Amr Al-Azm | United Kingdom | aalazm@shawnee.edu Professor, Shawnee State University Amr Al Azm was educated in the UK, reading Archaeology of Western Asiatics at University College, London and graduated with a doctoral degree in1991. He was the founder and Director of the Scientific and Conservation Laboratories at the General Department of Antiquities and Museums (1999-2004) and taught at the University of Damascus until 2006. From 2006-2009 he became a visiting Assistant Professor at Brigham Young University. Currently he is a Professor of Middle East History and Anthropology at Shawnee State University in Ohio. Whilst working in Syria Amr Al-Azm was a first hand observer and sometime participant of the reform processes instigated by Bashar Al-Assad thus gaining insights into how they were enacted and why more often than not they failed. Furthermore he is a keen follower and commentator on current events in Syria and the Middle East in general and has written articles in numerous journals, and major media outlets including guest editorials for the New York Times, Time Magazine and Foreign Policy. Amr Al-Azm is a founder and board member on The Day After project (TDA) and currently coordinates the Heritage Protection Initiative (HPI) for cultural heritage protection at the TDA. He is also a senior advisor the ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives team.
What Happens When Cultural Heritage Looters and Destroyers Decide to Become Carers and Preservers... more What Happens When Cultural Heritage Looters and Destroyers Decide to Become Carers and Preservers. To Loot or not to Loot: A New Modus Operandi for Armed Non-State Actors in Conflict Zones
Traditionally groups like Taliban in Afghanistan, Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq, and to a lesser extent Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS) in Idlib (Syria) are known for their destruction, looting and trafficking of cultural heritage materials. Such activity has been well documented and is part of their modus operandi (MO) of exploiting cultural heritage for profit and propaganda purposes. Recently however there has been a change in this MO to one where some of these groups are now presenting themselves as protectors of cultural heritage. Both the Taliban and HTS have been publicly promoting the importance of preservation for archaeological sites and monuments, museums, etc. Breaking international isolation and legitimization both internally and externally are high priorities for both groups. Acquiring this through a shift in MO towards cultural heritage is the most likely reason for this change. This in turn is raising ethical questions for the international community on how to respond to the new development. Should they accept this change of heart at face value and work with these entities despite their history or is this change a cynical ploy by these groups to find new means of exploiting cultural heritage for financial profit and legitimization of their control over territory and should therefore be ignored.
This chapter analyzes the major transformations that Qatar’s economy went through during the 2017... more This chapter analyzes the major transformations that Qatar’s economy went through during the 2017 Gulf crisis. This chapter argues that the Gulf crisis has proved to be a “blessing in disguise.” Qatar confronted unprecedented economic challenges immediately after the blockade, which forced it to take three broad policy initiatives: domestic production, trade diversification and crisis management strategy. This broad policy shift spawns immediate benefits for the country in managing the crisis effectively as well as in making the country resilient to international shocks, whether it is the COVID-19 pandemic or Ukraine war.
Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nat... more Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nation’s diverse cultures and vital to national identity. Yet this heritage is increasingly coming under threat from ongoing regional conflicts resulting in an unprecedented surge in looting and trafficking in cultural heritage materials throughout the region. Furthermore, social media has led to the exponential growth of this illicit trade of antiquities where an international network of traffickers, traders and terrorists utilize online platforms for the auctioning and sale of cultural goods. This paper seeks to address a number of questions pertaining to the evolving relationship of Gulf states and societies to cultural heritage (museums, private collections, etc.) and the international laws and conventions protecting them. The extent of trafficking that occurs in the region and changing attitudes to it.
Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nat... more Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nation’s diverse cultures and vital to national identity. Yet this heritage is increasingly coming under threat from ongoing regional conflicts resulting in an unprecedented surge in looting and trafficking in cultural heritage materials throughout the region. Furthermore, social media has led to the exponential growth of this illicit trade of antiquities where an international network of traffickers, traders and terrorists utilize online platforms for the auctioning and sale of cultural goods. This paper seeks to address a number of questions pertaining to the evolving relationship of Gulf states and societies to cultural heritage (museums, private collections, etc.) and the international laws and conventions protecting them. The extent of trafficking that occurs in the region and changing attitudes to it.
The Antiquities Coalition, Asia Society, and Middle East Institute convened the #CultureUnderThre... more The Antiquities Coalition, Asia Society, and Middle East Institute convened the #CultureUnderThreat Task Force to counter these threats to our world heritage and national security. The Task Force brings together leaders from the heritage, law enforcement, legal, military, and security communities. This is the first time such a diverse group of experts has come together to develop such a comprehensive range of solutions. Our joint task force report—#CultureUnderThreat: Recommendations for the U.S. Government—details the current situation and puts forward 31 specific recommendations to address the ongoing crisis. It calls for new policies, practices, and priorities for the United States to implement, both on its own and in conjunction with the international community and private sector. These include steps that can be taken by the Obama Administration, Congress, United Nations, and the art market.
... Beyond Old Borders Donna Oglesby, pointing to the limits of military power in dealing with fr... more ... Beyond Old Borders Donna Oglesby, pointing to the limits of military power in dealing with fragmenting states, persuasively calls for cultural dialogue ... Secretary of State Adams Stimson strides into his huge, elegant eighth-floor office with its views of the Potomac, the Tidal Basin ...
What Happens When Cultural Heritage Looters and Destroyers Decide to Become Carers and Preservers... more What Happens When Cultural Heritage Looters and Destroyers Decide to Become Carers and Preservers. To Loot or not to Loot: A New Modus Operandi for Armed Non-State Actors in Conflict Zones
Traditionally groups like Taliban in Afghanistan, Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq, and to a lesser extent Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS) in Idlib (Syria) are known for their destruction, looting and trafficking of cultural heritage materials. Such activity has been well documented and is part of their modus operandi (MO) of exploiting cultural heritage for profit and propaganda purposes. Recently however there has been a change in this MO to one where some of these groups are now presenting themselves as protectors of cultural heritage. Both the Taliban and HTS have been publicly promoting the importance of preservation for archaeological sites and monuments, museums, etc. Breaking international isolation and legitimization both internally and externally are high priorities for both groups. Acquiring this through a shift in MO towards cultural heritage is the most likely reason for this change. This in turn is raising ethical questions for the international community on how to respond to the new development. Should they accept this change of heart at face value and work with these entities despite their history or is this change a cynical ploy by these groups to find new means of exploiting cultural heritage for financial profit and legitimization of their control over territory and should therefore be ignored.
This chapter analyzes the major transformations that Qatar’s economy went through during the 2017... more This chapter analyzes the major transformations that Qatar’s economy went through during the 2017 Gulf crisis. This chapter argues that the Gulf crisis has proved to be a “blessing in disguise.” Qatar confronted unprecedented economic challenges immediately after the blockade, which forced it to take three broad policy initiatives: domestic production, trade diversification and crisis management strategy. This broad policy shift spawns immediate benefits for the country in managing the crisis effectively as well as in making the country resilient to international shocks, whether it is the COVID-19 pandemic or Ukraine war.
Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nat... more Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nation’s diverse cultures and vital to national identity. Yet this heritage is increasingly coming under threat from ongoing regional conflicts resulting in an unprecedented surge in looting and trafficking in cultural heritage materials throughout the region. Furthermore, social media has led to the exponential growth of this illicit trade of antiquities where an international network of traffickers, traders and terrorists utilize online platforms for the auctioning and sale of cultural goods. This paper seeks to address a number of questions pertaining to the evolving relationship of Gulf states and societies to cultural heritage (museums, private collections, etc.) and the international laws and conventions protecting them. The extent of trafficking that occurs in the region and changing attitudes to it.
Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nat... more Abstract Cultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nation’s diverse cultures and vital to national identity. Yet this heritage is increasingly coming under threat from ongoing regional conflicts resulting in an unprecedented surge in looting and trafficking in cultural heritage materials throughout the region. Furthermore, social media has led to the exponential growth of this illicit trade of antiquities where an international network of traffickers, traders and terrorists utilize online platforms for the auctioning and sale of cultural goods. This paper seeks to address a number of questions pertaining to the evolving relationship of Gulf states and societies to cultural heritage (museums, private collections, etc.) and the international laws and conventions protecting them. The extent of trafficking that occurs in the region and changing attitudes to it.
The Antiquities Coalition, Asia Society, and Middle East Institute convened the #CultureUnderThre... more The Antiquities Coalition, Asia Society, and Middle East Institute convened the #CultureUnderThreat Task Force to counter these threats to our world heritage and national security. The Task Force brings together leaders from the heritage, law enforcement, legal, military, and security communities. This is the first time such a diverse group of experts has come together to develop such a comprehensive range of solutions. Our joint task force report—#CultureUnderThreat: Recommendations for the U.S. Government—details the current situation and puts forward 31 specific recommendations to address the ongoing crisis. It calls for new policies, practices, and priorities for the United States to implement, both on its own and in conjunction with the international community and private sector. These include steps that can be taken by the Obama Administration, Congress, United Nations, and the art market.
... Beyond Old Borders Donna Oglesby, pointing to the limits of military power in dealing with fr... more ... Beyond Old Borders Donna Oglesby, pointing to the limits of military power in dealing with fragmenting states, persuasively calls for cultural dialogue ... Secretary of State Adams Stimson strides into his huge, elegant eighth-floor office with its views of the Potomac, the Tidal Basin ...
At least 15 mosques in the city of Fallujah, Anbar Governorate were damaged or occupied by milita... more At least 15 mosques in the city of Fallujah, Anbar Governorate were damaged or occupied by military forces between May 22 (the beginning of the recapture of Fallujah from ISIL militants) and June 28, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0019).
A suicide bomber targeted the Sunni al-Nour Mosque in Abu Ghraib District, Baghdad Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0020).
An ISIL suicide bomber targeted the Shiite Imam Ahmad Shrine in Tuz Kharmutu, Salah ad Din Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0021).
A newly released ISIL propaganda video shows the destruction of Palmyrene artifacts and mummies at the Palmyra Museum (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0043 UPDATE).
New DigitalGlobe satellite imagery indicates the Russian military presence within the Northern Necropolis at Palmyra has decreased (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0065 UPDATE).
Further analysis of the airstrike damage to the Byzantine site of Qalaat Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0094 UPDATE).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged two mosques in al-Bara, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0095).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged al-Iman Mosque in Quriyah, Deir ez Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0096).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes damaged a mosque and Sufi tomb in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0097).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Foqani Mosque in Hbit, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0098).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged five mosques in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0099).
Alleged SARG and opposition shelling damaged three mosques in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0100).
Alleged opposition shelling damaged St. Demetrius Church in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0101).
Recent DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows the complete destruction of the Nergal Gate at the ar... more Recent DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows the complete destruction of the Nergal Gate at the archaeological site of Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
Update on the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0013 UPDATE).
New information shows two additional mosques were damaged (allegedly by the Popular Mobilization Front) in al-Karmah District, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0015 UPDATE).
Members of the Shia Popular Mobilization Front allegedly damaged a mosque in al-Saqlawiyah, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0018).
Video footage published by the ISIL-affiliated Amaq News Agency shows recruitment of men by ISIL militants in two mosques in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0085).
Alleged SARG barrel bombs severely damaged al-Mustafa Mosque in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0086).
SARG and Russian airstrikes allegedly damaged three mosques in the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0087).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Masri Mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0088).
An alleged Russian airstrike damaged al-Kabir Mosque in Urum al-Kubra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0089).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Rahman Mosque in Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0090).
An alleged US-led coalition airstrike allegedly damaged Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Tilalyan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0091).
Newly published video footage shows damage to Khaled Bin al-Walid Mosque in Hraitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0092).
New DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows ongoing illegal excavations at the archaeological site of Apamea, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0093).
An alleged SARG airstrikes caused unspecified damage to Qalaat Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0094). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery and new photographs demonstrate the continued expansion of the Rus... more DigitalGlobe satellite imagery and new photographs demonstrate the continued expansion of the Russian military base within the Northern Necropolis at Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0065 UPDATE).
New video footage reveals extensive damage to al-Kabir Mosque in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate. Alleged SARG shelling damaged al-Huda Mosque in Khan al-Sheih, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0072).
A car bombing and alleged SARG airstrikes damaged six mosques in the city of Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0073).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged four mosques in Sukhna, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0074).
Ongoing alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged Amer Abu Obaida Ibn al-Jarah Mosque and Hamza bin Abd al-Muttaleb Mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0075).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Saad bin Mouath Mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0076).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes caused undetermined damage to al-Halisat Mosque in Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0077).
Alleged SARG airstrikes caused extensive damage to al-Kabir Mosque in Ma’arat Misreen, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0078).
Alleged SARG airstrikes severely damaged Abu Bakr al-Sedeiq Mosque in Theiban, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0079).
Alleged Russian airstrikes damaged al-Farouq Mosque in Daret Izzah, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0080).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Hamza bin Abd al-Muttaleb Mosque in Hayan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0081).
An alleged SARG barrel bombing damaged Abu Bakr al-Sedeiq Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0082).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged Jaafar bin Abi Taleb Mosque and Sahib bin Sinan al-Roumi Mosque in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0083).
Alleged Opposition shelling damaged the Armenian Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity and Our Lady of Joy Armenian School in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0084).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery confirms reported damage to al-Farouq Mosque in Kubaysa, Anbar Governorate by suspected US-led coalition airstrikes in March 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0008 UPDATE).
New video footage released by ISIL shows destruction and damage to the Adad, Mashki, and Nergal Gates at Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
The Shia Popular Mobilization Front allegedly destroyed al-Kabir Mosque and Ibrahim al-Hassoun Mosque in Karmah, Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0015).
Probable US-led coalition airstrikes damaged al-Mudallal Mosque in Fallujah, Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0016).
New video footage released by ISIL shows the destruction of part of the Temple of Nabu at Nimrud, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0017).
Aerial bombardment shows ongoing airstrikes in the vicinity of al-Kabir Mosque in the village of ... more Aerial bombardment shows ongoing airstrikes in the vicinity of al-Kabir Mosque in the village of Deir al-Asafir, Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0009 UPDATE).
New footage reveals the extent of damage to the Church of the Virgin Mary in the village of Tel Nasri, Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0032).
A Russian military base has been constructed within the Northern Necropolis at Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0065).
Airstrikes damage UNESCO World Heritage Site Deir Semaan in Deir Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0066). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
Ongoing airstrikes damage Al Kabir Mosque in the town of As-Sukhna, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0067).
Mortar shells struck and damaged the St. George Church in the city of Hasakah, Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0068).
Alleged SARG barrel bombs damage Abi bin Abi Talib Mosque in the village of Burj al Qa’ei, Homs Governorate, Syria (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0069).
Airstrikes struck and damaged the fence of the Idlib Museum in the city of Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0070).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damage Al Bara bin Malek Mosque, Ammar Bin Yasser Mosque, Salah ad Din Mosque, and Khalid Ibn Al-Walid Mosque in and around the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0071).
New ISIL propaganda photographs show the destruction of the Mashki and Adad Gates at the ancient city of Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes struck and damaged Al-Raqib Mosque in the city of Fallujah, Al Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0014).
New photographs show damage to Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Dumeir, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR ... more New photographs show damage to Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Dumeir, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0045 UPDATE).
Aerial bombardment and clashes between armed groups damaged eight mosques in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0060).
An alleged SARG airstrike reportedly damaged the Iman Mosque in Deir ez-Zor, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0061).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damage the Idlib Museum, Al-Jawari Mosque, and Omari Mosque in Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0062).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Al-Ma’aara Museum in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0063). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced two reports on the damage and subsequent cleanup of the museum.
Alleged SARG airstrike damaged Sheikh Shuayab Mosque in Binnish, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0064).
New satellite imagery confirms that ISIL militants have leveled several gates of Nineveh in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
New satellite imagery shows ongoing damage to the site of Nineveh, including the ongoing looting and destruction of the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0013).
A report by The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative details to Ebla in Syria (ASOR CHI Incid... more A report by The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative details to Ebla in Syria (ASOR CHI Incidient Report SHI 15-0150 and Appended TDA Report).
In-country sources in Syria report on the condition of Tell al-Atarib in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0151) and the Tomb of Omar Bin Abdul Aziz in Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0152).
ISIL releases video of executions at Qaalat al-‐Rahbeh (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0153).
Russian airstrikes and clashes between ISIL militants and pro-‐Assad forces in and near Tadmor/Palmyra cause extensive damage in the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0155).
SARG airstrikes continue in the governorates of Damascus, and Homs. Russian airstrikes continue in the governorates of Aleppo, Damascus, Hama, Homs, Idlib, and Latakia.
Religious heritage sites were damaged by airstrikes in the regions of Hama (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0154), Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0156), and Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0157)
Ongoing airstrikes on the city of Aleppo, including portions of the Old City, caused extensive damage and high civilian casualties.
Iraqi armed forces continue their efforts to retake the city of Ramadi from ISIL militants.
The ... more Iraqi armed forces continue their efforts to retake the city of Ramadi from ISIL militants.
The Al Kabir Mosque in Hamima near Aleppo was damaged by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0158).
Sheikh Yassine Mosque in the village of Al Najiyeh in Idlib Governorate was damaged by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0159). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a brief, illustrated report on the damage to the site.
An ISIL-affiliated suicide bomber attacked the Ahlu al-Baiyt Mosque in Baghdad (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0100).
Airstrikes land near the Mosque Tekkiye al-Suleimaniye and National Museum of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0161).
SARG airstrikes cause partial damage to the Bilal Mosque and Abi Thar Al Ghafari Mosque in Tadmor, Syria (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160).
The DGAM reports on-going illegal excavations, construction, and vandalism in several Dead Cities (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0162).
The DGAM reports ongoing illegal excavation at sites in southern Quneitra, particularly at Majduliyah (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0163).
Airstrikes damage the Al Kabir Mosque and Al Zawyeh Mosque in Saraqib in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0164). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a brief, illustrated report on the damage to the Al Zawyeh Mosque in Saraqib.
The DGAM reports ongoing illegal excavation at sites in Jebel Wastani, in particular that of Kefert Aqab in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0165).
The Bosra al-Sham Department of Antiquities reported that SARG forces dropped barrel bombs on the Ayyubid Citadel and Roman Theater in Bosra (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0166).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows ongoing military occupation of Tell Jifar near Apamea (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0167) in Hama Governorate and Tell Jindires in the Aleppo countryside (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0168).
ISIL forced prisoners to destroy cemeteries in Mosul (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0101).
The... more ISIL forced prisoners to destroy cemeteries in Mosul (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0101).
The Bosra al-Sham Department of Antiquities posted additional photographs of the damage to the citadel caused by recent SARG barrel bombings (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0166 UPDATE).
Russian airstrikes damaged or destroyed a mosque in Kansafra, Jebel Zawiya in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0169).
Regime forces severely damaged the Al Turkman Mosque in Jisr Al Shoughour city in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0170). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
Russian airstrikes caused severe damage to Batul Mosque in the Zebdiya neighborhood of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0171).
ISIL bombed ten Assyrian homes and a monastery in the village of Tel Keppe in northern Iraq (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0102).
ISIL destroyed and looted multiple sites to create military positions against Iraqi forces around the ancient site of Qalat Sharqat, also known as Ashur (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0103).
The Omar bin al-Khattab Mosque in Ma’arat el-Artiq in Aleppo Governorate was damaged by a Russian airstrike (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0001).
Three Sunni mosques in Iraq, including the Ammar bin Yasser Mosque and al-Fath al-Mubeen/Fateh Mosque in Babil Governorate, were bombed and partially destroyed (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0001) .
Shia militias attacked several Sunni mosques in the city of Muqdadiya, Diyala Governorate (ASOR C... more Shia militias attacked several Sunni mosques in the city of Muqdadiya, Diyala Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0002).
Russian airstrikes damaged the interior of Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque in Bayanoun Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0002).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged two mosques in Aleppo city including the Abdullah bin Abbas Mosque and the Agha Jaq Mosque (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0003).
DGAM reported illegal excavation, looting, and illegal construction in Quneitra Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0004).
Regime airstrikes damaged the Aisha Mosque in the city of Deir ez-Zor (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0005).
Regime shelling severely damaged Al Hadi Mosque in Babeis Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0006).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged al-Kabir Mosque in Mu’arrassat al Khan Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0007).
Regime airstrikes targeted Al Kabir Mosque in Al Mouzra village in Idlib Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0008).
Regime warplanes fired missiles on al-Kabir Mosque in Deir al-Asafir village in Damascus Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0009).
Regime shelling damaged an unidentified mosque in Zamalka in Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0010).
Opposition forces shelled the First Armenian Evangelical Church of Emmanuel in Azizeyah Neighborhood in Aleppo City in Aleppo Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report 16-0011).
An intentional fire caused extensive damage to Imam Hassan Shrine in the district of Laylan, sout... more An intentional fire caused extensive damage to Imam Hassan Shrine in the district of Laylan, southeast of the city of Kirkuk, Kirkuk Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0003).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged Al Nour Mosque in the town of Al Boleel, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0012).
DGAM reported structural damage to the Daraa National Museum caused by mortar shells fired by armed groups (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0013).
Regime and Russian airstrikes cause damage to Hinni Mosque in the Old City of Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0014).
Russian airstrikes damaged Abu Bakr Al Sedeiq Mosque in the city of Al Bab, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0015).
Regime airstrikes caused damage to five columns in the archaeological site of Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0016). ISIL carried out three bombings near the Sayyida Zeinab Shrine, Damascus Governorate, causing no reported damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0017).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two reports on the Al-Ma’aara Museum and the Citadel in the city of Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Reports).
Recent photographs and video of the Aleppo Citadel show the severity of the damage to the area (A... more Recent photographs and video of the Aleppo Citadel show the severity of the damage to the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0018).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced a report on the damage to the Al Adiliah Mosque located southwest of the Aleppo Citadel (Appended TDA Report).
Russian airstrikes damage the al-Hamza Mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0019).
SARG airstrikes damage the Sidiq Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0020).
The Raqqa Cultural Center in Raqqa Governorate hit by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0021).
Russian bombardment damages the Al-Khayrat Mosque in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0022).
DGAM shows evidence of damage to Qalaat Saladin in Latakia Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0023).
SARG airstrikes damage the al-Farooq Mosque in Masqan (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0024) and the Al-Kabir Mosque in Hayyan (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0025) in Aleppo Governorate.
SARG missiles allegedly damage columns in the Roman theater in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0026).
DigitalGlobe imagery shows Nineveh (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0097 UPDATE) and the Nebi Yunus Mosque Complex (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0004) in Mosul further damaged by development.
SARG airstrikes damage the Al-Nasr Mosque in Gharnata, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0027).
SARG bombardment damages the Abu Bakr al-Sideiq in Kafr Zaita, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0028).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two reports on the archaeological site of Apamea, Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Report).
A photograph shows damage to al-Saha Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Repor... more A photograph shows damage to al-Saha Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0051).
A church converted into a gym by ISIL militants in Shaddadi, Al Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0052).
A reported SARG airstrike damaged the al-Gharbi Mosque in Tamanaa, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0053).
An alleged SARG airstrike severely damaged the Khaled Bin Al Walid Mosque in al-Eis, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0054).
SARG forces reportedly occupy the al-Ghoufran Mosque in Damascus, Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0055).
An alleged SARG airstrike struck an area near al-Firdous Mosque and a car bomb of unknown origin detonated near al-Nur Mosque in Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0056).
Reported SARG airstrikes damaged Uthman bin Affan Mosque and al-Nur Mosque, severely damaging both mosques in Ter Maalah, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0057).
An electrical fire caused severe damage to Suq Asruniyeh, Suq Meskiyeh, and Othman Bank in Old Damascus, Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0058).
A reported SARG airstrike damaged the Zaid bin Haritha Mosque in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate on April 22, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0059).
ASOR CHI received confirmation that ISIL militants bulldozed several of the ancient gates of Nineveh in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate in mid-April (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010).
The Malthai Rock Reliefs located in Dohuk Governorate were vandalized for a second time (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0011).
Shelling of unknown origin damaged al-Firdous Mosque in Fallujah, Al Anbar Governorate on April 15, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0012).
New video and photographs emerge of Deir Mar Elian Monastery in al-Qaryatayn emerge after pro-reg... more New video and photographs emerge of Deir Mar Elian Monastery in al-Qaryatayn emerge after pro-regime forces captured the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0123 UPDATE).
New video footage of Bilal Mosque in the city of Tadmor, showing extensive damage, was recorded on April 5, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160 UPDATE).
New footage shows ongoing looting at the site of Rafid on April 9, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0004 UPDATE).
Images from the UNESCO World Heritage site of Palmyra and the museum continue to emerge as civilians gain access the site (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0041 UPDATE and ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0043 UPDATE).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery of Palmyra from March 30, 2016 shows many more tombs have been destroyed than previously reported (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0044).
SARG airstrikes damage four mosques in Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0045).
The al-Nur Mosque in the city of Raqqa was damaged, reportedly by US-led coalition airstrikes, on April 1, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0046).
Looting and illegal excavations in the Bosra Roman ruins continues (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0047).
The al-Kabir Mosque in the town of Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate was damaged by a car bomb (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0048).
The Church of the Child Jesus in Tadmor, Homs Governorate was damaged (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0049).
The Sheikh Saeed Mosque in Saraqib, Idlib Governorate was reportedly damaged by SARG airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0050).
SARG and Russian forces capture Palmyra from ISIL militants, providing the most comprehensive pho... more SARG and Russian forces capture Palmyra from ISIL militants, providing the most comprehensive photographic documentation of the historic site and its museum since the ISIL occupation started in May 2015 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0041, SHI 16-0042, and SHI 16-0043).
The Uthman bin Affan Mosque and Bilal ibn Rabia Mosque in Tadmor, Homs Governorate was damaged, reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0039).
Two sites in the city of Raqqa, a market near Hattin Cemetery and an area near al-Imam al-Nawawi Mosque, were damaged reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0038).
The al-Sayyida Aisha Mosque in the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate was damaged reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0040).
Reportedly damage the Al Aisha Mosque in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate reportedly by US-led Coalition airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0009).
Recent video shows the damage to the al-Kabir Mosque in Hayan, Aleppo Governorate, which was dest... more Recent video shows the damage to the al-Kabir Mosque in Hayan, Aleppo Governorate, which was destroyed on February 10, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0025 UPDATE).
DGAM reports illegal ongoing excavations at the Dead Cities of Dahes, Babisqa, and Dar Qita in the Jebel Barisha area of Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0034).
Several sources reported damage to the archaeological area of Palmyra, the Qalaat Shirkuh, and the Sayyeda Khadija Mosque in modern Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0035).
Video footage shows damage to two churches in Raqqa, which were first damaged in September 2013, which are now occupied by ISIL (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0036).
A new video of the Abi Thar Al Ghafari Mosque in Tadmor, Homs Governorate, reportedly struck by SARG missiles in December 2015, shows the extent of the damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160 UPDATE).
DGAM reports illegal excavation with heavy machinery has caused significant damage at the archaeological site of Tell Ajaja in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0037).
Coalition airstrikes caused extensive damage to al-Farouq Mosque in Kubaysah, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0008).
The Malthai Rock Reliefs in Dahuk were vandalized by graffiti (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-00... more The Malthai Rock Reliefs in Dahuk were vandalized by graffiti (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0005).
Two ISIL suicide bombings damaged the Shia Rasul al-Azam Mosque in Baghdad (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0006).
An ISIL suicide bomber attacked a Shia mosque in Muqdadiyah, Diyala Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0007).
Russian airstrikes damaged the al-Souq Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0029).
Aerial bombardment damages two mosques in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0030).
A series of four suicide bombings occurred near the Shrine of Sayyida Zainab in Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0031).
ISIL militants damaged or destroyed at least 19 Assyrian churches along the Khabur River in Hasakah Governorate since early 2015 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0032).
Russian airstrikes damaged a mosque in Dar Ta’izzah, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0033).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two condition assessments on heritage assets in Jaradeh and Serjilla in Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Reports #1 and #2).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative also conducted a rapid site assessment to document damage caused by Russian airstrikes around the site of Ebla (Appended TDA Report #3).
New photographs from Fallujah, al-Anbar Governorate reveal damage to three mosques (ASOR CHI Inci... more New photographs from Fallujah, al-Anbar Governorate reveal damage to three mosques (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0019 UPDATE).
Members of the Popular Mobilization Forces are accused of damaging at least six mosques in Fallujah following the recapture of the city from ISIL militants (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0022).
ISIL militants allegedly attacked the Mausoleum of Sayyid Muhammad bin Ali al-Hadi in Balad, Salah ad Din Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0023).
Unknown attackers firebombed and vandalized Mar Sharbel Syrian Orthodox Church in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0010).
New video footage shows damage to al-Bara bin Malek Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0071 UPDATE).
New video footage shows damage to Abu Bakr al-Sideiq Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0082 UPDATE).
New video footage has emerged of damage to Khaled bin al-Walid Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0092 UPDATE).
New videos and photographs of damage to four mosques in Hreitan have been published on Youtube and Instagram (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0102).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged al-Musafir Mosque in Ghernata, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0103).
At least eight mosques in Manbij were damaged between January 2014 and July 2016, allegedly by ISIL militants, Syrian Democratic Forces, and US-led coalition airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0104).
The National Museum of Aleppo was severely damaged by shelling (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0105).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Omar bin al-Khattab Mosque in Deir ez Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0106).
The DGAM discovered several large looting tunnels at Tell Taban in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0107).
Alleged Russian airstrikes damaged a cemetery and Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Kafr Hamra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108).
Alleged SARG and Russian shelling damaged four mosques in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0109).
Construction of a multi-lane road and irrigation trench through a section of the ancient site of ... more Construction of a multi-lane road and irrigation trench through a section of the ancient site of Nineveh in ISIL-occupied Mosul was completed in June 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0097 UPDATE).
New looting tunnels have been identified at the site of Nineveh using DigitalGlobe satellite imagery (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
Iraqi Government airstrikes reportedly damaged several mosques in Fallujah, al-Anbar Governorate between 2014 and 2016, before the start of the campaign to retake the city from ISIL militants in May 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0024).
Iraqi Government airstrikes allegedly destroyed al-Habib Muhammad Mosque in Hit District, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0025).
Local activist groups published new photographs of damage to al-Fatah Mosque in Manbij, Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0104 UPDATE).
Local activist published new videos of damage to a cemetery and mosque in Kafr Hamra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108 UPDATE).
An ARA News article provided more details of the July 17-18, 2016 attack on Mar Sharbel Syrian Orthodox Church in the village of al-Witwitiyah, al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108 UPDATE).
A Russian airstrike allegedly damaged Musaib bin Umeer Mosque in al-Tabqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0111).
SARG and Russian airstrikes allegedly damaged seven mosques in the city of Idlib on July 22, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0112).
A SARG helicopter allegedly dropped a barrel bomb on a mosque and rocket-propelled grenades damaged a second mosque in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0113).
The DGAM reported severe damage to the entrance of the Aleppo Museum in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0114).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged Aqil ibn Abi Talib Mosque in the suburbs of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0115).
Mortar fire allegedly originating from opposition territory struck and damaged a restaurant located in an historic building in the Old City of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0116).
Two ISIL suicide bombings damaged Qasemo Mosque in al-Qamishli, al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0117).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged al-Sheikh Khalil Mosque in the city of Daraa (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0118).
SARG airstrikes reportedly hit the Byzantine site of Shinsharah in Idlib Governorate, causing unknown damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0119).
US-led coalition airstrikes have destroyed or damaged many buildings on the Mosul University camp... more US-led coalition airstrikes have destroyed or damaged many buildings on the Mosul University campus, some of which were reportedly being used by ISIL militants (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0026).
ISIL militants reportedly destroyed a 10th-century CE Syrian Orthodox Church in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate in order to expand a nearby mosque (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0027).
New video footage shows damage to a mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate, reportedly the result of a SARG airstrike earlier in 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0120).
Video footage shows the current status of a historic bath complex and mosque in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate following the expulsion of ISIL militants from the city (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0121).
Video footage shows mortar fire striking the minarets of two mosques in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0122).
A SARG airstrike reportedly damaged a 12th-century CE mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0123).
SARG forces allegedly detonated explosives on the Citadel of Aleppo, damaging fortification walls and the Citadel Museum (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0124).
DGAM reports looting at several archaeological sites in the al-Hawl region of al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0125).
Alleged Russian airstrike damaged a church in the city of Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0126).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged a mosque in Teir Ma’ala, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0127).
Reported SARG airstrikes damaged two mosques in the city of Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0128).
A Russian airstrike allegedly damaged a mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0129).
Video footage shows IDPs living in the ruins of Byzantine buildings in Bariqa, Quneitra Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0130).
SARG or Russian airstrikes allegedly destroyed a cultural center and a mosque in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0131).
Recent video footage and eyewitness accounts detailed damage to three churches located in Sinjar,... more Recent video footage and eyewitness accounts detailed damage to three churches located in Sinjar, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0028).
Peshmerga forces discovered that ISIL militants dug tunnels and installed showers in a mosque in Abzakh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0029).
New video footage shows extensive damage to a cemetery in Arbin, Rif Dimashq Governorate, reportedly the result of SARG airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0132).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged a mosque in Khan al-Shieh, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0133).
Allegedly, a SARG barrel bomb and Russian cluster bomb damaged a mosque and religious school in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0134).
The DGAM published photographs of extensive damage to two historic buildings in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0135).
New video footage shows damage to a mosque in Damascus, reportedly the result of ongoing SARG military activity in the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0136).
ISIL militants vandalized the exterior of a mosque in Djerablus, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0137).
The Gulf Research Meeting (GRM) 2023 call for papers is out and we have a workshop (8) on cultura... more The Gulf Research Meeting (GRM) 2023 call for papers is out and we have a workshop (8) on cultural heritage scheduled in it. The title of our workshop 8 is: Cultural Heritage in the Gulf-Emerging Trends, Identity Politics, Challenges and Concerns. I have attached the workshop description for you as well. If you are interested in joining us then please submit an abstract no later than February the 24 th (the sooner, the better though) through the GRM website portal indicated below.
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Papers by Amr Al-Azm
To Loot or not to Loot: A New Modus Operandi for Armed Non-State Actors in Conflict Zones
Traditionally groups like Taliban in Afghanistan, Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq, and to a lesser extent Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS) in Idlib (Syria) are known for their destruction, looting and trafficking of cultural heritage materials. Such activity has been well documented and is part of their modus operandi (MO) of exploiting cultural heritage for profit and propaganda purposes.
Recently however there has been a change in this MO to one where some of these groups are now presenting themselves as protectors of cultural heritage. Both the Taliban and HTS have been publicly promoting the importance of preservation for archaeological sites and monuments, museums, etc.
Breaking international isolation and legitimization both internally and externally are high priorities for both groups. Acquiring this through a shift in MO towards cultural heritage is the most likely reason for this change.
This in turn is raising ethical questions for the international community on how to respond to the new development. Should they accept this change of heart at face value and work with these entities despite their history or is this change a cynical ploy by these groups to find new means of exploiting cultural heritage for financial profit and legitimization of their control over territory and should therefore be ignored.
To Loot or not to Loot: A New Modus Operandi for Armed Non-State Actors in Conflict Zones
Traditionally groups like Taliban in Afghanistan, Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq, and to a lesser extent Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS) in Idlib (Syria) are known for their destruction, looting and trafficking of cultural heritage materials. Such activity has been well documented and is part of their modus operandi (MO) of exploiting cultural heritage for profit and propaganda purposes.
Recently however there has been a change in this MO to one where some of these groups are now presenting themselves as protectors of cultural heritage. Both the Taliban and HTS have been publicly promoting the importance of preservation for archaeological sites and monuments, museums, etc.
Breaking international isolation and legitimization both internally and externally are high priorities for both groups. Acquiring this through a shift in MO towards cultural heritage is the most likely reason for this change.
This in turn is raising ethical questions for the international community on how to respond to the new development. Should they accept this change of heart at face value and work with these entities despite their history or is this change a cynical ploy by these groups to find new means of exploiting cultural heritage for financial profit and legitimization of their control over territory and should therefore be ignored.
A suicide bomber targeted the Sunni al-Nour Mosque in Abu Ghraib District, Baghdad Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0020).
An ISIL suicide bomber targeted the Shiite Imam Ahmad Shrine in Tuz Kharmutu, Salah ad Din Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0021).
A newly released ISIL propaganda video shows the destruction of Palmyrene artifacts and mummies at the Palmyra Museum (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0043 UPDATE).
New DigitalGlobe satellite imagery indicates the Russian military presence within the Northern Necropolis at Palmyra has decreased (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0065 UPDATE).
Further analysis of the airstrike damage to the Byzantine site of Qalaat Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0094 UPDATE).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged two mosques in al-Bara, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0095).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged al-Iman Mosque in Quriyah, Deir ez Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0096).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes damaged a mosque and Sufi tomb in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0097).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Foqani Mosque in Hbit, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0098).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged five mosques in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0099).
Alleged SARG and opposition shelling damaged three mosques in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0100).
Alleged opposition shelling damaged St. Demetrius Church in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0101).
Update on the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0013 UPDATE).
New information shows two additional mosques were damaged (allegedly by the Popular Mobilization Front) in al-Karmah District, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0015 UPDATE).
Members of the Shia Popular Mobilization Front allegedly damaged a mosque in al-Saqlawiyah, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0018).
Video footage published by the ISIL-affiliated Amaq News Agency shows recruitment of men by ISIL militants in two mosques in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0085).
Alleged SARG barrel bombs severely damaged al-Mustafa Mosque in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0086).
SARG and Russian airstrikes allegedly damaged three mosques in the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0087).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Masri Mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0088).
An alleged Russian airstrike damaged al-Kabir Mosque in Urum al-Kubra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0089).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged al-Rahman Mosque in Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0090).
An alleged US-led coalition airstrike allegedly damaged Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Tilalyan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0091).
Newly published video footage shows damage to Khaled Bin al-Walid Mosque in Hraitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0092).
New DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows ongoing illegal excavations at the archaeological site of Apamea, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0093).
An alleged SARG airstrikes caused unspecified damage to Qalaat Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0094). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
New video footage reveals extensive damage to al-Kabir Mosque in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate. Alleged SARG shelling damaged al-Huda Mosque in Khan al-Sheih, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0072).
A car bombing and alleged SARG airstrikes damaged six mosques in the city of Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0073).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged four mosques in Sukhna, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0074).
Ongoing alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged Amer Abu Obaida Ibn al-Jarah Mosque and Hamza bin Abd al-Muttaleb Mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0075).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Saad bin Mouath Mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0076).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes caused undetermined damage to al-Halisat Mosque in Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0077).
Alleged SARG airstrikes caused extensive damage to al-Kabir Mosque in Ma’arat Misreen, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0078).
Alleged SARG airstrikes severely damaged Abu Bakr al-Sedeiq Mosque in Theiban, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0079).
Alleged Russian airstrikes damaged al-Farouq Mosque in Daret Izzah, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0080).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Hamza bin Abd al-Muttaleb Mosque in Hayan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0081).
An alleged SARG barrel bombing damaged Abu Bakr al-Sedeiq Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0082).
Alleged SARG and Russian airstrikes damaged Jaafar bin Abi Taleb Mosque and Sahib bin Sinan al-Roumi Mosque in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0083).
Alleged Opposition shelling damaged the Armenian Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity and Our Lady of Joy Armenian School in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0084).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery confirms reported damage to al-Farouq Mosque in Kubaysa, Anbar Governorate by suspected US-led coalition airstrikes in March 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0008 UPDATE).
New video footage released by ISIL shows destruction and damage to the Adad, Mashki, and Nergal Gates at Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
The Shia Popular Mobilization Front allegedly destroyed al-Kabir Mosque and Ibrahim al-Hassoun Mosque in Karmah, Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0015).
Probable US-led coalition airstrikes damaged al-Mudallal Mosque in Fallujah, Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0016).
New video footage released by ISIL shows the destruction of part of the Temple of Nabu at Nimrud, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0017).
New footage reveals the extent of damage to the Church of the Virgin Mary in the village of Tel Nasri, Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0032).
A Russian military base has been constructed within the Northern Necropolis at Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0065).
Airstrikes damage UNESCO World Heritage Site Deir Semaan in Deir Semaan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0066). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
Ongoing airstrikes damage Al Kabir Mosque in the town of As-Sukhna, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0067).
Mortar shells struck and damaged the St. George Church in the city of Hasakah, Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0068).
Alleged SARG barrel bombs damage Abi bin Abi Talib Mosque in the village of Burj al Qa’ei, Homs Governorate, Syria (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0069).
Airstrikes struck and damaged the fence of the Idlib Museum in the city of Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0070).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damage Al Bara bin Malek Mosque, Ammar Bin Yasser Mosque, Salah ad Din Mosque, and Khalid Ibn Al-Walid Mosque in and around the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0071).
New ISIL propaganda photographs show the destruction of the Mashki and Adad Gates at the ancient city of Nineveh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
Alleged US-led coalition airstrikes struck and damaged Al-Raqib Mosque in the city of Fallujah, Al Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0014).
Aerial bombardment and clashes between armed groups damaged eight mosques in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0060).
An alleged SARG airstrike reportedly damaged the Iman Mosque in Deir ez-Zor, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0061).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damage the Idlib Museum, Al-Jawari Mosque, and Omari Mosque in Idlib, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0062).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Al-Ma’aara Museum in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0063). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced two reports on the damage and subsequent cleanup of the museum.
Alleged SARG airstrike damaged Sheikh Shuayab Mosque in Binnish, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0064).
New satellite imagery confirms that ISIL militants have leveled several gates of Nineveh in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
New satellite imagery shows ongoing damage to the site of Nineveh, including the ongoing looting and destruction of the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0013).
In-country sources in Syria report on the condition of Tell al-Atarib in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0151) and the Tomb of Omar Bin Abdul Aziz in Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0152).
ISIL releases video of executions at Qaalat al-‐Rahbeh (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0153).
Russian airstrikes and clashes between ISIL militants and pro-‐Assad forces in and near Tadmor/Palmyra cause extensive damage in the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0155).
SARG airstrikes continue in the governorates of Damascus, and Homs.
Russian airstrikes continue in the governorates of Aleppo, Damascus, Hama, Homs, Idlib, and Latakia.
Religious heritage sites were damaged by airstrikes in the regions of Hama (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0154), Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0156), and Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-‐0157)
Ongoing airstrikes on the city of Aleppo, including portions of the Old City, caused extensive damage and high civilian casualties.
The Al Kabir Mosque in Hamima near Aleppo was damaged by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0158).
Sheikh Yassine Mosque in the village of Al Najiyeh in Idlib Governorate was damaged by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0159). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a brief, illustrated report on the damage to the site.
An ISIL-affiliated suicide bomber attacked the Ahlu al-Baiyt Mosque in Baghdad (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0100).
Airstrikes land near the Mosque Tekkiye al-Suleimaniye and National Museum of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0161).
SARG airstrikes cause partial damage to the Bilal Mosque and Abi Thar Al Ghafari Mosque in Tadmor, Syria (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160).
The DGAM reports on-going illegal excavations, construction, and vandalism in several Dead Cities (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0162).
The DGAM reports ongoing illegal excavation at sites in southern Quneitra, particularly at Majduliyah (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0163).
Airstrikes damage the Al Kabir Mosque and Al Zawyeh Mosque in Saraqib in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0164). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a brief, illustrated report on the damage to the Al Zawyeh Mosque in Saraqib.
The DGAM reports ongoing illegal excavation at sites in Jebel Wastani, in particular that of Kefert Aqab in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0165).
The Bosra al-Sham Department of Antiquities reported that SARG forces dropped barrel bombs on the Ayyubid Citadel and Roman Theater in Bosra (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0166).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery shows ongoing military occupation of Tell Jifar near Apamea (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0167) in Hama Governorate and Tell Jindires in the Aleppo countryside (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0168).
The Bosra al-Sham Department of Antiquities posted additional photographs of the damage to the citadel caused by recent SARG barrel bombings (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0166 UPDATE).
Russian airstrikes damaged or destroyed a mosque in Kansafra, Jebel Zawiya in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0169).
Regime forces severely damaged the Al Turkman Mosque in Jisr Al Shoughour city in Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0170). The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative has produced a report on the damage.
Russian airstrikes caused severe damage to Batul Mosque in the Zebdiya neighborhood of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0171).
ISIL bombed ten Assyrian homes and a monastery in the village of Tel Keppe in northern Iraq (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0102).
ISIL destroyed and looted multiple sites to create military positions against Iraqi forces around the ancient site of Qalat Sharqat, also known as Ashur (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0103).
The Omar bin al-Khattab Mosque in Ma’arat el-Artiq in Aleppo Governorate was damaged by a Russian airstrike (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0001).
Three Sunni mosques in Iraq, including the Ammar bin Yasser Mosque and al-Fath al-Mubeen/Fateh Mosque in Babil Governorate, were bombed and partially destroyed (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0001) .
Russian airstrikes damaged the interior of Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque in Bayanoun Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0002).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged two mosques in Aleppo city including the Abdullah bin Abbas Mosque and the Agha Jaq Mosque (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0003).
DGAM reported illegal excavation, looting, and illegal construction in Quneitra Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0004).
Regime airstrikes damaged the Aisha Mosque in the city of Deir ez-Zor (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0005).
Regime shelling severely damaged Al Hadi Mosque in Babeis Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0006).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged al-Kabir Mosque in Mu’arrassat al Khan Town in Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0007).
Regime airstrikes targeted Al Kabir Mosque in Al Mouzra village in Idlib Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0008).
Regime warplanes fired missiles on al-Kabir Mosque in Deir al-Asafir village in Damascus Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0009).
Regime shelling damaged an unidentified mosque in Zamalka in Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0010).
Opposition forces shelled the First Armenian Evangelical Church of Emmanuel in Azizeyah Neighborhood in Aleppo City in Aleppo Governorate, causing severe damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report 16-0011).
Suspected Russian airstrikes damaged Al Nour Mosque in the town of Al Boleel, Deir ez-Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0012).
DGAM reported structural damage to the Daraa National Museum caused by mortar shells fired by armed groups (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0013).
Regime and Russian airstrikes cause damage to Hinni Mosque in the Old City of Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0014).
Russian airstrikes damaged Abu Bakr Al Sedeiq Mosque in the city of Al Bab, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0015).
Regime airstrikes caused damage to five columns in the archaeological site of Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0016).
ISIL carried out three bombings near the Sayyida Zeinab Shrine, Damascus Governorate, causing no reported damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0017).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two reports on the Al-Ma’aara Museum and the Citadel in the city of Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Reports).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced a report on the damage to the Al Adiliah Mosque located southwest of the Aleppo Citadel (Appended TDA Report).
Russian airstrikes damage the al-Hamza Mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0019).
SARG airstrikes damage the Sidiq Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0020).
The Raqqa Cultural Center in Raqqa Governorate hit by airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0021).
Russian bombardment damages the Al-Khayrat Mosque in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0022).
DGAM shows evidence of damage to Qalaat Saladin in Latakia Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0023).
SARG airstrikes damage the al-Farooq Mosque in Masqan (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0024) and the Al-Kabir Mosque in Hayyan (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0025) in Aleppo Governorate.
SARG missiles allegedly damage columns in the Roman theater in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0026).
DigitalGlobe imagery shows Nineveh (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 15-0097 UPDATE) and the Nebi Yunus Mosque Complex (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0004) in Mosul further damaged by development.
SARG airstrikes damage the Al-Nasr Mosque in Gharnata, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0027).
SARG bombardment damages the Abu Bakr al-Sideiq in Kafr Zaita, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0028).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two reports on the archaeological site of Apamea, Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Report).
A church converted into a gym by ISIL militants in Shaddadi, Al Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0052).
A reported SARG airstrike damaged the al-Gharbi Mosque in Tamanaa, Hama Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0053).
An alleged SARG airstrike severely damaged the Khaled Bin Al Walid Mosque in al-Eis, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0054).
SARG forces reportedly occupy the al-Ghoufran Mosque in Damascus, Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0055).
An alleged SARG airstrike struck an area near al-Firdous Mosque and a car bomb of unknown origin detonated near al-Nur Mosque in Raqqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0056).
Reported SARG airstrikes damaged Uthman bin Affan Mosque and al-Nur Mosque, severely damaging both mosques in Ter Maalah, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0057).
An electrical fire caused severe damage to Suq Asruniyeh, Suq Meskiyeh, and Othman Bank in Old Damascus, Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0058).
A reported SARG airstrike damaged the Zaid bin Haritha Mosque in Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate on April 22, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0059).
ASOR CHI received confirmation that ISIL militants bulldozed several of the ancient gates of Nineveh in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate in mid-April (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010).
The Malthai Rock Reliefs located in Dohuk Governorate were vandalized for a second time (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0011).
Shelling of unknown origin damaged al-Firdous Mosque in Fallujah, Al Anbar Governorate on April 15, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0012).
New video footage of Bilal Mosque in the city of Tadmor, showing extensive damage, was recorded on April 5, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160 UPDATE).
New footage shows ongoing looting at the site of Rafid on April 9, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0004 UPDATE).
Images from the UNESCO World Heritage site of Palmyra and the museum continue to emerge as civilians gain access the site (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0041 UPDATE and ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0043 UPDATE).
DigitalGlobe satellite imagery of Palmyra from March 30, 2016 shows many more tombs have been destroyed than previously reported (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0044).
SARG airstrikes damage four mosques in Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0045).
The al-Nur Mosque in the city of Raqqa was damaged, reportedly by US-led coalition airstrikes, on April 1, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0046).
Looting and illegal excavations in the Bosra Roman ruins continues (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0047).
The al-Kabir Mosque in the town of Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate was damaged by a car bomb (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0048).
The Church of the Child Jesus in Tadmor, Homs Governorate was damaged (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0049).
The Sheikh Saeed Mosque in Saraqib, Idlib Governorate was reportedly damaged by SARG airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0050).
The Uthman bin Affan Mosque and Bilal ibn Rabia Mosque in Tadmor, Homs Governorate was damaged, reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0039).
Two sites in the city of Raqqa, a market near Hattin Cemetery and an area near al-Imam al-Nawawi Mosque, were damaged reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0038).
The al-Sayyida Aisha Mosque in the city of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate was damaged reportedly by Russian airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0040).
Reportedly damage the Al Aisha Mosque in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate reportedly by US-led Coalition airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0009).
DGAM reports illegal ongoing excavations at the Dead Cities of Dahes, Babisqa, and Dar Qita in the Jebel Barisha area of Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0034).
Several sources reported damage to the archaeological area of Palmyra, the Qalaat Shirkuh, and the Sayyeda Khadija Mosque in modern Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0035).
Video footage shows damage to two churches in Raqqa, which were first damaged in September 2013, which are now occupied by ISIL (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0036).
A new video of the Abi Thar Al Ghafari Mosque in Tadmor, Homs Governorate, reportedly struck by SARG missiles in December 2015, shows the extent of the damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0160 UPDATE).
DGAM reports illegal excavation with heavy machinery has caused significant damage at the archaeological site of Tell Ajaja in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 15-0037).
Coalition airstrikes caused extensive damage to al-Farouq Mosque in Kubaysah, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0008).
Two ISIL suicide bombings damaged the Shia Rasul al-Azam Mosque in Baghdad (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0006).
An ISIL suicide bomber attacked a Shia mosque in Muqdadiyah, Diyala Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0007).
Russian airstrikes damaged the al-Souq Mosque in Palmyra, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0029).
Aerial bombardment damages two mosques in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0030).
A series of four suicide bombings occurred near the Shrine of Sayyida Zainab in Damascus Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0031).
ISIL militants damaged or destroyed at least 19 Assyrian churches along the Khabur River in Hasakah Governorate since early 2015 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0032).
Russian airstrikes damaged a mosque in Dar Ta’izzah, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0033).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two condition assessments on heritage assets in Jaradeh and Serjilla in Idlib Governorate (Appended TDA Reports #1 and #2).
The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative also conducted a rapid site assessment to document damage caused by Russian airstrikes around the site of Ebla (Appended TDA Report #3).
Members of the Popular Mobilization Forces are accused of damaging at least six mosques in Fallujah following the recapture of the city from ISIL militants (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0022).
ISIL militants allegedly attacked the Mausoleum of Sayyid Muhammad bin Ali al-Hadi in Balad, Salah ad Din Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0023).
Unknown attackers firebombed and vandalized Mar Sharbel Syrian Orthodox Church in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0010).
New video footage shows damage to al-Bara bin Malek Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0071 UPDATE).
New video footage shows damage to Abu Bakr al-Sideiq Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0082 UPDATE).
New video footage has emerged of damage to Khaled bin al-Walid Mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0092 UPDATE).
New videos and photographs of damage to four mosques in Hreitan have been published on Youtube and Instagram (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0102).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged al-Musafir Mosque in Ghernata, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0103).
At least eight mosques in Manbij were damaged between January 2014 and July 2016, allegedly by ISIL militants, Syrian Democratic Forces, and US-led coalition airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0104).
The National Museum of Aleppo was severely damaged by shelling (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0105).
Alleged SARG airstrikes damaged Omar bin al-Khattab Mosque in Deir ez Zor Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0106).
The DGAM discovered several large looting tunnels at Tell Taban in al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0107).
Alleged Russian airstrikes damaged a cemetery and Abu Bakr al-Sidiq Mosque in Kafr Hamra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108).
Alleged SARG and Russian shelling damaged four mosques in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0109).
New looting tunnels have been identified at the site of Nineveh using DigitalGlobe satellite imagery (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0010 UPDATE).
Iraqi Government airstrikes reportedly damaged several mosques in Fallujah, al-Anbar Governorate between 2014 and 2016, before the start of the campaign to retake the city from ISIL militants in May 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0024).
Iraqi Government airstrikes allegedly destroyed al-Habib Muhammad Mosque in Hit District, al-Anbar Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0025).
Local activist groups published new photographs of damage to al-Fatah Mosque in Manbij, Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0104 UPDATE).
Local activist published new videos of damage to a cemetery and mosque in Kafr Hamra, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108 UPDATE).
An ARA News article provided more details of the July 17-18, 2016 attack on Mar Sharbel Syrian Orthodox Church in the village of al-Witwitiyah, al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0108 UPDATE).
A Russian airstrike allegedly damaged Musaib bin Umeer Mosque in al-Tabqa, Raqqa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0111).
SARG and Russian airstrikes allegedly damaged seven mosques in the city of Idlib on July 22, 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0112).
A SARG helicopter allegedly dropped a barrel bomb on a mosque and rocket-propelled grenades damaged a second mosque in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0113).
The DGAM reported severe damage to the entrance of the Aleppo Museum in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0114).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged Aqil ibn Abi Talib Mosque in the suburbs of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0115).
Mortar fire allegedly originating from opposition territory struck and damaged a restaurant located in an historic building in the Old City of Damascus (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0116).
Two ISIL suicide bombings damaged Qasemo Mosque in al-Qamishli, al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0117).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged al-Sheikh Khalil Mosque in the city of Daraa (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0118).
SARG airstrikes reportedly hit the Byzantine site of Shinsharah in Idlib Governorate, causing unknown damage (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0119).
ISIL militants reportedly destroyed a 10th-century CE Syrian Orthodox Church in Mosul, Ninawa Governorate in order to expand a nearby mosque (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0027).
New video footage shows damage to a mosque in Hreitan, Aleppo Governorate, reportedly the result of a SARG airstrike earlier in 2016 (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0120).
Video footage shows the current status of a historic bath complex and mosque in Manbij, Aleppo Governorate following the expulsion of ISIL militants from the city (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0121).
Video footage shows mortar fire striking the minarets of two mosques in Daraya, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0122).
A SARG airstrike reportedly damaged a 12th-century CE mosque in Ma’arat al-Numan, Idlib Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0123).
SARG forces allegedly detonated explosives on the Citadel of Aleppo, damaging fortification walls and the Citadel Museum (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0124).
DGAM reports looting at several archaeological sites in the al-Hawl region of al-Hasakah Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0125).
Alleged Russian airstrike damaged a church in the city of Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0126).
A SARG airstrike allegedly damaged a mosque in Teir Ma’ala, Homs Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0127).
Reported SARG airstrikes damaged two mosques in the city of Idlib (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0128).
A Russian airstrike allegedly damaged a mosque in Anadan, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0129).
Video footage shows IDPs living in the ruins of Byzantine buildings in Bariqa, Quneitra Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0130).
SARG or Russian airstrikes allegedly destroyed a cultural center and a mosque in the city of Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0131).
Peshmerga forces discovered that ISIL militants dug tunnels and installed showers in a mosque in Abzakh, Ninawa Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report IHI 16-0029).
New video footage shows extensive damage to a cemetery in Arbin, Rif Dimashq Governorate, reportedly the result of SARG airstrikes (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0132).
An alleged SARG airstrike damaged a mosque in Khan al-Shieh, Rif Dimashq Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0133).
Allegedly, a SARG barrel bomb and Russian cluster bomb damaged a mosque and religious school in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0134).
The DGAM published photographs of extensive damage to two historic buildings in Aleppo (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0135).
New video footage shows damage to a mosque in Damascus, reportedly the result of ongoing SARG military activity in the area (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0136).
ISIL militants vandalized the exterior of a mosque in Djerablus, Aleppo Governorate (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 16-0137).