The article concludes with an in-depth analysis of the situation in Argentina and proposes a modification to the Criminal Code of Argentina. Resumen El presente artículo analiza la situación actual del derecho referido a la pornografía infantil a nivel internacional y en tres jurisdicciones con diferentes tradiciones legales y también diferentes avances en el derecho penal y política criminal. Muestra los problemas asociados con la protección de la integridad sexual de los niños de los peligros representados por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por los depredadores sexuales, al tiempo que asegurar garantiza el libre flujo de información e ideas garantizados por una serie de derechos como la libertad de expresión y la protección de la privacidad. Se centra en la actividad legislativa a nivel internacional a través de diferentes tratados, su implementación por las autoridades nacionales, el desarrollo legal en general en las jurisdicciones. Se termina el análisis en profundidad de la situación de Argentina y proponer una modificación del Código Penal argentino.
Electronic commerce is a commercial activity with promising future prospects. Many goods and/or s... more Electronic commerce is a commercial activity with promising future prospects. Many goods and/or services can be contracted through it although the consumer and user can not be completely satisfied with them. With this aim, the spanish legislator recognizes in favour of the consumer and user the faculty to desist, in the legal framework determined, from the contracts initially made. That legal background established can be improved considerably, at least in aid of the weak contracting party, through the self-regulation of the e-commerce, thanks of which, the codes of conduct have been developed.
El artículo reseña el proceso de apropiación de la información y la conversión de la misma en una... more El artículo reseña el proceso de apropiación de la información y la conversión de la misma en una mercadería a través de la expansión de los derechos de propiedad intelectual y lo compara con el derecho humano a recibir conocimiento.
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Papers by Fernando Barrio
This article first analyses the legal issues arising from the use of such technologies, with a focus on data protection, human rights, and equality from an English law perspective, but with reference to other jurisdictions where relevant. It then considers the pedagogical implications of online proctoring. The article concludes that the use of online proctoring technologies in their current form breaches different aspects of student rights and breaks the bond of trust needed to foster learning. The article identifies the basis of the problem of over-reliance on exams as a form of assessment when the same online tools allow for the use of more innovative, inclusive, and rights-compliant forms of evaluation.
https://www.scl.org/articles/10749-farming-computer-law-s-new-rather-old-frontier
Resumen El presente artículo analiza la situación actual del derecho referido a la pornografía infantil a nivel internacional y en tres jurisdicciones con diferentes tradiciones legales y también diferentes avances en el derecho penal y política criminal. Muestra los problemas asociados con la protección de la integridad sexual de los niños de los peligros representados por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por los depredadores sexuales, al tiempo que asegurar garantiza el libre flujo de información e ideas garantizados por una serie de derechos como la libertad de expresión y la protección de la privacidad. Se centra en la actividad legislativa a nivel internacional a través de diferentes tratados, su implementación por las autoridades nacionales, el desarrollo legal en general en las jurisdicciones. Se termina el análisis en profundidad de la
situación de Argentina y proponer una modificación del Código Penal argentino.
This article first analyses the legal issues arising from the use of such technologies, with a focus on data protection, human rights, and equality from an English law perspective, but with reference to other jurisdictions where relevant. It then considers the pedagogical implications of online proctoring. The article concludes that the use of online proctoring technologies in their current form breaches different aspects of student rights and breaks the bond of trust needed to foster learning. The article identifies the basis of the problem of over-reliance on exams as a form of assessment when the same online tools allow for the use of more innovative, inclusive, and rights-compliant forms of evaluation.
https://www.scl.org/articles/10749-farming-computer-law-s-new-rather-old-frontier
Resumen El presente artículo analiza la situación actual del derecho referido a la pornografía infantil a nivel internacional y en tres jurisdicciones con diferentes tradiciones legales y también diferentes avances en el derecho penal y política criminal. Muestra los problemas asociados con la protección de la integridad sexual de los niños de los peligros representados por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por los depredadores sexuales, al tiempo que asegurar garantiza el libre flujo de información e ideas garantizados por una serie de derechos como la libertad de expresión y la protección de la privacidad. Se centra en la actividad legislativa a nivel internacional a través de diferentes tratados, su implementación por las autoridades nacionales, el desarrollo legal en general en las jurisdicciones. Se termina el análisis en profundidad de la
situación de Argentina y proponer una modificación del Código Penal argentino.