Five new species of Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae) are described from Thailand, two from sect. Dendro... more Five new species of Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae) are described from Thailand, two from sect. Dendrocolla: T. alboluteum (South-West floristic region), T. praetermissum (East); and three from sect. Thrixspermum: T. simile (South-East), T. flammeum (East), T. polystictum (East). Descriptions, illustrations, notes on distribution, ecology, phenology, conservation status, and morphological comparisons with allied species are provided. Thrixspermum musciflorum and its variety nilagiricum are reduced to the synonymy of T. formosanum. Thrixspermum album is reduced to the synonymy of T. pulchellum. We select a lectotype and an epitype for T. trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze and provide a detailed description of this common but so far incompletely known species.
Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages... more Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages in molecular phylogenetic trees of Narcissus. It is possible that the morphological similarity is a product of both historic and current low-level gene flow between these lineages. For the first time, we report population sampling from across the entire range of distribution covering the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. In total, 455 samples were collected from 59 populations. Plastid DNA sequences of matK and ndhF were generated alongside 11 microsatellite loci to permit comparison between plastid and nuclear lineage histories. The plastid DNA phylogenetic tree was highly congruent with previous molecular studies and supported the recognition of these two lineages of hoop-petticoat daffodils as separate sections. Assignment of samples to sections sometimes differed between plastid DNA and (nuclear) microsatellite data. In these cases, the taxa had previously been the focus of dissent in ...
Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA region o... more Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA region of 60 Fusarium culmorum isolates (section Discolor), representing different hosts and diverse geographical origins was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), coupled with sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships of these F. culmorum isolates were estimated in relation to Fusarium spp. from this and other sections of the form‐genus, using sequences available from Genbank. The amplified ITS region was approximately 570 bp long in 56 isolates and approximately 585 bp in four other isolates. The inferred phylogeny distinguished clearly four isolates supplied as F. culmorum. These isolates differed in both morphology and sequence from the remaining F. culmorum material. Sequence analysis revealed that the remaining 56 isolates were divided into three ITS types, within which the divergence was extremely low. ITS sequence comparison among the Fusarium isolates showed two major clades, one comprising sections Discolor, Sporotrichiella and Gibbosum and the other comprising Elegans, Liseola, Martiella and Roseum. These results demonstrate the use of the ITS region to resolve the identification and taxonomic problems of Fusarium spp. especially at sectional level but demonstrate the need to develop some other molecular markers for identification at the level of species or race.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Two putative hybrids between Kalmia and Rhododendron, their suspected progenitor species and rela... more Two putative hybrids between Kalmia and Rhododendron, their suspected progenitor species and related taxa were submitted to DNA sequencing of cpDNA trnL-F and nrDNA ITS regions in order to test whether there was DNA sequence evidence both for hybridization per se and for the direction of the cross should one be evident. Comparison of eight DNA sequences from these putative hybrids with Rhododendron and Kalmia species showed clear evidence of origin within Rhododendron. No evidence of Kalmia DNA was detected. These putative intergeneric hybrids appear to be mutants of Rhododendron and not of hybrid origin.
Key words: Cyperaceae. - Phylogeny, rbcL, parsimony, subfamilial classification, tribal classific... more Key words: Cyperaceae. - Phylogeny, rbcL, parsimony, subfamilial classification, tribal classification. Abstraet: The phylogeny of suprageneric groups in Cyperaceae has been examined by cladistic analysis of rbcL sequence data of 80 species in 40 genera. The results ...
Aim The Mediterranean region is a species‐rich area with a complex geographical history. Geograp... more Aim The Mediterranean region is a species‐rich area with a complex geographical history. Geographical barriers have been removed and restored due to sea level changes and local climatic change. Such barriers have been proposed as a plausible mechanism driving the high levels of speciation and endemism in the Mediterranean basin. This raises the fundamental question: is allopatric isolation the mechanism by which speciation occurs? This study explores the potential driving influence of palaeo‐geographical events on the speciation of Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae), a group with most species endemic to the Mediterranean region. Cyclamen species have been shown experimentally to have few genetic barriers to hybridization.Location The Mediterranean region, including northern Africa, extending eastwards to the Black Sea coast.Methods A generic level molecular phylogeny of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae is constructed, using Bayesian approximation, to produce a secondary age estimate for the stem lineage of Cyclamen. This estimate is used to calibrate temporally an infrageneric phylogeny of Cyclamen, built with nrDNA ITS, cpDNA trnL‐F and cpDNA rps16 sequences. A biogeographical analysis of Cyclamen is performed using dispersal–vicariance analysis.Results The emergence of the Cyclamen stem lineage is estimated at 30.1–29.2 Ma, and the crown divergence at 12.9–12.2 Ma. The average age of Cyclamen species is 3.7 Myr. Every pair of sister species have mutually exclusive, allopatric distributions relative to each other. This pattern appears typical of divergence events throughout the evolutionary history of the genus.Main conclusions Geographical barriers, such as the varying levels of the Mediterranean Sea, are the most plausible explanation for speciation events throughout the phylogenetic history of Cyclamen. The genus demonstrates distributional patterns congruent with the temporally reticulate palaeogeography of the Mediterranean region.
... Document details. Title A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. I. Phylogenetic studies u... more ... Document details. Title A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. I. Phylogenetic studies using ITS sequences. Authors Zare, R.; Gams, W.; Culham, A. Journal Nova Hedwigia 2000 Vol. 71 No. 3/4 pp. 465-480 ISSN 0029-5035 Record Number 20023073040. Abstract. ...
A leaf and twig blight disease of Buxus spp. was found to be associated with a new species of Cyl... more A leaf and twig blight disease of Buxus spp. was found to be associated with a new species of Cylindrocladium. The novel species status was confirmed using morphological characters, sequencing of the ribosomal 5.8S RNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the β-tubulin gene, and the high mobility group (HMG) of the MAT2 mating type gene. Cylindrocladium buxicola is proposed as a new name. Fifteen isolates from the UK and one isolate from New Zealand were paired in all combinations but no fertile perithecia were obtained suggesting that C. buxicola is heterothallic and all isolates belonged to one mating type. AFLP analysis showed that the isolates collected in the UK and New Zealand are genetically homogenous. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that this species falls within a new lineage.
ABSTRACT Five new species of Urophyllum Wall. endemic to Cambodia and Viêtnam are herein describe... more ABSTRACT Five new species of Urophyllum Wall. endemic to Cambodia and Viêtnam are herein described and illustrated, and U. annamense (Pierre ex Pit.) Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, stat. nov. is raised to species status. The new species are unique due to the morphological combination of indumentum, secondary venation, stipule shape and inflorescence structure as follows: U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: plant almost glabrous, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, stipule glabrous, oblong-lanceolate; U. chinense subsp. latistipulum Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara & Utteridge, subsp. nov.: similar appearance to the U. bidoupense but differs with stipule ovate to elliptic, hairy along the midline; U. brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: stem and branches hairy, adaxial leaf surface hairy on midrib and secondary veins, secondary veins conspicuously brochidodromous, stipule hairy, lanceolate; U. pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: plant glabrous, secondary veins festooned brochidodromous, stipule glabrous and subcordate, inflorescence sessile; U. pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov.: stem and branches hairy to subglabrous, secondary veins festooned brochidodromous, stipule sparsely to densely hairy, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, pistillate flower with no staminodes. An identification key to Urophyllum species of Cambodia, Laos and Viêtnam is provided. Point occurrence maps are presented for each species, as well as provisional conservation assessments based on IUCN guidelines.
A study of the seeds of Entada Adans. revealed three distinct species and one species group. In c... more A study of the seeds of Entada Adans. revealed three distinct species and one species group. In contrast, the seedlings of the genus could be identified to species by first leaf morphology. The two sections of Entada growing in Zambia were shown to have distinct patterns of germination: sect. Entada has epigeal germination while sect. Neoentada Brenan has hypogeal germination. Means of identification of these species are described and the taxonomic implications discussed.
Five new species of Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae) are described from Thailand, two from sect. Dendro... more Five new species of Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae) are described from Thailand, two from sect. Dendrocolla: T. alboluteum (South-West floristic region), T. praetermissum (East); and three from sect. Thrixspermum: T. simile (South-East), T. flammeum (East), T. polystictum (East). Descriptions, illustrations, notes on distribution, ecology, phenology, conservation status, and morphological comparisons with allied species are provided. Thrixspermum musciflorum and its variety nilagiricum are reduced to the synonymy of T. formosanum. Thrixspermum album is reduced to the synonymy of T. pulchellum. We select a lectotype and an epitype for T. trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze and provide a detailed description of this common but so far incompletely known species.
Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages... more Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages in molecular phylogenetic trees of Narcissus. It is possible that the morphological similarity is a product of both historic and current low-level gene flow between these lineages. For the first time, we report population sampling from across the entire range of distribution covering the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. In total, 455 samples were collected from 59 populations. Plastid DNA sequences of matK and ndhF were generated alongside 11 microsatellite loci to permit comparison between plastid and nuclear lineage histories. The plastid DNA phylogenetic tree was highly congruent with previous molecular studies and supported the recognition of these two lineages of hoop-petticoat daffodils as separate sections. Assignment of samples to sections sometimes differed between plastid DNA and (nuclear) microsatellite data. In these cases, the taxa had previously been the focus of dissent in ...
Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA region o... more Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA region of 60 Fusarium culmorum isolates (section Discolor), representing different hosts and diverse geographical origins was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), coupled with sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships of these F. culmorum isolates were estimated in relation to Fusarium spp. from this and other sections of the form‐genus, using sequences available from Genbank. The amplified ITS region was approximately 570 bp long in 56 isolates and approximately 585 bp in four other isolates. The inferred phylogeny distinguished clearly four isolates supplied as F. culmorum. These isolates differed in both morphology and sequence from the remaining F. culmorum material. Sequence analysis revealed that the remaining 56 isolates were divided into three ITS types, within which the divergence was extremely low. ITS sequence comparison among the Fusarium isolates showed two major clades, one comprising sections Discolor, Sporotrichiella and Gibbosum and the other comprising Elegans, Liseola, Martiella and Roseum. These results demonstrate the use of the ITS region to resolve the identification and taxonomic problems of Fusarium spp. especially at sectional level but demonstrate the need to develop some other molecular markers for identification at the level of species or race.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Two putative hybrids between Kalmia and Rhododendron, their suspected progenitor species and rela... more Two putative hybrids between Kalmia and Rhododendron, their suspected progenitor species and related taxa were submitted to DNA sequencing of cpDNA trnL-F and nrDNA ITS regions in order to test whether there was DNA sequence evidence both for hybridization per se and for the direction of the cross should one be evident. Comparison of eight DNA sequences from these putative hybrids with Rhododendron and Kalmia species showed clear evidence of origin within Rhododendron. No evidence of Kalmia DNA was detected. These putative intergeneric hybrids appear to be mutants of Rhododendron and not of hybrid origin.
Key words: Cyperaceae. - Phylogeny, rbcL, parsimony, subfamilial classification, tribal classific... more Key words: Cyperaceae. - Phylogeny, rbcL, parsimony, subfamilial classification, tribal classification. Abstraet: The phylogeny of suprageneric groups in Cyperaceae has been examined by cladistic analysis of rbcL sequence data of 80 species in 40 genera. The results ...
Aim The Mediterranean region is a species‐rich area with a complex geographical history. Geograp... more Aim The Mediterranean region is a species‐rich area with a complex geographical history. Geographical barriers have been removed and restored due to sea level changes and local climatic change. Such barriers have been proposed as a plausible mechanism driving the high levels of speciation and endemism in the Mediterranean basin. This raises the fundamental question: is allopatric isolation the mechanism by which speciation occurs? This study explores the potential driving influence of palaeo‐geographical events on the speciation of Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae), a group with most species endemic to the Mediterranean region. Cyclamen species have been shown experimentally to have few genetic barriers to hybridization.Location The Mediterranean region, including northern Africa, extending eastwards to the Black Sea coast.Methods A generic level molecular phylogeny of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae is constructed, using Bayesian approximation, to produce a secondary age estimate for the stem lineage of Cyclamen. This estimate is used to calibrate temporally an infrageneric phylogeny of Cyclamen, built with nrDNA ITS, cpDNA trnL‐F and cpDNA rps16 sequences. A biogeographical analysis of Cyclamen is performed using dispersal–vicariance analysis.Results The emergence of the Cyclamen stem lineage is estimated at 30.1–29.2 Ma, and the crown divergence at 12.9–12.2 Ma. The average age of Cyclamen species is 3.7 Myr. Every pair of sister species have mutually exclusive, allopatric distributions relative to each other. This pattern appears typical of divergence events throughout the evolutionary history of the genus.Main conclusions Geographical barriers, such as the varying levels of the Mediterranean Sea, are the most plausible explanation for speciation events throughout the phylogenetic history of Cyclamen. The genus demonstrates distributional patterns congruent with the temporally reticulate palaeogeography of the Mediterranean region.
... Document details. Title A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. I. Phylogenetic studies u... more ... Document details. Title A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. I. Phylogenetic studies using ITS sequences. Authors Zare, R.; Gams, W.; Culham, A. Journal Nova Hedwigia 2000 Vol. 71 No. 3/4 pp. 465-480 ISSN 0029-5035 Record Number 20023073040. Abstract. ...
A leaf and twig blight disease of Buxus spp. was found to be associated with a new species of Cyl... more A leaf and twig blight disease of Buxus spp. was found to be associated with a new species of Cylindrocladium. The novel species status was confirmed using morphological characters, sequencing of the ribosomal 5.8S RNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the β-tubulin gene, and the high mobility group (HMG) of the MAT2 mating type gene. Cylindrocladium buxicola is proposed as a new name. Fifteen isolates from the UK and one isolate from New Zealand were paired in all combinations but no fertile perithecia were obtained suggesting that C. buxicola is heterothallic and all isolates belonged to one mating type. AFLP analysis showed that the isolates collected in the UK and New Zealand are genetically homogenous. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that this species falls within a new lineage.
ABSTRACT Five new species of Urophyllum Wall. endemic to Cambodia and Viêtnam are herein describe... more ABSTRACT Five new species of Urophyllum Wall. endemic to Cambodia and Viêtnam are herein described and illustrated, and U. annamense (Pierre ex Pit.) Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, stat. nov. is raised to species status. The new species are unique due to the morphological combination of indumentum, secondary venation, stipule shape and inflorescence structure as follows: U. bidoupense Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: plant almost glabrous, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, stipule glabrous, oblong-lanceolate; U. chinense subsp. latistipulum Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara & Utteridge, subsp. nov.: similar appearance to the U. bidoupense but differs with stipule ovate to elliptic, hairy along the midline; U. brochidodromum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: stem and branches hairy, adaxial leaf surface hairy on midrib and secondary veins, secondary veins conspicuously brochidodromous, stipule hairy, lanceolate; U. pulchristipulum Yooprasert, Culham & Utteridge, sp. nov.: plant glabrous, secondary veins festooned brochidodromous, stipule glabrous and subcordate, inflorescence sessile; U. pseudoschmidtii Yooprasert, Culham, Yahara, Tagane & Utteridge, sp. nov.: stem and branches hairy to subglabrous, secondary veins festooned brochidodromous, stipule sparsely to densely hairy, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, pistillate flower with no staminodes. An identification key to Urophyllum species of Cambodia, Laos and Viêtnam is provided. Point occurrence maps are presented for each species, as well as provisional conservation assessments based on IUCN guidelines.
A study of the seeds of Entada Adans. revealed three distinct species and one species group. In c... more A study of the seeds of Entada Adans. revealed three distinct species and one species group. In contrast, the seedlings of the genus could be identified to species by first leaf morphology. The two sections of Entada growing in Zambia were shown to have distinct patterns of germination: sect. Entada has epigeal germination while sect. Neoentada Brenan has hypogeal germination. Means of identification of these species are described and the taxonomic implications discussed.
Modelling the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in a phylogenetic context combines the di... more Modelling the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in a phylogenetic context combines the disparate disciplines of phylogenetics, geographic information systems, niche ecology and climate change research. Each subject has its own approach, literature and data. Th e strength of an integrative research, known as ‘phyloclimatic modelling ’, is that it provides novel insights into the possible interactions of life and climate over millions of years. However, the risk is that problems associated with each subject area might be compounded if analyses are not conducted with care. Th e continuous development of analytical approaches and the steady increase in data availability have offered new opportunities for data combination. Modelling techniques and output for climate, ecological niche modelling, phylogeny reconstruction and temporal calibration are becoming stronger, and the reliability of results is quantifiable. In contrast, there is still a desperate lack of fundamental data on organismal distribution and on fossil history of lineages. When theories of taxonomic delimitation change, there are subsequent changes in organismal names. Th is creates diffi culty for name-based data retrieval, but techniques are being developed to reduce this problem. Improvements in theory, associated tools and data availability will broaden the applicability of phyloclimatic modelling .
This simplified guide graphically illustrates over 100 of the more important plant families that ... more This simplified guide graphically illustrates over 100 of the more important plant families that shape our lives and environment. It includes an introduction to the APG 3 DNA-based classification of plants, a description of each family including key diagnostic features, distribution and economic uses; a glossary of the specialist terms used in the text; meticulous colour illustrations by botanical artists, APG III; an appendix providing latest APG 111 classification, listing 413 families.
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Completely revised update of the classic bestselling reference book Flowering Plants of the Wor... more • Completely revised update of the classic bestselling reference book Flowering Plants of the World • Written by a team of internationally acknowledged experts; eighteen affiliated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew • A definitive survey of flowering plants worldwide, bringing to the forefront the latest views on their classification and relationships • Book is first comprehensive guide to flowering plant families based on the landmark Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s (APG) –system introduced in 1998 • Comprehensive accounts of 506 plant families (increase of 200 on 1st edition which covered 306 families) • Meticulously detailed artworks by professional botanical artists reveal the intricacies and beauty of plant anatomy and morphology (over 1,000 illustrations) • Includes a glossary of specialist terms used in the text • Comprehensive index includes plant names in both Latin and English
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approach, literature and data. Th e strength of an integrative research, known as ‘phyloclimatic modelling ’, is that it provides novel insights into the possible interactions of life and climate over millions of years. However, the risk is that problems associated with each subject area might be compounded if analyses are not conducted with care. Th e continuous development of analytical approaches and the steady increase in data availability have offered new opportunities for data combination. Modelling techniques and output for climate, ecological niche modelling, phylogeny reconstruction and temporal calibration are becoming stronger, and the reliability of results is quantifiable. In contrast, there is still a desperate lack
of fundamental data on organismal distribution and on fossil history of lineages. When theories of taxonomic delimitation change, there are subsequent changes in organismal names. Th is creates diffi culty for name-based data retrieval, but techniques are being developed to reduce this problem. Improvements in theory, associated tools and data availability will broaden the applicability of phyloclimatic
modelling .
Completely revised update of the classic bestselling reference book Flowering Plants of the World
•
Written by a team of internationally acknowledged experts; eighteen affiliated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
•
A definitive survey of flowering plants worldwide, bringing to the forefront the latest views on their classification and relationships
•
Book is first comprehensive guide to flowering plant families based on the landmark Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s (APG) –system introduced in 1998
•
Comprehensive accounts of 506 plant families (increase of 200 on 1st edition which covered 306 families)
•
Meticulously detailed artworks by professional botanical artists reveal the intricacies and beauty of plant anatomy and morphology (over 1,000 illustrations)
•
Includes a glossary of specialist terms used in the text
•
Comprehensive index includes plant names in both Latin and English