Memoria 44-45 Zamfir Dejeu 120-208 PDF

ZAMFIR DEJEU
*
, ROMNIA
Cuvinte cheie: dans ritual, dans ceremonial, ritm, melodie, ipuritur
Dansurile tradiionale din Oa i Maramure
Rezumat
n Maramure i Oa avem urmtoarele dansuri active: Roata femeilor
- nsoit de cntec vocal n Maramure; n Oa mai nou - Roata fetelor;
Fecioresc, Btrnescu sau Brbtescu n Maramure; Roata feciorilor i
Dan n Oa (de perechi), nvrtit btut n Maramure. n Maramureul
Istoric se mai joac: Alunelul din Maramure, Ardeleanca, Rchieaua,
(Roata stelelor), Oendocul, Bihoreanca, Ca la Ptrova, Baraboiul, Srba
comun, Botoanca din Bucovina, Hora mare dreapt, Hora n dou pri,
Jurelul (Ciureala). n dansul Jurelul fiecare biat nvrte fata odat, dup
care aceasta alearg la biatul de vis-a-vis, la mijloc se ntlnete cu cealalt
fat cu care se poate roti sau nu, ajuns la biat se nvrtete n sens invers,
apoi revine la partener. Melodia corespunde cu cea de la nvrtita btut.
Dansuri rituale, ceremoniale: Roata femeilor nunt, botez (Maramure),
Roata feciorilor (Miresete, Hora miresii prin cas), Jocul ginii, Jocul
colacilor, Brbtescul - la patul grului sau la nunt; Capra, Ursul de
Anul Nou, cu mti.
Dup o analiz structural a acestor dansuri mai ales din punct de vedere
ritmic i cinetic, putem afirma c ntre ele sunt mai multe deosebiri dect
asemnri. n primul rnd n Maramure repertoriul este mai bogat i mai
variat, pe cnd n Oa el este mai srac i mai limitat. Practic, dansurile
care se aseamn ntre ele sunt Roata feciorilor din Oa, concordant cu
melodia i Brbtescul din Maramure, neconcordant cu melodia dar,
ambele avnd comenzi pentru schimbarea motivelor coregrafice sub form
de uierturi n ritm sincopat. Aceste dansuri fac parte din categoria
dansurilor cu desfurare pe vertical. Precizm ns c elementele
coregrafice ale dansului Roata feciorilor din Oa se gsesc i n dansul de
perechi numit Dan i unde mai nou perechile se nvrt n ritm sincopat
- forma dohmiac (eventual divizat), pe cnd Brbtescul din Maramure
nu are aceast form de cuplu. inuta dansatorilor este de talie - brbatul
i de umeri - femeia. Pe de alt parte am putea evidenia o asemnare n
ceea ce privete stilul de execuie a strigturilor, respectiv a puriturilor n
Oa.
memoria ethnologica nr. 44 - 45 * iulie - decembrie 2012 ( An XII )
120
*
Institutul Arhiva de Folclor a Academiei Romne, Cluj, Romnia
Key words: ceremony dances, ritual dances, rhythm, melody
Traditional Dances from Oas and Maramures Counties
Summary
I have chosen this subject as, most of the times, the two traditional areas,
(historical) Maramure and Oa, are taken one for the other. This may happen
since some of the dances in the two areas come from the same type of dance
- dances with a vertical movement, or, since some of them have the same
rhythm - a rag time kind of rhythm. Thus, in Maramure and Oa there are
the following active dances: The Women's round dance, which is
accompanied by a vocal song in Maramure. In Oa, there is also a Girls'
round dance, recently. The Old Men's dance, or the Men's dance in
Maramure. In Oa, there is a Youth round dance, and the Pair Dance. In
Maramure they also have a Step Pair Dance. Notes - in the historical
Maramure, they also dance: Alunelul (The Fillbert's dance), Ardeleanca
(The Transylvanian dance), Rchieaua (The Willow's dance, or the Stars'
dance), Oendocul, Bihoreanca (As in Bihor county), Ca la Ptrova (As in
Petrova), Baraboiul, Srba comun (The common Serbian), Botoanca din
Bucovina (As in Bukovina), Jurelul. In the Jurelul dance, each boy spins the
girl once, after which the girl runs to the boy in the row across the path
between the rows. In the middle girls meet and might spin in two's, and when
they get to the boys, they spin in the reversed direction; then, they come back
to the initial partner. The song is the same with the Step pair dance. Other
dances: Ardelenescu cu ponturi (A Step Transylvanian dance), Btuta or
Cluerul (Step or Rider's dance), Coasa (The Mower), Ciobnaul (The
Shepherd), Roata (The spin), Trleescul, Raa (The Duck), Pdureul (The
Woodlander) - all men's dances. These dances are brought in villages across
Maramure after 1950.Ritual, ceremonial dances: The women's round
dance (at weddings and christenings in Maramure). The Young Men's round
dance, which is danced at weddings, Miresete (For the bride), Hora miresii
prin cas (The Bride's round dance in the house), Jocul ginii (The dance of
the hen), Jocul colacilor (The dance of bread), Brbtescul (The men's round
dance), which is danced when they throw the wheat seeds in the ground, or
at weddings; Capra (The Goat), Ursul (The bear), danced with masks on New
Year's Eve. After a structural analysis of the above-mentioned dances,
especially from the point of view of their rhythm and kinetics, we may state
that there are more differences than resemblances between the two
categories. Firstly, in Maramure, the repertoire is richer, and more varied,
while in Oa it is poorer and more limited. Practically, the dances which are
similar are the Youth's round dance in Oa, which resembles with the Men's
round dance in Maramure, the melody is different, but, both display a rag
time rhythm, accompanied with fizzy sounds made by the dancers, which
indicate the changes in choreographic elements of the dance.
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