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ABSTRACT 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate various levels of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) on performance and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat- or maize-based diets. 2. Treatments consisted of two... more
ABSTRACT 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate various levels of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) on performance and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat- or maize-based diets. 2. Treatments consisted of two cereals (maize- or wheat-based diets) and three levels of SKEO)0, 250 and 500 mg/kg). 3. Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) decreased in broilers fed on the wheat-based diets compared to the control diet. Dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg SKEO increased FI and BWG. Dietary SKEO supplementation was effective in improving FI and BWG only in wheat-based diets and was effective in improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) in both diets. 4. Dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg SKEO caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Also, plasma low-density lipoprotein concentration was decreased in broilers fed on 250 and 500 mg/kg of SKEO. Plasma cholesterol levels in birds fed on the wheat-based diets were lower than in those fed on maize-based diets. 5. Dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg SKEO increased caecal population of Lactobacillus and reduced total bacterial and Escherichia coli count. Caecal population of Lactobacillus decreased in broilers fed on the wheat-based diets. 6. Digesta viscosity was increased in broilers fed on the wheat-based diets and decreased in broilers fed on 500 mg/kg SKEO compared to the control diet. Dietary SKEO supplementation was effective in reducing digesta viscosity values only in wheat-based diets. 7. Villus height of the duodenum and jejunum decreased in broilers fed on the wheat-based diets. Dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg SKEO increased villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratios and decreased crypt depth of the duodenum compared to the control diet. 8. It can be concluded that dietary SKEO supplementation was effective in improving FI, BWG and FCR values in wheat-based diets.
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Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) is one of the most widely cultivated oilseeds in the world and ranks third in importance as a source of vegetable oil. As an alternative to fats and oils, full-fat oilseeds such as soybean seed are used to... more
Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) is one of the most widely cultivated oilseeds in the world and ranks third in importance as a source of vegetable oil. As an alternative to fats and oils, full-fat oilseeds such as soybean seed are used to replace the supplemented fats and oils in broiler diets. However, soybean seed has anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, which need further processing, thus increasing the cost of soybean seed. Among the various oilseeds available on the market, full-fat sunflower seed (FFSS) contains more ether extract (EE) and is available at a relatively low price. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of FFSS (that FFSS had 18% CP, 38% EE, 14.3% CF, and 3868 kcal/kg ME) on performance of broiler chickens.
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This study investigated the effects of partially replacing barley grains with sugar beet pulp (SBP), with and without roasted canola seed (RCS) on ruminal pH, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, ruminal histomorphometric... more
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing barley grains with sugar beet pulp (SBP), with and without roasted canola seed (RCS) on ruminal pH, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, ruminal histomorphometric characteristics, and performance in finishing lambs fed a high concentrate diet. Twenty-four Arabian male lambs (23.7 ± 2.5 kg bodyweight, 118 ± 10 days in age) were used for 99 days in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Lambs were fed with a high concentrate diet containing (1) 68% barley (B) (2) barley plus 7% RCS (B + RCS) (3) 36% SBP, (4) SBP plus 7% RCS (SBP + RCS). Ruminal fluid pH and VFA concentrations were determined at 0, 2, 4 and 8 h post-feeding 1 day before slaughter day. Tissue samples were collected for histomorphometric study at slaughter day. Average daily gain of the lambs was not affected by partial replacement of barley with SBP, however it was improved by RCS inclusion (P < 0.05). Diets with RCS h...
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ABSTRACT In search for bacterial cultures that are able to rapidly degrade cellulosic plant fibres in vitro, 77 cellulolytic strains were isolated from Belgian and Czech soils after enrichment on flax or sisal fibres as sole sources of... more
ABSTRACT In search for bacterial cultures that are able to rapidly degrade cellulosic plant fibres in vitro, 77 cellulolytic strains were isolated from Belgian and Czech soils after enrichment on flax or sisal fibres as sole sources of carbon. The strains were characterized using fatty acid analysis, and 74 strains were grouped into three major clusters by numerical analysis. The first major cluster contained Cellulomonas strains. Within this cluster three subclusters could be delineated by principal component analysis, that were recognized by their fatty acid compositions as Cellulomonas gelida, Cellulomonas biazotea and Cellulomonas cellulans, containing 9, 8 and 13 strains respectively. The second major cluster, with 9 strains, was assigned to Flavobacterium johnsoniae. The 34 strains of the third cluster could not be identified by commercial identification systems on the basis of their fatty acid profiles and API 20NE profiles. On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics they met the description of the genus Cellvibrio, their fatty acid profiles were similar to those of four authentic Cellvibrio mixtus strains, and the 16S rRNA genes from four representatives showed up to 97.8% sequence similarity to 16S rDNA from Cellvibrio mixtus ACM 2603. Three non-clustered strains were assigned to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Achromobacter piechaudii and Pseudomonas mendocina. Two strains assigned to Cellvibrio were able to degrade several flax, broom and cotton fibres very rapidly in a standardized in vitro test, causing mass losses of 40 to 86% within 13 days of incubation, but not jute.
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of cadmium on fermentation characterization and nutrient digestibility using dual flow continuous culture system. Eight dual-flow, continuous culture fermenters... more
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of cadmium on fermentation characterization and nutrient digestibility using dual flow continuous culture system. Eight dual-flow, continuous culture fermenters were used in 2 replicated periods of 10 d (7 d of adaptation and 3 d of sampling). Fermenters were inoculated with a composited ruminal fluid from 3 beef steers fed a high concentrate diet for at least 2 mo before the beginning of the trial. Anaerobic conditions were maintained by the infusion of N2 at a rate of 40 mL/min. Temperature (38.5°C) and liquid (10%/h) and solid (5%/h) dilution rates were kept constant. Fermenters were fed daily with 120 g dry matter in three equal portions. Treatments arranged as complete randomized block design with control and addition three levels of cadmium (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l) to the high concentrate diet (15:85 forage to concentrate ratio). Organic matter, dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibility significantly decreased...
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Although conventional livestock farming has been successful at production and cost-benefits rate however, besides these successes, modern livestock system, also, created ethical, social and environmental challenge. In other words, it is... more
Although conventional livestock farming has been successful at production and cost-benefits rate however, besides these successes, modern livestock system, also, created ethical, social and environmental challenge. In other words, it is really unsuccessful at the issues of environmentally friendly production, animal health and animal welfare. In this situation, organic livestock has been introduced as an alternative for conventional livestock. Organic livestock is guided by a set of fundamental goals and ideas. Providing animal welfare can be related to some overall goals for organic. As such understanding how different actors perceive it is a precondition for the successful improvement of animal welfare. To our knowledge, no studies undertake to investigate stockmen’s intention toward animal welfare in Iran and MENA region. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the intention of stockmen regarding importance and necessity of animal welfare at Sirjan County in Kerman provi...
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The objective of this study was to investigate effects of partial replacement of starch with neutral detergent soluble fiber with or without roasted canola seed as a fat source, and possible interactions on apparent digestibility and... more
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of partial replacement of starch with neutral detergent soluble fiber with or without roasted canola seed as a fat source, and possible interactions on apparent digestibility and growth performance of growing lambs. For this purpose, 24 male lambs were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments were 1- starch from barley, 2- starch from barley with roasted canola seed, 3- soluble fiber from beet pulp, and 4- soluble fiber from beet pulp with roasted canola seed. The experimental period was 84 days and forage:concentrate ratio was 10:90 for all diets. Treatments had no significant effect on the dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, apparent digestibility of protein and organic matter (p>0.05). High starch diets compared with high soluble fiber diets caused a significant decrease in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ADF and NDF (p<0.01). Canola...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fennel essence on performance, egg quality and ovarian morphology of commercial laying eggs for ten weeks. In this experiment, one hundred and forty 30-wk-old commercial egg laying... more
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fennel essence on performance, egg quality and ovarian morphology of commercial laying eggs for ten weeks. In this experiment, one hundred and forty 30-wk-old commercial egg laying type Hy-Line (W36) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 5 replicates and 8 birds per each. Treatments were a control (0.0% essence) and diets containing 200, 400 and 600 ppm fennel essence. Performance parameters include egg weight and egg production was recorded daily and feed intake, FCR and egg quality parameters were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, 2 birds of each replicate was randomly selected and slaughtered for analysis of ovarian morphology. Different levels of fennel essence no significant effect on egg production. Different levels of fennel essence no significant effect on egg production. Levels of 200 and 400 ppm of fennel essence showed a significant increase in egg weight. Levels of fennel essence had no significan...
هدیکچ :یتاعلاطم هنیمز زا فده شهوژپ رضاح ، هسیاقم هرب رد نیتاتسویم نژ نایب هتخیمآ و یبرع صلاخ داژن یاه ااب نآ یاه فونامور .دوب :راک شور نیا رد هعلاطم زا 16 یفداصت لاماک حرط بلاق رد هگرود و یبرع هرب سار اشه و رامیت ود اب رارکت .دش هدافتسا... more
هدیکچ :یتاعلاطم هنیمز زا فده شهوژپ رضاح ، هسیاقم هرب رد نیتاتسویم نژ نایب هتخیمآ و یبرع صلاخ داژن یاه ااب نآ یاه فونامور .دوب :راک شور نیا رد هعلاطم زا 16 یفداصت لاماک حرط بلاق رد هگرود و یبرع هرب سار اشه و رامیت ود اب رارکت .دش هدافتسا شیم نسمه یاه ینزو نیگنایم اب 5 / 2 ± 54 مرگولیک واق مر اسا ااب یپوکاساراپلا شور زا هدافتسا اب فونامور .دندش یعونصم حیقلت یلحف یزاس نامزمه زا سپ هرب و دنداش هداد شروراپ نااسکی طیارش رد دلوت زا سپ اه رد نس یگهام شش .دندش راتشک راتشک زا سپ هلصافلاب ، هنومن ماس زا موروموال سوماسیگنلا هچیهام مسق زا یریگ .دش ماجنا ماد سار جارختسا زا سپ RNA یفیک ،لک یمک و دیلوت یارب و دش یسررب نآ cDNA راراق هدافتاسا دروم . فرگ دیئدلآ رسیلگ نژ 3 نژ ناونع هب زانژوردیهد تافسف هناخ راد هداد ندوامن لامرن هج ایاهن رد .داش هدافتاسا ااه یب هب نیتاتسویم نژ نا کمک Real-time qPCR .دش یبایزرا هداد لیلحت و هیزجت یارب یاه و نزو نژ نایب بیترتب مران زا رازفا SAS و REST .دش هدافتسا جیاتن قیقحت نیا ناشن داد هک هتخیمآ یانعم شهااک بوس شیامزآ نیا رد یرگ ناایب راد نیتاتسویم نژ رد هورگ هتخیمآ یاه...
The supplemetary material related to the publication entitling "The effect of dietary rumen-protected trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid or a milk fat-depressing diet on energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of... more
The supplemetary material related to the publication entitling "The effect of dietary rumen-protected trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid or a milk fat-depressing diet on energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of dairy cows in early lactation" in Journal of Dairy Science by Bayat et al. (2022).
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of salvia mirzayanii essential oils on gas production parameters, fermentation characteristics using gas production and dual flow continuous culture system. Trearments... more
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of salvia mirzayanii essential oils on gas production parameters, fermentation characteristics using gas production and dual flow continuous culture system. Trearments in the gas production experiment was adding 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400 and 4800 mg/l of salvia mirzayanii essential oils to the media. In the second experiment, five 1750-mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in 3 replicated periods of 9 d. Temperature (38.5°C) and liquid and (10%/h) solid (5%/h) dilution rates were kept constant in the fermenters. Fermenters were fed daily with 120 g dry matter. Treatments arranged as complete randomized block design included levels of essential oils from salvia mirzayanii (800, 1600, 2400 mg/l) and a monensin (0.1 percent of the diet dry matter). Addition essential oils of salvia mirzayanii to diet lead to decrease asymptotic gas production, organic matter degradability and biomass. Dry ma...
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder on fermentation characteristic and rumen microbes of Arabian sheep.At first step the best level of garlic was determined. Then Animals were fed for 35 days with... more
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder on fermentation characteristic and rumen microbes of Arabian sheep.At first step the best level of garlic was determined. Then Animals were fed for 35 days with control diet and supplemented with garlic (2% per kg DM). Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, number of protozoa and blood metabolites (glucose, urea and cholesterol) was determined. The results of the first phase, to determine the optimal level showed that dry matter digestibility were not affected by the presence of garlic in the diet, but numerically it was the highest in the diets containing 2% garlic powder (P>0.05). Also, NDF digestibility was the highest amount in this diet (P
In this experiment eight 1,600 mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to measure the fermentation pattern of cultivable and pasture forages in camel. Two adult camels were used as rumen inocula donors. Fermenters were fed... more
In this experiment eight 1,600 mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to measure the fermentation pattern of cultivable and pasture forages in camel. Two adult camels were used as rumen inocula donors. Fermenters were fed with 120 g of DM/d in 3 equal portions at 08:00, 16:00, and 24:00 h. The trial contained two treatments of four replicate each in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted (DM basis) of alfalfa hay (40%) and wheat straw (60%) as the cultivable forages, and Atriplex L. (80%), Suaeda F. (10%), and Seidlitzia R. (10%) as the pasture forages. Digestibility coefficients of DM, NDF and ADF were significantly smaller (P<0.05) in cultivable than pasture forages. Digestibility of OM for cultivable forages was significantly larger (P<0.05) than pasture forages. Total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and iso-valeric acids concentrations were significantly lower in (P<0.01) pasture forages than cultivable forages. Endoglucanase and...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam-irradiated cottonseed meal on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks. Treatments were cottonseed meal (CSM) at levels of 12% and... more
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam-irradiated cottonseed meal on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks. Treatments were cottonseed meal (CSM) at levels of 12% and 24% (raw and irradiated at 30 kGy) and corn-soya bean meal diet (as control, without CSM and without irradiation) that used with five dietary treatments, four replicates and 10 birds of each for 42 days in completely randomized design. Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded weekly. At 42 days of age, two birds per pen were randomly selected for the determination of carcass characteristics and blood parameters. BWG decreased with increasing levels of dietary CSM during the experiment (p < 0.05). In addition, radiation had significant positive effect in broilers fed 12% compared with those fed 24% CSM. FI in chicks fed control and diet containing 24% CSM were increased significantly in starter period. But FI was significantly decreased in broilers consumed CSM compare to the control in grower and during the experiment. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased with increasing levels of CSM in the diets. Relative weights of liver, gastrointestinal tract (GI), pancreas, gizzard and abdominal fat were increased by increasing levels of CSM in the diet (p < 0.05). Glucose, cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride and phosphorous concentrations increased, and LDL concentration decreased as the dietary CSM levels increased (p < 0.05). But radiation had not significant effect on blood parameters. Electron irradiation seems to be a good procedure to improve the nutritional quality of CSM, but it seems higher dose of it was needed to improve performance of chickens.
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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, Volume 15 (2005) Enzymes are used to improve the nutritive value of feeds for non–ruminants, particularly broilers, and as silage additives, but they are not routinely used in the diets of... more
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, Volume 15 (2005) Enzymes are used to improve the nutritive value of feeds for non–ruminants, particularly broilers, and as silage additives, but they are not routinely used in the diets of adult ruminants. As was recently reviewed by Beauchemin and Rode (1996), a number of studies in the 1960s involving cattle and sheep showed that enzymes substantially improved feed digestibility and animal performance, but results were often inconsistent. Given the relatively high cost of feed enzymes, the inconsistency of responses, and the potential of improving animal performance with the use of other emerging technologies, the use of enzymes in ruminant diets was, until recently, abandoned. High costs of livestock production combined with the availability of newer enzyme preparations have prompted a renewed interest in the potential of feed enzymes for ruminants. In order to investigate effects of enzyme supplements to young calf diet and its e...
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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of partly replacing dietary starch with fiber and fat on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites during preweaning and postweaning periods (experiment 1)... more
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of partly replacing dietary starch with fiber and fat on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites during preweaning and postweaning periods (experiment 1) and preference for high starch (HS) and high fiber and fat (HFF) diets after weaning (experiment 2) in calves. In experiment 1, a total of 30 Holstein female calves (4 d of age; 41.0 ± 2.0 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to a 1) HS starter, 2) HFF starter, and 3) a starter feed containing mixture of diets 1 and 2 (MIX). In experiment 2, 20 weaned Holstein female calves (85 ± 2.0 kg of body weight (BW) were involved in a pairwise preference tests 3 and 5 d postweaning between HS and HFF diets. Diets contained alfalfa hay as forage source; HS contained 430 g/kg starch, 35 g/kg fat, and 163 g/kg neutral detergent fiber, whereas HFF contained 82 g/kg starch, 75 g/kg fat, and 336 g/kg neutral detergent fiber. The results of the first experiment s...
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... 05. Title : ( Using mixture enzyme as feed additive in growing diets of young Holstein calves ). Abbas Ali Naserian , Behnam Saremi , mohsen sari , Full Text. Abstract. ... کریم پور; کریم پور; کریم پور; کریم پور; soltanian; soltanian;... more
... 05. Title : ( Using mixture enzyme as feed additive in growing diets of young Holstein calves ). Abbas Ali Naserian , Behnam Saremi , mohsen sari , Full Text. Abstract. ... کریم پور; کریم پور; کریم پور; کریم پور; soltanian; soltanian; صفحه ...
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The aim of this experiment was to investigate rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of dromedary camels fed with C3 and C4 forage. Four fistulated dromedary adult camels were fed with diets as a changeover design, 30 days for each... more
The aim of this experiment was to investigate rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of dromedary camels fed with C3 and C4 forage. Four fistulated dromedary adult camels were fed with diets as a changeover design, 30 days for each period. The diets included alfalfa hay + wheat straw (C3 forage) and atriplex+ suaeda + seidlitzia (C4 forage). At the end of the experiment, rumen and blood parameters, gas production of wheat straw and atriplex as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment were determined. The highest blood glucose and urea nitrogen levels were found for camels fed with C3 forage, 2 hr after feeding (p < 0.05). The maximum NH3-N concentration in the rumen was for diets C3 and C4, 2 and 4 hr after feeding (p < 0.05). The lowest rumen pH was observed for C3 diet at 2 and 4 hr and for C4 diet at 4 and 8 hr after feeding. The activity of rumen carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase) enzymes was the highest for C3 and C4 diets, 8 hr after feedin...
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Introduction Urinary nitrogen (N) is rapidly converted to ammonia (NH3) during manure collection and storage, whereas faecal N is converted to NH3 at a much slower rate. Developing nutritional strategies to shift N excretion from urine to... more
Introduction Urinary nitrogen (N) is rapidly converted to ammonia (NH3) during manure collection and storage, whereas faecal N is converted to NH3 at a much slower rate. Developing nutritional strategies to shift N excretion from urine to faeces may reduce NH3 from dairy manure which is implicated in reduced air quality. Previous work suggests that increasing post-ruminal fermentation may reduce urinary N and consequently manure NH3 losses (Gressley and Armentano, 2005). Pectin is a class of neutral detergent-soluble fibre (NDSF) and studies in monogastrics have shown that it is completely degraded by resident intestinal bacteria (Buchanan et al., 1994). Gut bacteria are capable of converting blood urea-N into NH3 and subsequently microbial protein. Therefore, growth of intestinal microorganisms using energy supplied by pectin can result in a net conversion of blood urea N into faecal microbial N, thereby reducing urinary N. The aim was to determine the effect of increasing carbohyd...
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Effects of different levels of cadmium (0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/l of culture medium) were evaluated using gas production technique. In the glass vials used to measure gas production 30 mg of buffered rumen fluid (2:1... more
Effects of different levels of cadmium (0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/l of culture medium) were evaluated using gas production technique. In the glass vials used to measure gas production 30 mg of buffered rumen fluid (2:1 ratio of rumen fluid: buffer) poured in glass and cultured at 38.6 temperature. Volume and pressure of produced gas were measured with syringes and digital pressure meter at different times and exponential model were used to determine the gas production parameters. The results of the experiment indicated that using different levels of cadmium sulfate caused a significant reduction in b parameter, partitioning factor, metabolizable energy and digestion of organic matter. Addition of 0.1, 1, 2, 4 and 16 mg cadmium/l did not affect c parameter in comparison with the control treatment. The results of this study suggest that cadmium in higher levels of 8 mg per liter had strong inhibitory effect on rumen anaerobic microorganisms’ activity
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate of rumen cellulolytic bacteria activity of dromedary camels fed cultivable and pasture forage. Four fistulated dromedary camels were fed for 35 days in 2 periods as cross over design with... more
This experiment was conducted to evaluate of rumen cellulolytic bacteria activity of dromedary camels fed cultivable and pasture forage. Four fistulated dromedary camels were fed for 35 days in 2 periods as cross over design with cultivable and pasture forage (4 camels per forage). Then rumen fluid was collected after morning feeding. Inoculant of cellulolytic bacteria was prepared and in vitro gas production, digestibility and enzyme activity were measured (6 replicates). Treatments were including: rumen fluid of camels fed cultivable forage × wheat straw and or atriplex as a substrate and rumen fluid of camels fed pasture forage × wheat straw and or atriplex as a substrate. The result showed, after 96 hours incubation, the produced gas and actual digested organic matter for treatments 1 and 4 were higher (P≤0.01). However, the ammonia-N was affeted by treatments at 24 and 48 h incubation (P≤0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and natural detergent fiber by bacteria ...
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The objective of the present research was to apply logistic analysis for investigating some factors affecting incidence probability of milk fat depression (MFD) in early lactation of Iranian Holstein cows. The data set was comprised 80381... more
The objective of the present research was to apply logistic analysis for investigating some factors affecting incidence probability of milk fat depression (MFD) in early lactation of Iranian Holstein cows. The data set was comprised 80381 test day records (milk, fat and protein traits) belonging to 80254 first parity cows in 427 herds with calving year between 1995 and 2009. Based on fat to protein percentages for the first month of the lactation and also with respect to threshold point of -0.12, dependent variable was defined as a dichotomous (zero code for lack of MFD and unit code for MFD) variable. A logistic mixed generalized linear model was fitted on the data using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS software. In the model, fixed effects of sperm type (local or exotic), production season, first calving age, cow type (grade or pure Holstein) and random effect of animal’s sire were included. Cow type had no significant affect on MFD. Estimation of odds ratio for comparing different ages w...
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Canola (Brassica napus L.) recently has received consideration as a forage source for livestock (Lancaster et al., 1990). Canola is reasonably widely adapted and performs well in semiarid countries such as Iran. In addition to its low... more
Canola (Brassica napus L.) recently has received consideration as a forage source for livestock (Lancaster et al., 1990). Canola is reasonably widely adapted and performs well in semiarid countries such as Iran. In addition to its low water requirements and high growth rate, its cultivation season is well matched with environmental condition in Iran. Canola could not reach to stage of blossom in some climates such as cold climate, so farmers could mow and making silage for animal nutrition. Application of silage additives is the most important factor in improving silage quality (Muck, 1993). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some additives on fermentation parameters, in vitro and in situ dry matter digestibility of experimental whole canola silage.
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Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of protein degradability on the performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and behavior of lambs fed diets containing pomegranate peel (PP). Twenty-four male... more
Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of protein degradability on the performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and behavior of lambs fed diets containing pomegranate peel (PP). Twenty-four male Iranian Arabic lambs (mean ± standard deviation; 16.3 ± 1.3 kg BW) were assigned randomly into four groups of six lambs each in a completely randomized design for 94 days. Treatments were: 1) control diet (CON); 2) diet containing PP with lower Rumen Degradable Nitrogen (RDN) (Soybean meal, PSOY); 3) diet containing PP with higher RDN (Urea, PUREA) and 4) free choice between diet 2 and 3 (PFREE). Forage to concentrate ratio of the diets was 20:80. The final body weight and dry matter intake were unaffected by treatments (P