Abstract The main objective of this research is to investigate the Predictability of Financial St... more Abstract The main objective of this research is to investigate the Predictability of Financial Statements Fraud-Risk Using Benford’s Law on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, based on financial fraud detection criteria, a sample of 50 companies was extracted that 25 companies had fraud-risk in financial statements (experimental group) and 25 did not have fraud-risk (control group). Next, the frequency distribution of the first left digit of the numbers in the financial statements as well as the financial ratios of both groups was extracted, and their conformity with Benford’s distribution was evaluated through the chi-square test to test the research hypotheses. The comparison between the mentioned frequency distribution and Benford’s distribution showed a significant difference. The result indicates that Benford’s law cannot predict the financial statements fraud-risk of companies, in other words, Benford’s law cannot separate companies with fraud-risk from those without fraud-risk in financial statements.
Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact ... more Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact on the behavior and behavior of companies. In this study, the effect of institutional ownership structure on the relationship between Related Party Transactions and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive manner. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results indicated that the institutional ownership structure reduced the relationship between Related Party Transactions and management of profits, so that both of long-term institutional ownership and short-term institutional ownership reduced the forecast of profit management through Related Party Transactions.
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and firm perf... more The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance. First, we introduce a new two-stage DEA model with a fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for evaluating the performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the stable operation of companies, into two sub-process, have divided, which includes the profitability (first phase) and the value, creativity (the second phase), that is, the outputs of the first stage are inputs for the second stage, which can be used to identify the status of the company's operations and potential for future growth. Second, In order to measure the ability of managers, we use the model provided by Demerging. Finally, the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance are also investigated by means of the truncated-regression model. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the ability of management and firm performance. It means th...
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, c... more As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, customers and citizens. In fact, the strategy is the very factor that guides the organization in its journey towards realizing its vision. In this regard, four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) articulate the strategic goals of organization in all respects. The cause-and-effect relationships, outlined in the form of a strategy map, are deemed as the formula for the organization's achievement. Causal relationships map the precise route for the strategy realization. Without such relationships, the organization has only to a set of individual financial and non-financial measures. For the first time in the banking industry of Iran, introduced key indicators of the banking industry and has been investigated the cause and effect relationship between to them. In addition, in the research the author's experiences in the banking industry have been considered so based on this researc...
This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the devel... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the developed unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (DUTAUT) with auditors' ethical behavior. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational and its population include various auditors of Iran, 164 of whom are selected using simple random sampling. Structural equations and Smart PLS software analysis are also used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology use factors based on DUTAUT, including motivational components, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social effects, and ethical behavior of auditors. Other findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation (64%), effort expectancy (31%), and social effects (43%) with auditors' ethical behavior at the 95% confidence level. Given that the use of technology is expanding and is in line with current soc...
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is deline... more Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is delineated as a strategy map and describes the organizational performance on four perspectives of financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth. The measures and objectives of BSC are derived from mission, vision and organization strategy. Organization strategy indicates how an organization creates value for the shareholders, customers and citizens. Furthermore, strategy is the very factor that guides an organization towards achieving its vision. In the same vein, the internal business process perspective describes the processes and measures that eventually lead to the desired level of performance in financial and customer perspectives. As a result, the existence of cause-and-effect relationships outlined in the form of strategy map are deemed as the guideline for the organization achievement. The cause-and-effect relationships determine the accurate route for strategy...
This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the devel... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the developed unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (DUTAUT) with auditors' ethical behavior. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational and its population include various auditors of Iran, 164 of whom are selected using simple random sampling. Structural equations and Smart PLS software analysis are also used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology use factors based on DUTAUT, including motivational components, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social effects, and ethical behavior of auditors. Other findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation (64%), effort expectancy (31%), and social effects (43%) with auditors' ethical behavior at the 95% confidence level. Given that the use of technology is expanding and is in line with current social needs and increases the level of ethical behavior in auditors, it is necessary to pay more attention to it in order to increase the ethical climate in this profession.
International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 2019
The aim of this study is to provide a new two-stage DEA model with fuzzy multi-objective programm... more The aim of this study is to provide a new two-stage DEA model with fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for evaluating the performance of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, a twostage DEA model, different from the traditional model, we introduce for performance analysis. In this regard, the stable operation of companies, into two sub-process, have divided, which includes the profitability (first phase) and the value creativity (the second phase), which can be used to identify the status of the company's operations and potential for future growth. Therefore, the profitability, including two entrances (the ratio of total debt, the ratio of total equity) and two outputs (ROA, ROE) and the value creativity (the second stage) includes two outputs (the ratio of book value to market value of B / M, the cost income ratio E / P) consider, that is, the outputs of the first stage are inputs for the second stage. The decision matrix proposed in this study, can clearly define the benchmark that can be emulated by inefficient companies and help managers to develop appropriate strategies needed to enhance their overall efficiency. The results show that due to general inefficiency, ineffectiveness was in one of the two sub-processes. The results show that the multi-phase two-stage DEA model is able to identify the causes of inefficiencies and provides a scale to compare performance.
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, c... more As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, customers and citizens. In fact, the strategy is the very factor that guides the organization in its journey towards realizing its vision. In this regard, four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) articulate the strategic goals of organization in all respects. The cause-and-effect relationships, outlined in the form of a strategy map, are deemed as the formula for the organization's achievement. Causal relationships map the precise route for the strategy realization. Without such relationships, the organization has only to a set of individual financial and non-financial measures. For the first time in the banking industry of Iran, introduced key indicators of the banking industry and has been investigated the cause and effect relationship between to them. In addition, in the research the author's experiences in the banking industry have been considered so based on this research key variables were extracted from the system and converted to quantitative indicators. Finally, to ensure the validity of the data, the cause and effect relationship has been studied using granger causality method.
Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is deline... more Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is delineated as a strategy map and describes the organizational performance on four perspectives of financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth. The measures and objectives of BSC are derived from mission, vision and organization strategy. Organization strategy indicates how an organization creates value for the shareholders, customers and citizens. Furthermore, strategy is the very factor that guides an organization towards achieving its vision. In the same vein, the internal business process perspective describes the processes and measures that eventually lead to the desired level of performance in financial and customer perspectives. As a result, the existence of cause-and-effect relationships outlined in the form of strategy map are deemed as the guideline for the organization achievement. The cause-and-effect relationships determine the accurate route for strategy realization. Without having such associations, the organization is merely has access to a set of financial and non-financial measures. Taking the above into account, the present research has transformed the key measures in Iran’s banking industry to quantified values and by using Granger causality test, it explores the cause-and-effect associations between the measures of process and financial perspectives. Eventually, it analyzes and describes how organization vision is associated with organization’s operations processes.
The purpose of this study was to provide a proposed model affecting the environmental management ... more The purpose of this study was to provide a proposed model affecting the environmental management accounting system in the petrochemical and metal industries in Iran. In order to conduct research, first, by studying the literature and research background with the method of documentary and library studies and the exploratory method, interview questions and research questionnaires have been identified. After analyzing the interviews, in addition to identifying the dimensions and factors affecting the research variables, it is possible to provide a model and conceptual framework for the research. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative sector is all knowledgeable managers in the petrochemical and metal industries and experts in the accounting profession in the country. The analysis consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Interviews were conducted with 15 experts and theoretical foundations of the research, and in a small part of the work, a questionnaire was distributed and collected among 130 employees of petrochemical and metal industry experts. First, the validity and reliability of reagents and constructs were determined using different tests such as mean-variance and Cronbach's alpha. Then, the research variables were examined using the output of software algorithms (SmartPLS 3). These two outputs show the path coefficients between the variables and the value of the t-statistic. Prioritization of effective components on the implementation of environmental management accounting system in petrochemical and metal industries using Friedman analysis of variance showed that the environmental results component has a better rank and has the first rank and the customer environmental cooperation component ranks second and the management component The indoor environment ranks third.
ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC RESEARCHES, 2017
In this research, the relationship between transactions with affiliated entities and profit manag... more In this research, the relationship between transactions with affiliated entities and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive method. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results of this research showed that deals with affiliated entities account for 55.2 percent of profit management. Therefore, companies that transactions with affiliated entities manage their earnings.
ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC RESEARCHES, 2018
Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact ... more Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact on the behavior and behavior of companies. In this study, the effect of institutional ownership structure on the relationship between Related Party Transactions and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive manner. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results indicated that the institutional ownership structure reduced the relationship between Related Party Transactions and management of profits, so that both of long-term institutional ownership and short-term institutional ownership reduced the forecast of profit management through Related Party Transactions.
Abstract The main objective of this research is to investigate the Predictability of Financial St... more Abstract The main objective of this research is to investigate the Predictability of Financial Statements Fraud-Risk Using Benford’s Law on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, based on financial fraud detection criteria, a sample of 50 companies was extracted that 25 companies had fraud-risk in financial statements (experimental group) and 25 did not have fraud-risk (control group). Next, the frequency distribution of the first left digit of the numbers in the financial statements as well as the financial ratios of both groups was extracted, and their conformity with Benford’s distribution was evaluated through the chi-square test to test the research hypotheses. The comparison between the mentioned frequency distribution and Benford’s distribution showed a significant difference. The result indicates that Benford’s law cannot predict the financial statements fraud-risk of companies, in other words, Benford’s law cannot separate companies with fraud-risk from those without fraud-risk in financial statements.
Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact ... more Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact on the behavior and behavior of companies. In this study, the effect of institutional ownership structure on the relationship between Related Party Transactions and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive manner. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results indicated that the institutional ownership structure reduced the relationship between Related Party Transactions and management of profits, so that both of long-term institutional ownership and short-term institutional ownership reduced the forecast of profit management through Related Party Transactions.
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and firm perf... more The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance. First, we introduce a new two-stage DEA model with a fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for evaluating the performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the stable operation of companies, into two sub-process, have divided, which includes the profitability (first phase) and the value, creativity (the second phase), that is, the outputs of the first stage are inputs for the second stage, which can be used to identify the status of the company's operations and potential for future growth. Second, In order to measure the ability of managers, we use the model provided by Demerging. Finally, the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance are also investigated by means of the truncated-regression model. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the ability of management and firm performance. It means th...
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, c... more As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, customers and citizens. In fact, the strategy is the very factor that guides the organization in its journey towards realizing its vision. In this regard, four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) articulate the strategic goals of organization in all respects. The cause-and-effect relationships, outlined in the form of a strategy map, are deemed as the formula for the organization's achievement. Causal relationships map the precise route for the strategy realization. Without such relationships, the organization has only to a set of individual financial and non-financial measures. For the first time in the banking industry of Iran, introduced key indicators of the banking industry and has been investigated the cause and effect relationship between to them. In addition, in the research the author's experiences in the banking industry have been considered so based on this researc...
This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the devel... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the developed unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (DUTAUT) with auditors' ethical behavior. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational and its population include various auditors of Iran, 164 of whom are selected using simple random sampling. Structural equations and Smart PLS software analysis are also used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology use factors based on DUTAUT, including motivational components, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social effects, and ethical behavior of auditors. Other findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation (64%), effort expectancy (31%), and social effects (43%) with auditors' ethical behavior at the 95% confidence level. Given that the use of technology is expanding and is in line with current soc...
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is deline... more Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is delineated as a strategy map and describes the organizational performance on four perspectives of financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth. The measures and objectives of BSC are derived from mission, vision and organization strategy. Organization strategy indicates how an organization creates value for the shareholders, customers and citizens. Furthermore, strategy is the very factor that guides an organization towards achieving its vision. In the same vein, the internal business process perspective describes the processes and measures that eventually lead to the desired level of performance in financial and customer perspectives. As a result, the existence of cause-and-effect relationships outlined in the form of strategy map are deemed as the guideline for the organization achievement. The cause-and-effect relationships determine the accurate route for strategy...
This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the devel... more This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology use factors based on the developed unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (DUTAUT) with auditors' ethical behavior. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational and its population include various auditors of Iran, 164 of whom are selected using simple random sampling. Structural equations and Smart PLS software analysis are also used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology use factors based on DUTAUT, including motivational components, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and social effects, and ethical behavior of auditors. Other findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation (64%), effort expectancy (31%), and social effects (43%) with auditors' ethical behavior at the 95% confidence level. Given that the use of technology is expanding and is in line with current social needs and increases the level of ethical behavior in auditors, it is necessary to pay more attention to it in order to increase the ethical climate in this profession.
International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 2019
The aim of this study is to provide a new two-stage DEA model with fuzzy multi-objective programm... more The aim of this study is to provide a new two-stage DEA model with fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for evaluating the performance of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, a twostage DEA model, different from the traditional model, we introduce for performance analysis. In this regard, the stable operation of companies, into two sub-process, have divided, which includes the profitability (first phase) and the value creativity (the second phase), which can be used to identify the status of the company's operations and potential for future growth. Therefore, the profitability, including two entrances (the ratio of total debt, the ratio of total equity) and two outputs (ROA, ROE) and the value creativity (the second stage) includes two outputs (the ratio of book value to market value of B / M, the cost income ratio E / P) consider, that is, the outputs of the first stage are inputs for the second stage. The decision matrix proposed in this study, can clearly define the benchmark that can be emulated by inefficient companies and help managers to develop appropriate strategies needed to enhance their overall efficiency. The results show that due to general inefficiency, ineffectiveness was in one of the two sub-processes. The results show that the multi-phase two-stage DEA model is able to identify the causes of inefficiencies and provides a scale to compare performance.
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 2020
As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, c... more As is well known, the strategy dictates how an organization creates value for the stakeholders, customers and citizens. In fact, the strategy is the very factor that guides the organization in its journey towards realizing its vision. In this regard, four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) articulate the strategic goals of organization in all respects. The cause-and-effect relationships, outlined in the form of a strategy map, are deemed as the formula for the organization's achievement. Causal relationships map the precise route for the strategy realization. Without such relationships, the organization has only to a set of individual financial and non-financial measures. For the first time in the banking industry of Iran, introduced key indicators of the banking industry and has been investigated the cause and effect relationship between to them. In addition, in the research the author's experiences in the banking industry have been considered so based on this research key variables were extracted from the system and converted to quantitative indicators. Finally, to ensure the validity of the data, the cause and effect relationship has been studied using granger causality method.
Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is deline... more Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a quantified interpretation of organization strategy, which is delineated as a strategy map and describes the organizational performance on four perspectives of financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth. The measures and objectives of BSC are derived from mission, vision and organization strategy. Organization strategy indicates how an organization creates value for the shareholders, customers and citizens. Furthermore, strategy is the very factor that guides an organization towards achieving its vision. In the same vein, the internal business process perspective describes the processes and measures that eventually lead to the desired level of performance in financial and customer perspectives. As a result, the existence of cause-and-effect relationships outlined in the form of strategy map are deemed as the guideline for the organization achievement. The cause-and-effect relationships determine the accurate route for strategy realization. Without having such associations, the organization is merely has access to a set of financial and non-financial measures. Taking the above into account, the present research has transformed the key measures in Iran’s banking industry to quantified values and by using Granger causality test, it explores the cause-and-effect associations between the measures of process and financial perspectives. Eventually, it analyzes and describes how organization vision is associated with organization’s operations processes.
The purpose of this study was to provide a proposed model affecting the environmental management ... more The purpose of this study was to provide a proposed model affecting the environmental management accounting system in the petrochemical and metal industries in Iran. In order to conduct research, first, by studying the literature and research background with the method of documentary and library studies and the exploratory method, interview questions and research questionnaires have been identified. After analyzing the interviews, in addition to identifying the dimensions and factors affecting the research variables, it is possible to provide a model and conceptual framework for the research. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative sector is all knowledgeable managers in the petrochemical and metal industries and experts in the accounting profession in the country. The analysis consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Interviews were conducted with 15 experts and theoretical foundations of the research, and in a small part of the work, a questionnaire was distributed and collected among 130 employees of petrochemical and metal industry experts. First, the validity and reliability of reagents and constructs were determined using different tests such as mean-variance and Cronbach's alpha. Then, the research variables were examined using the output of software algorithms (SmartPLS 3). These two outputs show the path coefficients between the variables and the value of the t-statistic. Prioritization of effective components on the implementation of environmental management accounting system in petrochemical and metal industries using Friedman analysis of variance showed that the environmental results component has a better rank and has the first rank and the customer environmental cooperation component ranks second and the management component The indoor environment ranks third.
ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC RESEARCHES, 2017
In this research, the relationship between transactions with affiliated entities and profit manag... more In this research, the relationship between transactions with affiliated entities and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive method. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results of this research showed that deals with affiliated entities account for 55.2 percent of profit management. Therefore, companies that transactions with affiliated entities manage their earnings.
ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC RESEARCHES, 2018
Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact ... more Institutional ownership is an important indicator of stock investment and can have a huge impact on the behavior and behavior of companies. In this study, the effect of institutional ownership structure on the relationship between Related Party Transactions and profit management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The research sample was 87 companies that were selected in a systematic and purposive manner. The required data were collected from the MABNA software and analyzed using Eviews econometric software. The results indicated that the institutional ownership structure reduced the relationship between Related Party Transactions and management of profits, so that both of long-term institutional ownership and short-term institutional ownership reduced the forecast of profit management through Related Party Transactions.
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Papers by Hojjatallah Salari