Quantum Informatics for Cognitive, Social, and Semantic Processes: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium, 2010
Separability is a concept that is very difficult to define, and yet much of our scientific method... more Separability is a concept that is very difficult to define, and yet much of our scientific method is implicitly based upon the assumption that systems can sensibly be reduced to a set of interacting components. This paper examines the notion of separability in the creation of bi-ambiguous compounds that is based upon the CHSH and CH inequalities. It reports re-sults of an experiment showing that violations of the CHSH and CH inequality can occur in human conceptual combina-tion.
The new Process Physics models reality as self-organising relational information and takes accoun... more The new Process Physics models reality as self-organising relational information and takes account of the limitations of logic, discovered by Godel and extended by Chaitin, by using the concept of self-referential noise. Space and quantum physics are emergent and unified, and described by a Quantum Homotopic Field Theory of fractal topological defects embedded in a three dimensional fractal process-space.
2010 International Conference on Information Retrieval & Knowledge Management (CAMP), 2010
Consider the concept combination ¿pet human¿. Human subjects readily ascribe the property ¿slave¿... more Consider the concept combination ¿pet human¿. Human subjects readily ascribe the property ¿slave¿ to this combination when it is not an associate ascribed to ¿pet¿, or ¿human¿ in isolation. Such emergent associations sometimes have a creative character and cognitive science is largely silent about how we produce them. Departing from a three-level model of cognition, this presentation will explore concept combinations, and will argue emergent associations are a result of abductive reasoning within conceptual space, that is, below the symbolic level of cognition. A tensor based approach is used to model concept combinations allowing such combinations to be conceived as interacting quantum systems. Free association norm data is used to motivate the underlying basis of the conceptual space. In this way it will be shown how some concept combinations behave like quantum-entangled particles, and empirical experiments will be reported which attempt to verify the existence of non-separable concept combinations in cognition. It is conjectured there may be a connection between the nonseparability of a concept combination and its propensity to yield emergent associates. Broadly speaking, this presentation takes the position that emergent technologies for ¿exploring the invisible world¿ will need to be aligned with human cognition and that quantum models of cognition may provide an innovative and fruitful theoretical basis for such emergent technologies.
Page 1. This is the author's version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub-lication ... more Page 1. This is the author's version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub-lication in the following source: Kitto, Kirsty, Boschetti, Fabio, & Bruza, Peter D. (2011) The geometric modelling of social frames and contexts. ...
ABSTRACT Compositionality is a frequently made assumption in linguistics, and yet many human subj... more ABSTRACT Compositionality is a frequently made assumption in linguistics, and yet many human subjects reveal highly non-compositional word associations when confronted with novel concept combinations. This article will show how a non-compositional account of concept combinations can be supplied by modelling them as interacting quantum systems.
ABSTRACT Modelling how a word is activated in human memory is an important requirement for determ... more ABSTRACT Modelling how a word is activated in human memory is an important requirement for determining the probability of recall of a word in an extra-list cueing experiment. Previous research assumed a quantum-like model in which the semantic network was modelled as entangled qubits, however the level of activation was clearly being overestimated. This paper explores three variations of this model, each of which are distinguished by a scaling factor designed to compensate the overestimation.
Consider the concept combination ‘pet human’. In word association experiments, human subjects pro... more Consider the concept combination ‘pet human’. In word association experiments, human subjects produce the associate ‘slave’ in relation to this combination. The striking aspect of this associate is that it is not produced as an associate of ‘pet’, or ‘human’ in isolation. In other words, the associate ‘slave’ seems to be emergent. Such emergent associations sometimes have a creative character and cognitive science is largely silent about how we produce them. Departing from a dimensional model of human conceptual space, this article will explore concept combinations, and will argue that emergent associations are a result of abductive reasoning within conceptual space, that is, below the symbolic level of cognition. A tensor-based approach is used to model concept combinations allowing such combinations to be formalized as interacting quantum systems. Free association norm data is used to motivate the underlying basis of the conceptual space. It is shown by analogy how some concept combinations may behave like quantum-entangled (non-separable) particles. Two methods of analysis were presented for empirically validating the presence of non-separable concept combinations in human cognition. One method is based on quantum theory and another based on comparing a joint (true theoretic) probability distribution with another distribution based on a separability assumption using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Although these methods were inconclusive in relation to an empirical study of bi-ambiguous concept combinations, avenues for further refinement of these methods are identified.
Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrase... more Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrases utilised in everyday language. This article provides a novel probabilistic framework for assessing whether the semantics of conceptual combinations are compositional, and so can be considered as a function of the semantics of the constituent concepts, or not. While the systematicity and productivity of language provide a strong argument in favor of assuming compositionality, this very assumption is still regularly questioned in both cognitive science and philosophy. Additionally, the principle of semantic compositionality is underspecified, which means that notions of both "strong" and "weak" compositionality appear in the literature. Rather than adjudicating between different grades of compositionality, the framework presented here contributes formal methods for determining a clear dividing line between compositional and non-compositional semantics. In addition, we suggest that the distinction between these is contextually sensitive. Compositionality is equated with a joint probability distribution modeling how the constituent concepts in the combination are interpreted. Marginal selectivity is introduced as a pivotal probabilistic constraint for the application of the Bell/CH and CHSH systems of inequalities. Non-compositionality is equated with a failure of marginal selectivity, or violation of either system of inequalities in the presence of marginal selectivity. This means that the conceptual combination cannot be modeled in a joint probability distribution, the variables of which correspond to how the constituent concepts are being interpreted. The formal analysis methods are demonstrated by applying
them to an empirical illustration of twenty-four non-lexicalised conceptual combinations.
Proceedins of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge - LAK '14, 2014
ABSTRACT Incorporating a learner's level of cognitive processing into Learning Analytics ... more ABSTRACT Incorporating a learner's level of cognitive processing into Learning Analytics presents opportunities for obtaining rich data on the learning process. We propose a framework called COPA that provides a basis for mapping levels of cognitive operation into a learning analytics system. We utilise Bloom's taxonomy, a theoretically respected conceptualisation of cognitive processing, and apply it in a flexible structure that can be implemented incrementally and with varying degree of complexity within an educational organisation. We outline how the framework is applied, and its key benefits and limitations. Finally, we apply COPA to a University undergraduate unit, and demonstrate its utility in identifying key missing elements in the structure of the course.
In this third Quantum Interaction (QI) meeting it is time to examine our failures. One of the wea... more In this third Quantum Interaction (QI) meeting it is time to examine our failures. One of the weakest elements of QI as a field, arises in its continuing lack of models displaying proper evolutionary dynamics. This paper presents an overview of the modern generalised ...
Quantum Informatics for Cognitive, Social, and Semantic Processes: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium, 2010
Separability is a concept that is very difficult to define, and yet much of our scientific method... more Separability is a concept that is very difficult to define, and yet much of our scientific method is implicitly based upon the assumption that systems can sensibly be reduced to a set of interacting components. This paper examines the notion of separability in the creation of bi-ambiguous compounds that is based upon the CHSH and CH inequalities. It reports re-sults of an experiment showing that violations of the CHSH and CH inequality can occur in human conceptual combina-tion.
The new Process Physics models reality as self-organising relational information and takes accoun... more The new Process Physics models reality as self-organising relational information and takes account of the limitations of logic, discovered by Godel and extended by Chaitin, by using the concept of self-referential noise. Space and quantum physics are emergent and unified, and described by a Quantum Homotopic Field Theory of fractal topological defects embedded in a three dimensional fractal process-space.
2010 International Conference on Information Retrieval & Knowledge Management (CAMP), 2010
Consider the concept combination ¿pet human¿. Human subjects readily ascribe the property ¿slave¿... more Consider the concept combination ¿pet human¿. Human subjects readily ascribe the property ¿slave¿ to this combination when it is not an associate ascribed to ¿pet¿, or ¿human¿ in isolation. Such emergent associations sometimes have a creative character and cognitive science is largely silent about how we produce them. Departing from a three-level model of cognition, this presentation will explore concept combinations, and will argue emergent associations are a result of abductive reasoning within conceptual space, that is, below the symbolic level of cognition. A tensor based approach is used to model concept combinations allowing such combinations to be conceived as interacting quantum systems. Free association norm data is used to motivate the underlying basis of the conceptual space. In this way it will be shown how some concept combinations behave like quantum-entangled particles, and empirical experiments will be reported which attempt to verify the existence of non-separable concept combinations in cognition. It is conjectured there may be a connection between the nonseparability of a concept combination and its propensity to yield emergent associates. Broadly speaking, this presentation takes the position that emergent technologies for ¿exploring the invisible world¿ will need to be aligned with human cognition and that quantum models of cognition may provide an innovative and fruitful theoretical basis for such emergent technologies.
Page 1. This is the author's version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub-lication ... more Page 1. This is the author's version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub-lication in the following source: Kitto, Kirsty, Boschetti, Fabio, & Bruza, Peter D. (2011) The geometric modelling of social frames and contexts. ...
ABSTRACT Compositionality is a frequently made assumption in linguistics, and yet many human subj... more ABSTRACT Compositionality is a frequently made assumption in linguistics, and yet many human subjects reveal highly non-compositional word associations when confronted with novel concept combinations. This article will show how a non-compositional account of concept combinations can be supplied by modelling them as interacting quantum systems.
ABSTRACT Modelling how a word is activated in human memory is an important requirement for determ... more ABSTRACT Modelling how a word is activated in human memory is an important requirement for determining the probability of recall of a word in an extra-list cueing experiment. Previous research assumed a quantum-like model in which the semantic network was modelled as entangled qubits, however the level of activation was clearly being overestimated. This paper explores three variations of this model, each of which are distinguished by a scaling factor designed to compensate the overestimation.
Consider the concept combination ‘pet human’. In word association experiments, human subjects pro... more Consider the concept combination ‘pet human’. In word association experiments, human subjects produce the associate ‘slave’ in relation to this combination. The striking aspect of this associate is that it is not produced as an associate of ‘pet’, or ‘human’ in isolation. In other words, the associate ‘slave’ seems to be emergent. Such emergent associations sometimes have a creative character and cognitive science is largely silent about how we produce them. Departing from a dimensional model of human conceptual space, this article will explore concept combinations, and will argue that emergent associations are a result of abductive reasoning within conceptual space, that is, below the symbolic level of cognition. A tensor-based approach is used to model concept combinations allowing such combinations to be formalized as interacting quantum systems. Free association norm data is used to motivate the underlying basis of the conceptual space. It is shown by analogy how some concept combinations may behave like quantum-entangled (non-separable) particles. Two methods of analysis were presented for empirically validating the presence of non-separable concept combinations in human cognition. One method is based on quantum theory and another based on comparing a joint (true theoretic) probability distribution with another distribution based on a separability assumption using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Although these methods were inconclusive in relation to an empirical study of bi-ambiguous concept combinations, avenues for further refinement of these methods are identified.
Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrase... more Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrases utilised in everyday language. This article provides a novel probabilistic framework for assessing whether the semantics of conceptual combinations are compositional, and so can be considered as a function of the semantics of the constituent concepts, or not. While the systematicity and productivity of language provide a strong argument in favor of assuming compositionality, this very assumption is still regularly questioned in both cognitive science and philosophy. Additionally, the principle of semantic compositionality is underspecified, which means that notions of both "strong" and "weak" compositionality appear in the literature. Rather than adjudicating between different grades of compositionality, the framework presented here contributes formal methods for determining a clear dividing line between compositional and non-compositional semantics. In addition, we suggest that the distinction between these is contextually sensitive. Compositionality is equated with a joint probability distribution modeling how the constituent concepts in the combination are interpreted. Marginal selectivity is introduced as a pivotal probabilistic constraint for the application of the Bell/CH and CHSH systems of inequalities. Non-compositionality is equated with a failure of marginal selectivity, or violation of either system of inequalities in the presence of marginal selectivity. This means that the conceptual combination cannot be modeled in a joint probability distribution, the variables of which correspond to how the constituent concepts are being interpreted. The formal analysis methods are demonstrated by applying
them to an empirical illustration of twenty-four non-lexicalised conceptual combinations.
Proceedins of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge - LAK '14, 2014
ABSTRACT Incorporating a learner's level of cognitive processing into Learning Analytics ... more ABSTRACT Incorporating a learner's level of cognitive processing into Learning Analytics presents opportunities for obtaining rich data on the learning process. We propose a framework called COPA that provides a basis for mapping levels of cognitive operation into a learning analytics system. We utilise Bloom's taxonomy, a theoretically respected conceptualisation of cognitive processing, and apply it in a flexible structure that can be implemented incrementally and with varying degree of complexity within an educational organisation. We outline how the framework is applied, and its key benefits and limitations. Finally, we apply COPA to a University undergraduate unit, and demonstrate its utility in identifying key missing elements in the structure of the course.
In this third Quantum Interaction (QI) meeting it is time to examine our failures. One of the wea... more In this third Quantum Interaction (QI) meeting it is time to examine our failures. One of the weakest elements of QI as a field, arises in its continuing lack of models displaying proper evolutionary dynamics. This paper presents an overview of the modern generalised ...
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them to an empirical illustration of twenty-four non-lexicalised conceptual combinations.
them to an empirical illustration of twenty-four non-lexicalised conceptual combinations.