Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a contagious fungal infection of skin caused by dermatophytes and i... more Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a contagious fungal infection of skin caused by dermatophytes and is threat to human health. In recent years, the infections caused by these fungi have been developing. Trichophyton Tonsurans is a anthropophilic dermatophyte and which causes Tinea Endothrix (hair), Tinea Corporis (body) and Tinea Unguium (nails). Microsporm Canis is a zoophilic (animal-friendly) dermatophyte which is considered as the main causes of dermatophyte infections such as Tinea Capitis, Tinea Corporis (Body) and Tinea Barbae (Bread). Rosemary is a plant whose antifungal effects have been proven by several studies. The current study intended to investigate the antifungal effects of rosemary on Trichophyton Tonsurans and Microsporum Canis. To this end, the antifungal activities of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of rosemary leaves against the intended fungi were, first, examined based on agar dilution method. Next, the most effective extract was fractioned based on decantation method. The antifungal effects of the observed fractions on the intended fungi was assessed. Afterwards, the most effective fraction was fractionated in Chloroform and pure ethyl stat based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using pure chloroform solvents and ethyl stat mixtures %1, %3 and %5, and their antifungal activities fungi were examined against the intended fungi. Finally, the most effective SPE fraction was measured in terms of Keratinase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, Terbinafine was used as a positive control. According to the results, both extracts showed antifungal effects. The hydro-alcoholic extract was more effective and M. Canis was more sensitive. It was indicated that N-hexane fraction of decantation, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) less than 1.25 mg/ml, had the maximum antifungal effects on the intended fungi. Amongst the SPE obtained fractions, Chloroform %100 with a MIC of 1.25mg/ml and a MIC of 0.625 mg/ml had anti-dermatophyte effects respectively on Trichophyton Tonsurans and Microsporum Canis. Consequently, it was found that Keratinase inhibition is not the most effective fraction mechanism. To conclude, hydro-alcoholic extract, N-hexane fraction of decantation, and Chloroform %100 fraction of SPE had anti-dermatophyte index; however, their potency was not comparable with Terbinafine.
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2010
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in tradition... more Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in traditional medicine. The potential of this plant to protect against complications of menopause has been raised but rarely studied. Twenty female rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and three other ovariectomized groups: HST1%, HST2% and HST10% which received 1%, 2% and 10% hempseed, respectively, in their diet for 3 weeks. The effects of hempseed on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, estradiol and calcium levels were evaluated. Rats were tested for behavioral changes using the forced swimming test. The results showed that ovariectomy, independent of the type of diet, caused elevation of plasma calcium, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, while hempseed modified this effect. Plasma estradiol levels were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to other groups. The swimming times for the OVX and sham groups were significantly shorter than that of the HSD10% group. All hempseed-treated groups were less anxious and showed significant declines in fecal boli compared to the sham group. The exploratory diving percent decreased in the HST10% group compared with other groups. These results suggest that hempseed may improve post-ovariectomy complications in rats.
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2010
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in tradition... more Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in traditional medicine. The potential of this plant to protect against complications of menopause has been raised but rarely studied. Twenty female rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and three other ovariectomized groups: HST1%, HST2% and HST10% which received 1%, 2% and 10% hempseed, respectively, in their diet for 3 weeks. The effects of hempseed on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, estradiol and calcium levels were evaluated. Rats were tested for behavioral changes using the forced swimming test. The results showed that ovariectomy, independent of the type of diet, caused elevation of plasma calcium, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, while hempseed modified this effect. Plasma estradiol levels were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to other groups. The swimming times for the OVX and sham groups were significantly shorter than that of the HSD10% group. All hempseed-treated groups were less anxious and showed significant declines in fecal boli compared to the sham group. The exploratory diving percent decreased in the HST10% group compared with other groups. These results suggest that hempseed may improve post-ovariectomy complications in rats.
This study determined the effects of maternal dietary intake of hemp seed on reproductive and neu... more This study determined the effects of maternal dietary intake of hemp seed on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points of Wistar rats. Time-mated rats were fed 100% hemp seed (n = 15), 50% hemp seed (n = 15) or basal diet (n = 15) once a day. The amount of food made available was based on control feed consumption records. All dams remained on their respective diets from premating (14 days) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all pups were given their maternal diet until puberty. Mating and delivery weights of dams in all groups did not show significant changes. Number of pregnancies, number and post-natal survival rate of total rat pups, litter size and milk yield were lower in the group that received 100% hemp seed. Offspring that received 50% hemp seed diet expressed reproductive and neurobehavioral end points from a modified Fox battery earlier than rats on 100% hemp seed or basal diet, except acoustic startle results where no differences appeared. In conclusion, this study shows that hemp seed supplementation does not improve the reproductive and neurobehavioral performances of rats. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should be cautious about the using of Cannabis sativa L. byproducts in their diets.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ingestion of powder of hemp seed on ... more The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ingestion of powder of hemp seed on blood picture. This study was experienced on five guinea pigs that fed with normal diet (fresh vegetable and tab water), in addition were force-fed 5 g/kg/day of the powder of hemp seed for 60 days by means of an endogastric tube and syringe. At the beginning day and the termination of study day-60 the blood was taken from animals and the erythrocyte number, leukocyte number, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin concentration values were determined. The result on analysis showed that erythrocyte-count and PCV significantly decreased (p < 0.05) whereas hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte number values showed a steady decline which was not significant (P > 0.05). None of the values fell below the normal physiological range of the experimental animals. This shows that hemp seed which contains tetrahydrocannabinols as its active constituents has long term significant toxicological implication such as bone marrow suppression with respect to the concentration given on the erythrocytes of mammals. It is recommended that individuals who have anemia or immunity complication should not use hemp seed in their food preparation on regular basis.
Therapeutic potential of in vitro maturation (IVM) in infertility is growing with great promise. ... more Therapeutic potential of in vitro maturation (IVM) in infertility is growing with great promise. Although significant progress is obtained in recent years, existing IVM protocols are far from favorable results. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether two step IVM manner change reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total anti- oxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The second aim was to find the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on oocyte maturation rate and on ROS/TAC levels during IVM. In this experimental study, mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes divided into cumulus denuded oocytes (DOs) and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) groups. GVs were matured in vitro in the presence or absence of ALA only for 18 hours (control) or with pre-culture of forskolin plus cilostamide for an additional 18 hours. Matured oocytes obtained following 18 and 36 hours based on experimental design. In parallel, the ROS and TAC levels were measured at different time (0, 18 and 36 hours)...
... Report ISAAC KARIMI, JAVAD YOUSEFI and ALI GHASHGHAI ... It also means that the presence of t... more ... Report ISAAC KARIMI, JAVAD YOUSEFI and ALI GHASHGHAI ... It also means that the presence of this plant in the pasture could serve as a source of toxicosis to grazing animals. AL-Sultan and Yehia [ 6] have reported acute toxicity of E. heliscopia in various organs of rats. ...
ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anes... more ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anesthesia in the mandibular regions of Mehraban sheep. The distance between the lateral ends of the alveolus of the incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 2.07±0.45 cm. The length and maximum height of the mandibles were 15.76±2.25 and 9.57±2.71 cm, respectively. The distance from caudal border of mandible to beneath of mandibular foramen was 1.74±0.33 cm, while the distance from mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible and caudal border of the mandible to the level of mandibular foramen were 4.14±0.47 and 1.35±0.29 cm, respectively. The length of diastema was measured 3.98±0.48 cm. KEY WORDS: Mandible, Mehraban sheep, Diastema, Morphometry
Modafinil, a novel wake-promoting agent with low potential for abuse and dependence, has a reliab... more Modafinil, a novel wake-promoting agent with low potential for abuse and dependence, has a reliable structure to find some novel derivatives with better activity and lower potential for abuse and risk of dependency. This study was designed to evaluate psychobiological activity of some novel N-aryl modafinil derivatives. Seven novel N-aryl modafinil derivatives were synthesized through three reactions: a) preparation of benzhydrylsulfanyl acetic acid through reaction of benzhydrol with thioglycolic acid, b) formation of desired amide by adding the substituted aniline to activated acid with EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amino propyl) carbodiimide). This reaction was catalyzed by HOBt (N- hydroxylbenzotriazole), and c) oxidation of sulfur to sulfoxide group with H2O2. Then, their psychobiological effect on the performance of male albino mice were compared to that of modafinil as following: wakefulness by determining the effects of derivatives on phenobarbital-induced loss of the righting reflex (LOPR); exploratory activity by measuring activity in the open field test (OFT); depression by measuring immobility time (IT) during forced swimming test (FST) and the anxiogenic and anxiolytic like effects by using elevated plus-maze test (EPM). All tests were videotaped and analyzed for the frequency and duration of the behaviors during the procedures. 2-(Benzhydrylsulfonyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide (4c) showed comparable result in LOPR test. However, all analogs were found to be stimulant except 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-phenylacetamide (4a). Also 4c led the most exploratory activity in mice among derivatives. FST results showed that 4a had the longest IT while modafinil, 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-(3-chlorophenyl) acetamide (4b) and 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl) acetamide (4d) had the shortest IT. In EPM, all derivatives showed anxiogenic-like behavior since they decreased open arms time and open arms entries and simultaneously increased close arms time.
Introduction: Hemp is considered a nutritional and narcotic plant; whole hempseed has almost 3% s... more Introduction: Hemp is considered a nutritional and narcotic plant; whole hempseed has almost 3% saturated fatty acids and 28% unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of hempseed on lipid profiles of male rats. Materials and Methods: After ...
... 9. Paramasvaran S, Krishnasamy M, Lee HL, John Jeffery, Lokman Hakim, Naseem Bibi Malik, Reha... more ... 9. Paramasvaran S, Krishnasamy M, Lee HL, John Jeffery, Lokman Hakim, Naseem Bibi Malik, Rehana Abdullah Sani, Santhana Raj L: Helminth infections in small mammals from Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve and the risk to human health. Tropi Biomed; 2005; 22(2): 191–194. ...
Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a contagious fungal infection of skin caused by dermatophytes and i... more Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a contagious fungal infection of skin caused by dermatophytes and is threat to human health. In recent years, the infections caused by these fungi have been developing. Trichophyton Tonsurans is a anthropophilic dermatophyte and which causes Tinea Endothrix (hair), Tinea Corporis (body) and Tinea Unguium (nails). Microsporm Canis is a zoophilic (animal-friendly) dermatophyte which is considered as the main causes of dermatophyte infections such as Tinea Capitis, Tinea Corporis (Body) and Tinea Barbae (Bread). Rosemary is a plant whose antifungal effects have been proven by several studies. The current study intended to investigate the antifungal effects of rosemary on Trichophyton Tonsurans and Microsporum Canis. To this end, the antifungal activities of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of rosemary leaves against the intended fungi were, first, examined based on agar dilution method. Next, the most effective extract was fractioned based on decantation method. The antifungal effects of the observed fractions on the intended fungi was assessed. Afterwards, the most effective fraction was fractionated in Chloroform and pure ethyl stat based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using pure chloroform solvents and ethyl stat mixtures %1, %3 and %5, and their antifungal activities fungi were examined against the intended fungi. Finally, the most effective SPE fraction was measured in terms of Keratinase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, Terbinafine was used as a positive control. According to the results, both extracts showed antifungal effects. The hydro-alcoholic extract was more effective and M. Canis was more sensitive. It was indicated that N-hexane fraction of decantation, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) less than 1.25 mg/ml, had the maximum antifungal effects on the intended fungi. Amongst the SPE obtained fractions, Chloroform %100 with a MIC of 1.25mg/ml and a MIC of 0.625 mg/ml had anti-dermatophyte effects respectively on Trichophyton Tonsurans and Microsporum Canis. Consequently, it was found that Keratinase inhibition is not the most effective fraction mechanism. To conclude, hydro-alcoholic extract, N-hexane fraction of decantation, and Chloroform %100 fraction of SPE had anti-dermatophyte index; however, their potency was not comparable with Terbinafine.
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2010
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in tradition... more Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in traditional medicine. The potential of this plant to protect against complications of menopause has been raised but rarely studied. Twenty female rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and three other ovariectomized groups: HST1%, HST2% and HST10% which received 1%, 2% and 10% hempseed, respectively, in their diet for 3 weeks. The effects of hempseed on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, estradiol and calcium levels were evaluated. Rats were tested for behavioral changes using the forced swimming test. The results showed that ovariectomy, independent of the type of diet, caused elevation of plasma calcium, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, while hempseed modified this effect. Plasma estradiol levels were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to other groups. The swimming times for the OVX and sham groups were significantly shorter than that of the HSD10% group. All hempseed-treated groups were less anxious and showed significant declines in fecal boli compared to the sham group. The exploratory diving percent decreased in the HST10% group compared with other groups. These results suggest that hempseed may improve post-ovariectomy complications in rats.
Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2010
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in tradition... more Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in traditional medicine. The potential of this plant to protect against complications of menopause has been raised but rarely studied. Twenty female rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and three other ovariectomized groups: HST1%, HST2% and HST10% which received 1%, 2% and 10% hempseed, respectively, in their diet for 3 weeks. The effects of hempseed on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, estradiol and calcium levels were evaluated. Rats were tested for behavioral changes using the forced swimming test. The results showed that ovariectomy, independent of the type of diet, caused elevation of plasma calcium, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, while hempseed modified this effect. Plasma estradiol levels were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to other groups. The swimming times for the OVX and sham groups were significantly shorter than that of the HSD10% group. All hempseed-treated groups were less anxious and showed significant declines in fecal boli compared to the sham group. The exploratory diving percent decreased in the HST10% group compared with other groups. These results suggest that hempseed may improve post-ovariectomy complications in rats.
This study determined the effects of maternal dietary intake of hemp seed on reproductive and neu... more This study determined the effects of maternal dietary intake of hemp seed on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points of Wistar rats. Time-mated rats were fed 100% hemp seed (n = 15), 50% hemp seed (n = 15) or basal diet (n = 15) once a day. The amount of food made available was based on control feed consumption records. All dams remained on their respective diets from premating (14 days) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all pups were given their maternal diet until puberty. Mating and delivery weights of dams in all groups did not show significant changes. Number of pregnancies, number and post-natal survival rate of total rat pups, litter size and milk yield were lower in the group that received 100% hemp seed. Offspring that received 50% hemp seed diet expressed reproductive and neurobehavioral end points from a modified Fox battery earlier than rats on 100% hemp seed or basal diet, except acoustic startle results where no differences appeared. In conclusion, this study shows that hemp seed supplementation does not improve the reproductive and neurobehavioral performances of rats. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should be cautious about the using of Cannabis sativa L. byproducts in their diets.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ingestion of powder of hemp seed on ... more The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ingestion of powder of hemp seed on blood picture. This study was experienced on five guinea pigs that fed with normal diet (fresh vegetable and tab water), in addition were force-fed 5 g/kg/day of the powder of hemp seed for 60 days by means of an endogastric tube and syringe. At the beginning day and the termination of study day-60 the blood was taken from animals and the erythrocyte number, leukocyte number, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin concentration values were determined. The result on analysis showed that erythrocyte-count and PCV significantly decreased (p < 0.05) whereas hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte number values showed a steady decline which was not significant (P > 0.05). None of the values fell below the normal physiological range of the experimental animals. This shows that hemp seed which contains tetrahydrocannabinols as its active constituents has long term significant toxicological implication such as bone marrow suppression with respect to the concentration given on the erythrocytes of mammals. It is recommended that individuals who have anemia or immunity complication should not use hemp seed in their food preparation on regular basis.
Therapeutic potential of in vitro maturation (IVM) in infertility is growing with great promise. ... more Therapeutic potential of in vitro maturation (IVM) in infertility is growing with great promise. Although significant progress is obtained in recent years, existing IVM protocols are far from favorable results. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether two step IVM manner change reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total anti- oxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The second aim was to find the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on oocyte maturation rate and on ROS/TAC levels during IVM. In this experimental study, mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes divided into cumulus denuded oocytes (DOs) and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) groups. GVs were matured in vitro in the presence or absence of ALA only for 18 hours (control) or with pre-culture of forskolin plus cilostamide for an additional 18 hours. Matured oocytes obtained following 18 and 36 hours based on experimental design. In parallel, the ROS and TAC levels were measured at different time (0, 18 and 36 hours)...
... Report ISAAC KARIMI, JAVAD YOUSEFI and ALI GHASHGHAI ... It also means that the presence of t... more ... Report ISAAC KARIMI, JAVAD YOUSEFI and ALI GHASHGHAI ... It also means that the presence of this plant in the pasture could serve as a source of toxicosis to grazing animals. AL-Sultan and Yehia [ 6] have reported acute toxicity of E. heliscopia in various organs of rats. ...
ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anes... more ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anesthesia in the mandibular regions of Mehraban sheep. The distance between the lateral ends of the alveolus of the incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 2.07±0.45 cm. The length and maximum height of the mandibles were 15.76±2.25 and 9.57±2.71 cm, respectively. The distance from caudal border of mandible to beneath of mandibular foramen was 1.74±0.33 cm, while the distance from mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible and caudal border of the mandible to the level of mandibular foramen were 4.14±0.47 and 1.35±0.29 cm, respectively. The length of diastema was measured 3.98±0.48 cm. KEY WORDS: Mandible, Mehraban sheep, Diastema, Morphometry
Modafinil, a novel wake-promoting agent with low potential for abuse and dependence, has a reliab... more Modafinil, a novel wake-promoting agent with low potential for abuse and dependence, has a reliable structure to find some novel derivatives with better activity and lower potential for abuse and risk of dependency. This study was designed to evaluate psychobiological activity of some novel N-aryl modafinil derivatives. Seven novel N-aryl modafinil derivatives were synthesized through three reactions: a) preparation of benzhydrylsulfanyl acetic acid through reaction of benzhydrol with thioglycolic acid, b) formation of desired amide by adding the substituted aniline to activated acid with EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amino propyl) carbodiimide). This reaction was catalyzed by HOBt (N- hydroxylbenzotriazole), and c) oxidation of sulfur to sulfoxide group with H2O2. Then, their psychobiological effect on the performance of male albino mice were compared to that of modafinil as following: wakefulness by determining the effects of derivatives on phenobarbital-induced loss of the righting reflex (LOPR); exploratory activity by measuring activity in the open field test (OFT); depression by measuring immobility time (IT) during forced swimming test (FST) and the anxiogenic and anxiolytic like effects by using elevated plus-maze test (EPM). All tests were videotaped and analyzed for the frequency and duration of the behaviors during the procedures. 2-(Benzhydrylsulfonyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide (4c) showed comparable result in LOPR test. However, all analogs were found to be stimulant except 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-phenylacetamide (4a). Also 4c led the most exploratory activity in mice among derivatives. FST results showed that 4a had the longest IT while modafinil, 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-(3-chlorophenyl) acetamide (4b) and 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl) acetamide (4d) had the shortest IT. In EPM, all derivatives showed anxiogenic-like behavior since they decreased open arms time and open arms entries and simultaneously increased close arms time.
Introduction: Hemp is considered a nutritional and narcotic plant; whole hempseed has almost 3% s... more Introduction: Hemp is considered a nutritional and narcotic plant; whole hempseed has almost 3% saturated fatty acids and 28% unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of hempseed on lipid profiles of male rats. Materials and Methods: After ...
... 9. Paramasvaran S, Krishnasamy M, Lee HL, John Jeffery, Lokman Hakim, Naseem Bibi Malik, Reha... more ... 9. Paramasvaran S, Krishnasamy M, Lee HL, John Jeffery, Lokman Hakim, Naseem Bibi Malik, Rehana Abdullah Sani, Santhana Raj L: Helminth infections in small mammals from Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve and the risk to human health. Tropi Biomed; 2005; 22(2): 191–194. ...
This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anesthesia in... more This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anesthesia in the mandibular regions of Mehraban sheep. The distance between the lateral ends of the alveolus of the incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 2.07±0.45 cm. The length and maximum height of the mandibles were 15.76±2.25 cm and 9.57±2.71 cm, respectively. The distance from caudal border of mandible to beneath of mandibular foramen was 1.74±0.33 cm, while the distance from the mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible and caudal border of mandible to the level of mandibular foramen were 4.14±0.47 cm and 1.35±0.29 cm, respectively and the length of diastema was measured 3.98±0.48 cm.
The western Iran is unique and diverse in geographical locations and ethnic groups, mainly Kurdis... more The western Iran is unique and diverse in geographical locations and ethnic groups, mainly Kurdish group. The aim of this study was to gather and to record antiparsitic remedies that still used in Kurdish tribes in western Iran. The research area included the most populated parts of the Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces, mainly Kermanshah, Sahneh, Songhor, Dalahu, Javanrood, Sanadaj, and Kamyaran. The studies were done by Kurdish language scholars of veterinary medicine. A purposive sample of 15 participants was created from interviewing of herbalists, farm women, the old, farmers, shepherds, animal breeders, horse trainers and chiropractic men. Among them only market herbalist refused to participate in interviewing sessions more than 1 to 2 times. Twenty plants with documented antiparasitic activity are reported here. Andropogon nardus, Artemisia multellina vill, Achilla mountanica, Astragalus gossypinus Fisch; Artemisia absinthium, Cucurbita verrucosa,Cinchona officinalis, Gossypium herbaceum, Marrubium vulgar, Polygonum aviculaveofficinal, Hippophae rhamnoides, Red berries of Willow thorn (Tarou in Kurdish), Pisum sativum, Allium ampeloprassum, Satureja hortensis, Tragopogon porrifolius,Salix spp., Allium spp., Allium Moly, Rubia tinctorium are used as vermicidal remedies in Kurdistan. A functional soup made of lentil, saffron and blackseed is used by Kurdish people as an antiparasitic meal. Overall, due to the lack of interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency to migrate to cities for lucrative jobs, there is possibility of losing the wealth of knowledge of Kurdish ethnomedicine in the near future. It thus becomes necessary to acquire and preserve this traditional system of medicine.
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