Background: The impact of undergraduate mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) training on ... more Background: The impact of undergraduate mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) training on graduate workplace-based assessment is not well documented. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate trainee and assessor impressions of undergraduate mini-CEX training on clinical performance of Rehman Medical College (RMC) graduates posted at two affiliated teaching hospitals in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study, conducted at RMC, Peshawar, and its two affiliated teaching hospitals from January to February 2017 through universal sampling included 96 house officers (48 RMC graduates with mini-CEX experience and 48 graduates of other medical colleges without mini-CEX experience) and their 12 clinical consultants. Two questionnaire-based surveys (faculty and graduates) were conducted to evaluate the clinical performance, utilizing Kirkpatrick's model for evaluation. A data analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics. Results: The faculty survey for evaluating graduate performance yielded the significant scores for attitude (p = 0.02) and work ethics (p = 0.002) of RMC graduates; 58.3% of the faculty regarded mini-CEX as a valuable tool for improving clinical skills, attitude, and perceptions during undergraduate clinical training. RMC graduates (p < 0.001) attributed their preparedness, attitudes, work ethics, confidence, punctuality, and response to duty to mini-CEX; 50% agreed that mini-CEX can be a good tool for formative assessment in undergraduate clinical training. Conclusion: Undergraduate mini-CEX training can be used as a valid, feasible, and reliable tool to assess professional workplace-based performance of graduates.
Background: Barodontalgia is defined as oral pain occurring due to changes in ambient pressure. I... more Background: Barodontalgia is defined as oral pain occurring due to changes in ambient pressure. It can be severe enough to cause inflight incapacitation and has a tendency to go undiagnosed in regular sickbays. There is a large variation in incidence of Barodontalgia in the literature and major fraction of epidemiological data on Barodontalgia has been compiled from military flight simulations. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of in-flight Barodontalgia in Pakistani military and civilian aircrew. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on (non-patient) civilian as well as military pilots. Subjects were given standardized and anonymous questionnaires to complete regarding demographic and professional characteristics, occurrence of oral pain during flying, character of pain, treatment seeking and recurrence of the pain. Results: Out of the 100 subjects, 51 responded (response rate of 51%), with mean age 30.31 ± 5.634 Years; 17.6% (09) of these participants (All Civilian) reported at least one event of barodontalgia during their career. A total of 88 %(8/9) of pilots visited their dentists after they had oral pain. The diagnosis rendered by their dental surgeons was always dental pain. None of the patients reported recurrence of the disease or premature mission termination due to dental pain. None of the military Pilots reported a n y e v e n t o f Barodontalgia. Conclusion: Barodontalgia was reported exclusively by commercial pilots, which was of a minor non-recurrent nature and did not disrupt their health or flight routines.
Introduction: In 2014, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar introduced Executive Health scree... more Introduction: In 2014, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar introduced Executive Health screening in a designated setting, offering detailed health checkup , diagnostic screening and reporting with counselling regarding risks. Initially packages were named as Gold, Silver and Know Your Heart. In 2016 it was observed that the packages were not addressing the age and gender wise issues and were being utilized as per affordability of clients. Hence as per international guidelines new packages were introduced which were age and gender specific. This study was conducted to evaluate the utilization, outcome and clients' satisfaction. Materials & Methods: The data were collected from June 2018 to July 2019 from clinical record of Executive Health checkup RMI. It is a descriptive study, based on secondary data. Study has various variables including socio-demographic, health alarms / concerns of patients, screening investigations done, and illnesses identified. Through SPSS version 20 Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. Results: During the 12 months study period, 169 patients attended, 140(82.8%) male and 29(17.2%) female; the majority 103(61%) were in age group 31-50 years. Most 138(81.7%) were married, and from Pakistan, 138(81.7%). Most clients, 44(26%) were above 40 & males, followed by men below 40 years of age, 36(21.3%), while 15(8.9%) were women above 40 years and 11(6.5%) women below 40 years; all were given their age and gender specific packages. The spectrum of presenting complaints indicated that most patients, 09(12.7%) had multisystem issues. Among screened participants, 161(95.3%) had abnormal test results, of which 12(12.8%) were only abnormal laboratory findings, 161(95.3%) only radiological abnormalities, 131(77.5%) multiple abnormal investigations, and 123(72.8%) only cardiologic abnormalities. Based on client feedback, none expressed dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Executive health services at Rehman Medical Institute were efficiently consumed by patients and facilitated to diagnose unknown health issues at an initial stage. Patient satisfaction level was high.
To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Mini-CEX as a formative WPBA tool at Rehman Medi... more To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Mini-CEX as a formative WPBA tool at Rehman Medical College. To compare the annual exam short case scores of students with their internal Mini-CEX scores. Study design: Cross Sectional study.
The Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (GCC) aims to stop the export o... more The Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (GCC) aims to stop the export of unethical research practices from higher to lower income settings. Launched in 2018, the GCC was immediately adopted by European Commission funding streams for application in research that is situated in lower and lower-middle income countries. Other institutions soon followed suit. This article reports on the application of the GCC in two of the first UK-funded projects to implement this new code, one situated in India and one in Pakistan. Through systematic ethics evaluation of both projects, the practical application of the GCC in real-world environments was tested. The findings of this ethics evaluation suggest that while there are challenges for implementation, application of the GCC can promote equity in international research collaborations.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Herbal and Ayurvedic preparations, widely used in Pakistan and the developing world, present seri... more Herbal and Ayurvedic preparations, widely used in Pakistan and the developing world, present serious risk of heavy metal toxicity related to their medicinal content and prolonged use by patients. The objective of this study was to find out the concentration of heavy metals in Herbal & Ayurvedic liquid preparations commonly used for treatment of different diseases, from local markets of Hazara. The cross sectional survey of traditional herbal & Ayurvedic medicine shops included ten liquid preparations selected from local shops of Mansehra and Abbottabad after interviewing the shopkeepers; so as to select the most commonly sold preparations along with their indications. All samples were analysed on standard Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative study of toxic heavy metals (Mercury, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Manganese and Arsenic). Toxic levels of Mercury were present in seven syrups, i.e., (Kashneeze, Akseer e Pachas, Tankar, Sharbat e folad, Urosinal, Akseer e Jigar...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR... more Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control group (p=0.031). Intraoperative app...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2015
To devise a strategy for prevention of beta thalassemia in newborns through reliable screening of... more To devise a strategy for prevention of beta thalassemia in newborns through reliable screening of indexed families. The cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in 2011 and comprised blood samples collected from subjects belonging to different ethnic groups from families of beta thalassemia major children registered with the Abbottonian Medical Association Blood Care Centre, Abbottabad, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Electrophoretic separation of human haemoglobin like A, F, S and C was done and then haemoglobin in the gel was immobilised in a fixative solution and the gel was dried to a film. Haemoglobin pattern was visualised by staining the film with a protein-specific stain. The pattern was quantified by densitometry. Of the 98 samples, 57(58.2%) had b-thalassemia trait with elevated haemoglobin alpha 2 level, and 41(41.8%) had normal level. Out of the 57 carriers, 33(57.89%) were males and 24(42.10%) were females. Mean age of carriers was 11.65±6.25 y...
Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an unco... more Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an uncomplicated partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy to stage-IV choriocarinoma with cerebral metastases. We describe a partial molar change in the placenta that was associated with a normal female fetus that was delivered at term and is alive and healthy.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Although admission criteria are standardized by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC), medica... more Although admission criteria are standardized by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC), medical colleges can conduct aptitude tests as admission criteria. The present study aimed to determine the correlation of Rehman Medical College's (RMC) admission criteria with students' academic performance in the Khyber Medical University (KMU) First Professional Part-1 examinations. A descriptive study was done at RMC from December 2012 to March 2013 based on computerized records of first and second year MBBS students (years 2010 and 2011; 100 students per year). Students who dropped out or were stricken off from RMC before the university exam were excluded. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated by using SPSS-15. For 2010, highest correlation was observed between combined marks of all admission criteria components and KMU professional examination (r=0.466, p<0.001) followed by RMC aptitude test (r=0.424, p<0.001). For females, combined marks of admission criter...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Vaginal agenesis is congenital anomaly of the female genital tract and may occur as isolated deve... more Vaginal agenesis is congenital anomaly of the female genital tract and may occur as isolated developmental defect or as part of a complex of anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of vaginoplasty by using amnion as graft in the creation of neovagina for patients with Mayor-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome. this is a retrospective study of 28 cases of vaginal agenesis associated with Mayor-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome, over the period of 20 years, in which vaginoplasty was done by modified McIndoe procedure by using amnion as graft. vaginoplasty using amnion graft was successfully performed in all except one case in which rectum got opened and procedure was abandoned after the repair of rectum. The functional results were quite satisfactory. Except one case none had any significant peri-operative complication. Post surgical results were acceptable to the patients sexually and aesthetically. Although new techniques of vaginoplasty have evolved over t...
The monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) plays a central rol... more The monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) plays a central role in effective granulomatous immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in humans. The present study was conducted to document changes in the serum TNF-α level of patients after varying durations of anti-tuberculous therapy as compared to normal healthy controls. A comparative study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from January to June 2009 by selecting 64 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing standard anti-tuberculous therapy of varying durations; seventeen normal healthy individuals acted as controls. Along with other clinical and laboratory indices of disease, the serum TNF-α level was measured from patients by ELISA and compared to controls. The mean serum TNF-α levels of patients were significantly decreased as compared to controls (p<0.001); moreover, serum TNF-α levels continued to decline with increasing duration of therapy. In Conclusion Serum...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an unco... more Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an uncomplicated partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy to stage-IV choriocarinoma with cerebral metastases. We describe a partial molar change in the placenta that was associated with a normal female fetus that was delivered at term and is alive and healthy.
Background: A positive learning environment and quality of course content have an
imperative role... more Background: A positive learning environment and quality of course content have an imperative role in academic achievement of students. This study aims to assess students’ point of view about the quality of education and social environment of a public sector medical college in Pakistan. Relative scarcity of data from students’ perspective merited this study. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan, including 300 medical students from all five years of the MBBS course. Systematic random sampling was used with a kth interval of 4 for each class. Self-administered questionnaire was used and contained items related to academics, learning environment, learning resources, teaching methodologies and student-friendly activities. The data were analysed using SPSS-16. Results: There were 265 respondents (88.3%) to the questionnaire with males accounting for 58.9% (n=156). In general students showed satisfaction with quality of content being taught; however there was discontent towards various academic and non- academic facilities provided to the students. Only 44.10% and 31.50% students reported provision of academic related facilities and interactive sessions as up to mark respectively; 83% students reported that undergraduate medical research was in need of improvement; 55.5% and 60.2% reported that facilities in hostel and recreational facilities needed improvement respectively; and 52.8% students stated presence of a healthy, student friendly, encouraging environment was not up to mark. Conclusion: Although course content and teaching methodologies are generally satisfactory, a healthy, student friendly, encouraging environment is yet to be created to help students foster their abilities completely. Keywords: Medical education, Social environment, Academics, Learning resources
Objective: To measure Anthropometric data (Height and Weight) of Pakistani school children (of di... more Objective: To measure Anthropometric data (Height and Weight) of Pakistani school children (of different socioeconomic and cultural background) 3-16 year, to develop growth centile charts, based on the above measurement and to document obesity and stunting in Pakistani Paediatric population, based on the above measurement. Methods: A Cross-sectional study with multistage stratified sampling was done in a Nationwide project of Higher Education Commission (HEC, Ref no: 20-441/R&D/2008) to develop growth centile charts of Pakistani paediatric population. Study was conducted from 2006-2009. Children studying in private and government schools of the four provinces of Pakistan were included. Prior to starting the study permission from the principal of the respective school and parents was taken. A total of 12837 children with normal birth weight, complete immunization, no history of chronic infection from 36- 192 months (3-16 year) were included. Heights (cms), weight (kg), for Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2), 24 hour diet recall was obtained. All socioeconomic groups were included. Food records of the children were subjected to USDA food exchange list. Results: The average height (cms) of children was 139.11±18.44, average weight (kg) was 33.21±11.25 and average BMI was 16.76±3.22 kg/m2 (range from 11.3-41.98). The 95th centile according to CDC charts for the age groups 3-16 years were calculated. A total of 664 (5.1%) children were found to be obese. In the age group 3-5 years, >5-10 year and >10-16 year; 29 (8.1%), 272 (5.1%) and 363 (5.1%) were found to be obese, respectively. CDC height and weight in the three groups of Pakistani children >3-5 year, >5-10 year, >10-16 year were at the 10-25 centile. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of stunting was l4%. Height and weight was 10-25 centile of the CDC charts. Obesity was 5%. Pakistani centile charts of healthy children from Pakistan have been made. Keywords: School children, Height and weight centile, BMI, Stunting, Obesity Pakistan (JPMA 62: 367; 2012).
Background: The impact of undergraduate mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) training on ... more Background: The impact of undergraduate mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) training on graduate workplace-based assessment is not well documented. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate trainee and assessor impressions of undergraduate mini-CEX training on clinical performance of Rehman Medical College (RMC) graduates posted at two affiliated teaching hospitals in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study, conducted at RMC, Peshawar, and its two affiliated teaching hospitals from January to February 2017 through universal sampling included 96 house officers (48 RMC graduates with mini-CEX experience and 48 graduates of other medical colleges without mini-CEX experience) and their 12 clinical consultants. Two questionnaire-based surveys (faculty and graduates) were conducted to evaluate the clinical performance, utilizing Kirkpatrick's model for evaluation. A data analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics. Results: The faculty survey for evaluating graduate performance yielded the significant scores for attitude (p = 0.02) and work ethics (p = 0.002) of RMC graduates; 58.3% of the faculty regarded mini-CEX as a valuable tool for improving clinical skills, attitude, and perceptions during undergraduate clinical training. RMC graduates (p < 0.001) attributed their preparedness, attitudes, work ethics, confidence, punctuality, and response to duty to mini-CEX; 50% agreed that mini-CEX can be a good tool for formative assessment in undergraduate clinical training. Conclusion: Undergraduate mini-CEX training can be used as a valid, feasible, and reliable tool to assess professional workplace-based performance of graduates.
Background: Barodontalgia is defined as oral pain occurring due to changes in ambient pressure. I... more Background: Barodontalgia is defined as oral pain occurring due to changes in ambient pressure. It can be severe enough to cause inflight incapacitation and has a tendency to go undiagnosed in regular sickbays. There is a large variation in incidence of Barodontalgia in the literature and major fraction of epidemiological data on Barodontalgia has been compiled from military flight simulations. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of in-flight Barodontalgia in Pakistani military and civilian aircrew. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on (non-patient) civilian as well as military pilots. Subjects were given standardized and anonymous questionnaires to complete regarding demographic and professional characteristics, occurrence of oral pain during flying, character of pain, treatment seeking and recurrence of the pain. Results: Out of the 100 subjects, 51 responded (response rate of 51%), with mean age 30.31 ± 5.634 Years; 17.6% (09) of these participants (All Civilian) reported at least one event of barodontalgia during their career. A total of 88 %(8/9) of pilots visited their dentists after they had oral pain. The diagnosis rendered by their dental surgeons was always dental pain. None of the patients reported recurrence of the disease or premature mission termination due to dental pain. None of the military Pilots reported a n y e v e n t o f Barodontalgia. Conclusion: Barodontalgia was reported exclusively by commercial pilots, which was of a minor non-recurrent nature and did not disrupt their health or flight routines.
Introduction: In 2014, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar introduced Executive Health scree... more Introduction: In 2014, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar introduced Executive Health screening in a designated setting, offering detailed health checkup , diagnostic screening and reporting with counselling regarding risks. Initially packages were named as Gold, Silver and Know Your Heart. In 2016 it was observed that the packages were not addressing the age and gender wise issues and were being utilized as per affordability of clients. Hence as per international guidelines new packages were introduced which were age and gender specific. This study was conducted to evaluate the utilization, outcome and clients' satisfaction. Materials & Methods: The data were collected from June 2018 to July 2019 from clinical record of Executive Health checkup RMI. It is a descriptive study, based on secondary data. Study has various variables including socio-demographic, health alarms / concerns of patients, screening investigations done, and illnesses identified. Through SPSS version 20 Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. Results: During the 12 months study period, 169 patients attended, 140(82.8%) male and 29(17.2%) female; the majority 103(61%) were in age group 31-50 years. Most 138(81.7%) were married, and from Pakistan, 138(81.7%). Most clients, 44(26%) were above 40 & males, followed by men below 40 years of age, 36(21.3%), while 15(8.9%) were women above 40 years and 11(6.5%) women below 40 years; all were given their age and gender specific packages. The spectrum of presenting complaints indicated that most patients, 09(12.7%) had multisystem issues. Among screened participants, 161(95.3%) had abnormal test results, of which 12(12.8%) were only abnormal laboratory findings, 161(95.3%) only radiological abnormalities, 131(77.5%) multiple abnormal investigations, and 123(72.8%) only cardiologic abnormalities. Based on client feedback, none expressed dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Executive health services at Rehman Medical Institute were efficiently consumed by patients and facilitated to diagnose unknown health issues at an initial stage. Patient satisfaction level was high.
To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Mini-CEX as a formative WPBA tool at Rehman Medi... more To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Mini-CEX as a formative WPBA tool at Rehman Medical College. To compare the annual exam short case scores of students with their internal Mini-CEX scores. Study design: Cross Sectional study.
The Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (GCC) aims to stop the export o... more The Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (GCC) aims to stop the export of unethical research practices from higher to lower income settings. Launched in 2018, the GCC was immediately adopted by European Commission funding streams for application in research that is situated in lower and lower-middle income countries. Other institutions soon followed suit. This article reports on the application of the GCC in two of the first UK-funded projects to implement this new code, one situated in India and one in Pakistan. Through systematic ethics evaluation of both projects, the practical application of the GCC in real-world environments was tested. The findings of this ethics evaluation suggest that while there are challenges for implementation, application of the GCC can promote equity in international research collaborations.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Herbal and Ayurvedic preparations, widely used in Pakistan and the developing world, present seri... more Herbal and Ayurvedic preparations, widely used in Pakistan and the developing world, present serious risk of heavy metal toxicity related to their medicinal content and prolonged use by patients. The objective of this study was to find out the concentration of heavy metals in Herbal & Ayurvedic liquid preparations commonly used for treatment of different diseases, from local markets of Hazara. The cross sectional survey of traditional herbal & Ayurvedic medicine shops included ten liquid preparations selected from local shops of Mansehra and Abbottabad after interviewing the shopkeepers; so as to select the most commonly sold preparations along with their indications. All samples were analysed on standard Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative study of toxic heavy metals (Mercury, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Manganese and Arsenic). Toxic levels of Mercury were present in seven syrups, i.e., (Kashneeze, Akseer e Pachas, Tankar, Sharbat e folad, Urosinal, Akseer e Jigar...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR... more Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control group (p=0.031). Intraoperative app...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2015
To devise a strategy for prevention of beta thalassemia in newborns through reliable screening of... more To devise a strategy for prevention of beta thalassemia in newborns through reliable screening of indexed families. The cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in 2011 and comprised blood samples collected from subjects belonging to different ethnic groups from families of beta thalassemia major children registered with the Abbottonian Medical Association Blood Care Centre, Abbottabad, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Electrophoretic separation of human haemoglobin like A, F, S and C was done and then haemoglobin in the gel was immobilised in a fixative solution and the gel was dried to a film. Haemoglobin pattern was visualised by staining the film with a protein-specific stain. The pattern was quantified by densitometry. Of the 98 samples, 57(58.2%) had b-thalassemia trait with elevated haemoglobin alpha 2 level, and 41(41.8%) had normal level. Out of the 57 carriers, 33(57.89%) were males and 24(42.10%) were females. Mean age of carriers was 11.65±6.25 y...
Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an unco... more Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an uncomplicated partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy to stage-IV choriocarinoma with cerebral metastases. We describe a partial molar change in the placenta that was associated with a normal female fetus that was delivered at term and is alive and healthy.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Although admission criteria are standardized by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC), medica... more Although admission criteria are standardized by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC), medical colleges can conduct aptitude tests as admission criteria. The present study aimed to determine the correlation of Rehman Medical College's (RMC) admission criteria with students' academic performance in the Khyber Medical University (KMU) First Professional Part-1 examinations. A descriptive study was done at RMC from December 2012 to March 2013 based on computerized records of first and second year MBBS students (years 2010 and 2011; 100 students per year). Students who dropped out or were stricken off from RMC before the university exam were excluded. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated by using SPSS-15. For 2010, highest correlation was observed between combined marks of all admission criteria components and KMU professional examination (r=0.466, p<0.001) followed by RMC aptitude test (r=0.424, p<0.001). For females, combined marks of admission criter...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Vaginal agenesis is congenital anomaly of the female genital tract and may occur as isolated deve... more Vaginal agenesis is congenital anomaly of the female genital tract and may occur as isolated developmental defect or as part of a complex of anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of vaginoplasty by using amnion as graft in the creation of neovagina for patients with Mayor-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome. this is a retrospective study of 28 cases of vaginal agenesis associated with Mayor-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome, over the period of 20 years, in which vaginoplasty was done by modified McIndoe procedure by using amnion as graft. vaginoplasty using amnion graft was successfully performed in all except one case in which rectum got opened and procedure was abandoned after the repair of rectum. The functional results were quite satisfactory. Except one case none had any significant peri-operative complication. Post surgical results were acceptable to the patients sexually and aesthetically. Although new techniques of vaginoplasty have evolved over t...
The monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) plays a central rol... more The monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) plays a central role in effective granulomatous immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in humans. The present study was conducted to document changes in the serum TNF-α level of patients after varying durations of anti-tuberculous therapy as compared to normal healthy controls. A comparative study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from January to June 2009 by selecting 64 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing standard anti-tuberculous therapy of varying durations; seventeen normal healthy individuals acted as controls. Along with other clinical and laboratory indices of disease, the serum TNF-α level was measured from patients by ELISA and compared to controls. The mean serum TNF-α levels of patients were significantly decreased as compared to controls (p<0.001); moreover, serum TNF-α levels continued to decline with increasing duration of therapy. In Conclusion Serum...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an unco... more Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from an uncomplicated partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy to stage-IV choriocarinoma with cerebral metastases. We describe a partial molar change in the placenta that was associated with a normal female fetus that was delivered at term and is alive and healthy.
Background: A positive learning environment and quality of course content have an
imperative role... more Background: A positive learning environment and quality of course content have an imperative role in academic achievement of students. This study aims to assess students’ point of view about the quality of education and social environment of a public sector medical college in Pakistan. Relative scarcity of data from students’ perspective merited this study. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan, including 300 medical students from all five years of the MBBS course. Systematic random sampling was used with a kth interval of 4 for each class. Self-administered questionnaire was used and contained items related to academics, learning environment, learning resources, teaching methodologies and student-friendly activities. The data were analysed using SPSS-16. Results: There were 265 respondents (88.3%) to the questionnaire with males accounting for 58.9% (n=156). In general students showed satisfaction with quality of content being taught; however there was discontent towards various academic and non- academic facilities provided to the students. Only 44.10% and 31.50% students reported provision of academic related facilities and interactive sessions as up to mark respectively; 83% students reported that undergraduate medical research was in need of improvement; 55.5% and 60.2% reported that facilities in hostel and recreational facilities needed improvement respectively; and 52.8% students stated presence of a healthy, student friendly, encouraging environment was not up to mark. Conclusion: Although course content and teaching methodologies are generally satisfactory, a healthy, student friendly, encouraging environment is yet to be created to help students foster their abilities completely. Keywords: Medical education, Social environment, Academics, Learning resources
Objective: To measure Anthropometric data (Height and Weight) of Pakistani school children (of di... more Objective: To measure Anthropometric data (Height and Weight) of Pakistani school children (of different socioeconomic and cultural background) 3-16 year, to develop growth centile charts, based on the above measurement and to document obesity and stunting in Pakistani Paediatric population, based on the above measurement. Methods: A Cross-sectional study with multistage stratified sampling was done in a Nationwide project of Higher Education Commission (HEC, Ref no: 20-441/R&D/2008) to develop growth centile charts of Pakistani paediatric population. Study was conducted from 2006-2009. Children studying in private and government schools of the four provinces of Pakistan were included. Prior to starting the study permission from the principal of the respective school and parents was taken. A total of 12837 children with normal birth weight, complete immunization, no history of chronic infection from 36- 192 months (3-16 year) were included. Heights (cms), weight (kg), for Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2), 24 hour diet recall was obtained. All socioeconomic groups were included. Food records of the children were subjected to USDA food exchange list. Results: The average height (cms) of children was 139.11±18.44, average weight (kg) was 33.21±11.25 and average BMI was 16.76±3.22 kg/m2 (range from 11.3-41.98). The 95th centile according to CDC charts for the age groups 3-16 years were calculated. A total of 664 (5.1%) children were found to be obese. In the age group 3-5 years, >5-10 year and >10-16 year; 29 (8.1%), 272 (5.1%) and 363 (5.1%) were found to be obese, respectively. CDC height and weight in the three groups of Pakistani children >3-5 year, >5-10 year, >10-16 year were at the 10-25 centile. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of stunting was l4%. Height and weight was 10-25 centile of the CDC charts. Obesity was 5%. Pakistani centile charts of healthy children from Pakistan have been made. Keywords: School children, Height and weight centile, BMI, Stunting, Obesity Pakistan (JPMA 62: 367; 2012).
TO clarify the role of medical faculty in being clinicians and researchers, not just confined to ... more TO clarify the role of medical faculty in being clinicians and researchers, not just confined to patient care
A Power Point presentation about the scope and potential of Gene Editing Technology presented to ... more A Power Point presentation about the scope and potential of Gene Editing Technology presented to RMI Faculty
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Papers by Iftikhar Qayum
imperative role in academic achievement of students. This study aims to assess students’
point of view about the quality of education and social environment of a public sector medical
college in Pakistan. Relative scarcity of data from students’ perspective merited this study.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad,
Pakistan, including 300 medical students from all five years of the MBBS course. Systematic
random sampling was used with a kth interval of 4 for each class. Self-administered
questionnaire was used and contained items related to academics, learning environment,
learning resources, teaching methodologies and student-friendly activities. The data were
analysed using SPSS-16. Results: There were 265 respondents (88.3%) to the questionnaire
with males accounting for 58.9% (n=156). In general students showed satisfaction with
quality of content being taught; however there was discontent towards various academic and
non- academic facilities provided to the students. Only 44.10% and 31.50% students reported
provision of academic related facilities and interactive sessions as up to mark respectively;
83% students reported that undergraduate medical research was in need of improvement;
55.5% and 60.2% reported that facilities in hostel and recreational facilities needed
improvement respectively; and 52.8% students stated presence of a healthy, student friendly,
encouraging environment was not up to mark. Conclusion: Although course content and
teaching methodologies are generally satisfactory, a healthy, student friendly, encouraging
environment is yet to be created to help students foster their abilities completely.
Keywords: Medical education, Social environment, Academics, Learning resources
and cultural background) 3-16 year, to develop growth centile charts, based on the above measurement
and to document obesity and stunting in Pakistani Paediatric population, based on the above measurement.
Methods: A Cross-sectional study with multistage stratified sampling was done in a Nationwide project of Higher
Education Commission (HEC, Ref no: 20-441/R&D/2008) to develop growth centile charts of Pakistani paediatric
population. Study was conducted from 2006-2009. Children studying in private and government schools of the
four provinces of Pakistan were included. Prior to starting the study permission from the principal of the
respective school and parents was taken.
A total of 12837 children with normal birth weight, complete immunization, no history of chronic infection from 36-
192 months (3-16 year) were included. Heights (cms), weight (kg), for Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2), 24 hour
diet recall was obtained. All socioeconomic groups were included. Food records of the children were subjected
to USDA food exchange list.
Results: The average height (cms) of children was 139.11±18.44, average weight (kg) was 33.21±11.25 and
average BMI was 16.76±3.22 kg/m2 (range from 11.3-41.98).
The 95th centile according to CDC charts for the age groups 3-16 years were calculated. A total of 664 (5.1%)
children were found to be obese. In the age group 3-5 years, >5-10 year and >10-16 year; 29 (8.1%), 272 (5.1%)
and 363 (5.1%) were found to be obese, respectively.
CDC height and weight in the three groups of Pakistani children >3-5 year, >5-10 year, >10-16 year were at the
10-25 centile.
Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of stunting was l4%. Height and weight was 10-25 centile of the CDC
charts. Obesity was 5%. Pakistani centile charts of healthy children from Pakistan have been made.
Keywords: School children, Height and weight centile, BMI, Stunting, Obesity Pakistan (JPMA 62: 367; 2012).
imperative role in academic achievement of students. This study aims to assess students’
point of view about the quality of education and social environment of a public sector medical
college in Pakistan. Relative scarcity of data from students’ perspective merited this study.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad,
Pakistan, including 300 medical students from all five years of the MBBS course. Systematic
random sampling was used with a kth interval of 4 for each class. Self-administered
questionnaire was used and contained items related to academics, learning environment,
learning resources, teaching methodologies and student-friendly activities. The data were
analysed using SPSS-16. Results: There were 265 respondents (88.3%) to the questionnaire
with males accounting for 58.9% (n=156). In general students showed satisfaction with
quality of content being taught; however there was discontent towards various academic and
non- academic facilities provided to the students. Only 44.10% and 31.50% students reported
provision of academic related facilities and interactive sessions as up to mark respectively;
83% students reported that undergraduate medical research was in need of improvement;
55.5% and 60.2% reported that facilities in hostel and recreational facilities needed
improvement respectively; and 52.8% students stated presence of a healthy, student friendly,
encouraging environment was not up to mark. Conclusion: Although course content and
teaching methodologies are generally satisfactory, a healthy, student friendly, encouraging
environment is yet to be created to help students foster their abilities completely.
Keywords: Medical education, Social environment, Academics, Learning resources
and cultural background) 3-16 year, to develop growth centile charts, based on the above measurement
and to document obesity and stunting in Pakistani Paediatric population, based on the above measurement.
Methods: A Cross-sectional study with multistage stratified sampling was done in a Nationwide project of Higher
Education Commission (HEC, Ref no: 20-441/R&D/2008) to develop growth centile charts of Pakistani paediatric
population. Study was conducted from 2006-2009. Children studying in private and government schools of the
four provinces of Pakistan were included. Prior to starting the study permission from the principal of the
respective school and parents was taken.
A total of 12837 children with normal birth weight, complete immunization, no history of chronic infection from 36-
192 months (3-16 year) were included. Heights (cms), weight (kg), for Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2), 24 hour
diet recall was obtained. All socioeconomic groups were included. Food records of the children were subjected
to USDA food exchange list.
Results: The average height (cms) of children was 139.11±18.44, average weight (kg) was 33.21±11.25 and
average BMI was 16.76±3.22 kg/m2 (range from 11.3-41.98).
The 95th centile according to CDC charts for the age groups 3-16 years were calculated. A total of 664 (5.1%)
children were found to be obese. In the age group 3-5 years, >5-10 year and >10-16 year; 29 (8.1%), 272 (5.1%)
and 363 (5.1%) were found to be obese, respectively.
CDC height and weight in the three groups of Pakistani children >3-5 year, >5-10 year, >10-16 year were at the
10-25 centile.
Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of stunting was l4%. Height and weight was 10-25 centile of the CDC
charts. Obesity was 5%. Pakistani centile charts of healthy children from Pakistan have been made.
Keywords: School children, Height and weight centile, BMI, Stunting, Obesity Pakistan (JPMA 62: 367; 2012).