BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains a serious health problem among children under five years (U5y) in t... more BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains a serious health problem among children under five years (U5y) in the world. Though diarrhoea is a preventable disease, U5y are often at high risk to diarrhoea infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of diarrhoeal disease among children U5y, in Mataniko informal settlements, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted at three out of the six randomly selected Mataniko informal settlements situated along the Mataniko River corridor, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Caregivers with children U5y were included in this study. A total of 205 caregivers being interviewed using a pre-tested survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, followed by binary logistic regression to explore the relationship between the investigated variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that 45.9% of all caregivers had repor...
Background Hemodialysis may have serious psychological impact upon patients suffering from chroni... more Background Hemodialysis may have serious psychological impact upon patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of hemodialysis on the wellbeing of individuals with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Result A sample consists of (N = 100) CKD patients referred from neurology ward of Leady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Data was collected from both male (50%) and female (50%) in 2017. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of pre-set criteria. In group I, individuals with 4–5 stage of CKD referred first time for dialysis treatment were recruited. Group II comprised of CKD patients with 1–3 stage. Demographic data sheet, Pakistan Anxiety and Depression, WHO Quality of Life scale, and Perceived Social support scale (PSS) were used to test the hypotheses. Paired sample t test was use to see the difference between pre- and post-analysis of depression, anxiety, QOL, and PSS in group I (experimental group). Results sugges...
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventio... more Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventional treatment such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy has decreased the mortality rate among cancer patients but has also revealed long-term side effects. Drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells compound the problems associated with the use of modern medicines. Hence, complementary or alternative treatment options are being explored. The current study, using different homeopathic potencies of Hydrastis canadensis, was conducted to distinguish between any effects they might have on hormone-dependent and independent breast cancer. Materials and Methods The cytotoxic effect of homeopathic medicine Hydrastis on hormone-dependent (MCF 7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cells was assessed using viability and colony-forming assays after 48 or 72 hours of treatment. Flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PI (propidium iodide), caspase 3 and cell cycle analysis was...
Ferrocene-cored dendrimers incorporating 1,2-isopropylidenefuranose capped furanoside branches we... more Ferrocene-cored dendrimers incorporating 1,2-isopropylidenefuranose capped furanoside branches were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were studied. It was observed that the dendritic environment in the ferrocene dendrimers increased the E 1/2 values with increase in bulk of the dendrimer, as expected. The reversible nature of the redox process was maintained in all the dendrimers.
Introduction: Fiji experienced a dengue serotype 3 outbreak in 2013-14 with a higher number of fa... more Introduction: Fiji experienced a dengue serotype 3 outbreak in 2013-14 with a higher number of fatalities compared to an earlier outbreak of similar intensity. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with dengue mortality during the 2014 outbreak. Methods: A matched case control study was conducted. Cases were patients who died of dengue (n=30) and controls were patients with laboratory confirmed dengue who were hospitalized and survived (n=90). A standardized data collection form was used to extract information from medical folders. Findings: In this study predictors of dengue death included, haemorrhagic manifestations (odds ratio(OR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09,6.36), abdominal tenderness (OR 4.32, 95%CI 1.10,17.03), leucocytosis (OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.29,29.74) and serum creatinine > 150mg/dl (OR 6.19, 95%CI 1.29,29.74) at admission and development of shock (OR 40.05, 95%CI 5.26,305.19) during hospital stay. Living in urban location was also associ...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research
Effect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in ... more Effect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in liver and kidney of 5 week of swiss albino rat was studied for different period of exposure. The enzyme activity increased due to congestion, biliary hindrance and hyperplasia swelling of renal tubules and vacuolization. Phosphatase testing is used to assess enzymatic damage caused by kidney disease, liver disease, or a heart attack. Primary site of organochlorine storage in the body is adipose tissue. It is metabolized in the liver as a lipophilic xenobiotic to hepatotoxic intermediates by mono-oxygenase systems which cause oxidative stress. Increase in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity is due to leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm and renal necrosis and pyknotic nuclei.Endosulphan effects the biomarker of albino rat.
Using convenient stratification criteria such as geographical regions or other natural conditions... more Using convenient stratification criteria such as geographical regions or other natural conditions like age, gender, etc., is not beneficial in order to maximize the precision of the estimates of variables of interest. Thus, one has to look for an efficient stratification design to divide the whole population into homogeneous strata that achieves higher precision in the estimation. In this paper, a procedure for determining Optimum Stratum Boundaries (OSB) and Optimum Sample Sizes (OSS) for each stratum of a variable of interest in health surveys is developed. The determination of OSB and OSS based on the study variable is not feasible in practice since the study variable is not available prior to the survey. Since many variables in health surveys are generally skewed, the proposed technique considers the readily-available auxiliary variables to determine the OSB and OSS. This stratification problem is formulated into a Mathematical Programming Problem (MPP) that seeks minimization o...
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains a serious health problem among children under five years (U5y) in t... more BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains a serious health problem among children under five years (U5y) in the world. Though diarrhoea is a preventable disease, U5y are often at high risk to diarrhoea infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of diarrhoeal disease among children U5y, in Mataniko informal settlements, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted at three out of the six randomly selected Mataniko informal settlements situated along the Mataniko River corridor, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Caregivers with children U5y were included in this study. A total of 205 caregivers being interviewed using a pre-tested survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, followed by binary logistic regression to explore the relationship between the investigated variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that 45.9% of all caregivers had repor...
Background Hemodialysis may have serious psychological impact upon patients suffering from chroni... more Background Hemodialysis may have serious psychological impact upon patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of hemodialysis on the wellbeing of individuals with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Result A sample consists of (N = 100) CKD patients referred from neurology ward of Leady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Data was collected from both male (50%) and female (50%) in 2017. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of pre-set criteria. In group I, individuals with 4–5 stage of CKD referred first time for dialysis treatment were recruited. Group II comprised of CKD patients with 1–3 stage. Demographic data sheet, Pakistan Anxiety and Depression, WHO Quality of Life scale, and Perceived Social support scale (PSS) were used to test the hypotheses. Paired sample t test was use to see the difference between pre- and post-analysis of depression, anxiety, QOL, and PSS in group I (experimental group). Results sugges...
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventio... more Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventional treatment such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy has decreased the mortality rate among cancer patients but has also revealed long-term side effects. Drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells compound the problems associated with the use of modern medicines. Hence, complementary or alternative treatment options are being explored. The current study, using different homeopathic potencies of Hydrastis canadensis, was conducted to distinguish between any effects they might have on hormone-dependent and independent breast cancer. Materials and Methods The cytotoxic effect of homeopathic medicine Hydrastis on hormone-dependent (MCF 7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cells was assessed using viability and colony-forming assays after 48 or 72 hours of treatment. Flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PI (propidium iodide), caspase 3 and cell cycle analysis was...
Ferrocene-cored dendrimers incorporating 1,2-isopropylidenefuranose capped furanoside branches we... more Ferrocene-cored dendrimers incorporating 1,2-isopropylidenefuranose capped furanoside branches were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were studied. It was observed that the dendritic environment in the ferrocene dendrimers increased the E 1/2 values with increase in bulk of the dendrimer, as expected. The reversible nature of the redox process was maintained in all the dendrimers.
Introduction: Fiji experienced a dengue serotype 3 outbreak in 2013-14 with a higher number of fa... more Introduction: Fiji experienced a dengue serotype 3 outbreak in 2013-14 with a higher number of fatalities compared to an earlier outbreak of similar intensity. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with dengue mortality during the 2014 outbreak. Methods: A matched case control study was conducted. Cases were patients who died of dengue (n=30) and controls were patients with laboratory confirmed dengue who were hospitalized and survived (n=90). A standardized data collection form was used to extract information from medical folders. Findings: In this study predictors of dengue death included, haemorrhagic manifestations (odds ratio(OR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09,6.36), abdominal tenderness (OR 4.32, 95%CI 1.10,17.03), leucocytosis (OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.29,29.74) and serum creatinine > 150mg/dl (OR 6.19, 95%CI 1.29,29.74) at admission and development of shock (OR 40.05, 95%CI 5.26,305.19) during hospital stay. Living in urban location was also associ...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research
Effect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in ... more Effect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in liver and kidney of 5 week of swiss albino rat was studied for different period of exposure. The enzyme activity increased due to congestion, biliary hindrance and hyperplasia swelling of renal tubules and vacuolization. Phosphatase testing is used to assess enzymatic damage caused by kidney disease, liver disease, or a heart attack. Primary site of organochlorine storage in the body is adipose tissue. It is metabolized in the liver as a lipophilic xenobiotic to hepatotoxic intermediates by mono-oxygenase systems which cause oxidative stress. Increase in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity is due to leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm and renal necrosis and pyknotic nuclei.Endosulphan effects the biomarker of albino rat.
Using convenient stratification criteria such as geographical regions or other natural conditions... more Using convenient stratification criteria such as geographical regions or other natural conditions like age, gender, etc., is not beneficial in order to maximize the precision of the estimates of variables of interest. Thus, one has to look for an efficient stratification design to divide the whole population into homogeneous strata that achieves higher precision in the estimation. In this paper, a procedure for determining Optimum Stratum Boundaries (OSB) and Optimum Sample Sizes (OSS) for each stratum of a variable of interest in health surveys is developed. The determination of OSB and OSS based on the study variable is not feasible in practice since the study variable is not available prior to the survey. Since many variables in health surveys are generally skewed, the proposed technique considers the readily-available auxiliary variables to determine the OSB and OSS. This stratification problem is formulated into a Mathematical Programming Problem (MPP) that seeks minimization o...
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