Papers by Philip-kpae, F. O. PhD
With recent improvements, emergence and service dependency of smart communication devices, there ... more With recent improvements, emergence and service dependency of smart communication devices, there has been increasing demand for better quality of service (QoS) provisioning and experience (QoE) implementation at low operational cost. Wireless networks experience some uncertainties which results from the unpredictable nature of wireless signals, interferences and signal propagation, leading to overall degradation of the entire system. The results lead to packet loss, fading, delays, reduced throughput and low latency. This paper is aimed at using PID Control Techniques to track network uncertainties in a TCPbased network and at the same time cancels it to enhance the overall system performances. System performance measurement and analysis of the TCPbased network was performed with a link capacity of 3750, 4200 and 4500 packet/seconds respectively in three scenarios. The results showed that the PID control technique recorded a sensitivity value of 0.0329dB, 0.0345dB and 0.0821dB. (all are less than 1dB), this means that it achieved good sensitivity level to network disturbance for faster disturbance rejection capability and reduced sensitivity. The results also shows improved delay reduction, reduced throughput, low latency, packet loss and mitigate fading issues. The PID control technique was recommended for wireless network improvement to attain enhanced performance, stability and good QoS.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Application , 2022
This research is aimed at modeling the transportation of diesel fuel spill in Niger Delta soil. W... more This research is aimed at modeling the transportation of diesel fuel spill in Niger Delta soil. Water-oil fluid interaction in soil possess problems which includes: contamination of groundwater, destruction of plants and animals, acute and chronic infection of humans living in the contaminated zones, destruction of aquatic lives and ecosystem; and extinction of plants and animals. The method used in generating the experimental design was response surface method, which uses two (2) independent variables-contaminant volume and rainfall intensity; and a constant variable known as soil depth.. XLSAT software was used to develop the models for leached and retained total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) following release on ground surface. The contaminant volume, rainfall intensity and soil depth used are 50ml, 225ml, 400ml ;5mm/hr, 7.5mm/hr, 10mm/hr and constant depth of 1000mm respectively. The soil was artificially contaminated with different contaminant volumes of 50ml, 225ml and 400ml of diesel. The results showed variations in the transportation of diesel with the independent and constant variables. The models were used to fit the transportation of diesel in silty clay soil after accidental release with correlation coefficient of 0.9407 and 0.9501 for the leached and the retained respectively. Khana Local government in alliance with national oil spill detection regulation agency (NOSDRA) should implement the developed diesel transportation concentration model as it will help to fulfill the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 standards.
International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering , 2016
Road congestion, parking difficulty, and collision is very prominent in advanced and developing c... more Road congestion, parking difficulty, and collision is very prominent in advanced and developing countries. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), with wireless technique has solution to these problems through the application of vehicular technology. The wireless deployment, safety and non-safety applications in vehicular communications can be achieved with proper implementation of network metrics. It is very clear and of no doubt that more research in wireless applications for vehicular networks is on the increase due its application in this modern era. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) has paved way for these applications in informatics, parking/congestion control, and safety application via the knowledge of the ITS. In this paper, we have made investigations on some performance metrics that have impact in the analysis of vehicular communications. We will use these metrics in our future work, to analysis the performance of vehicle networks with other rate algorithms using OMNET++ as implemented here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Application , 2022
This research is aimed at modeling the retention of diesel spill in Niger Delta soil. The objecti... more This research is aimed at modeling the retention of diesel spill in Niger Delta soil. The objectives are to monitor the retention of diesel at given soil depths, different contaminant volumes and rainfall intensities; and develop a model that will describe the retention of diesel in the unsaturated soil zone at different spill scenarios. Retained diesel spills in soil causes problems which include: contamination of soils, bioaccumulation of hydrocarbon in humans resulting in carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, destruction and the extinction of plants and animals. The method used in generating the experimental design was response surface method, which uses two (2) independent variables-contaminant volume and rainfall intensity; and a constant variable known as soil depth. XLSAT software was used to develop the models for leached and retained total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) following release on ground surface. The soil was artificially contaminated with different contaminant volumes of 50ml, 225ml and 400ml of diesel. Varying rainfall intensities of 5mm/hr, 7.5mm/hr and 10mm/hr were simulated on the soil depth of 1000m. Results showed variations in the retention of diesel with the independent and constant variables. The results further showed that the TPH ranged from 633.91m1 to 1.58E+05m1 with the lowest washout concentration of 1.52E+05m1 obtained when contaminant concentration was 50m1 at rainfall intensity of 10mm/hr; and highest washout concentration of 2672.89m1 obtained when contaminant volume was 400m1 at rainfall intensity of 7.5mm/hr. The model was used to fit the retention of diesel in silty clay soil after accidental release with correlation coefficient of 0.9501. The Ministry of Environment in alliance with the Niger Delta Development Commission (NOSDRA) and other sister agencies should adopt the developed model in diesel oil spill reclamation in Niger Delta soil.
Insecurity is a major concern in homes and human inhabited facilities today. The need to fortify ... more Insecurity is a major concern in homes and human inhabited facilities today. The need to fortify this facility and homes is key to solve the insecurity issues. This work is aimed at designing and implementing a home security system that utilizes a TF-Luna Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor incorporated with an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. The main objective of this system is to enhance perimeter security and intrusion detection in various applications such as home security, industrial facilities, and critical infrastructure protection. The Integrated TF-Luna LiDAR sensor is known for two essential indices such as precision and reliability and the microcontroller unit creates a non-contact detection and ranging mechanism capable of accurately measuring object invasion distances. The Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller platform processes the collected LiDAR sensed data in real time and uses advanced algorithms for target detection, tracking, and anomaly identification. The system's key components include an intuitive user interface for control and monitoring, alarm generation, and data logging. The system provides real-time alerts and notifications to security personnel and home users through various communication channels. After been tested, evaluated and validated, it demonstrates its ability to detect and respond to intrusions accurately, even in adverse environmental conditions. The integration of a TF-Luna LiDAR sensor with a microcontroller offers a cost-effective and versatile solution for improving security and surveillance performance. This project showcases a promising approach to enhancing security systems by incorporating LiDAR technology, providing a foundation for further research and deployment in real-world security applications and ecosystem.
Road congestion, parking difficulty, and collision is very prominent in advanced and developing c... more Road congestion, parking difficulty, and collision is very prominent in advanced and developing countries. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), with wireless technique has solution to these problems through the application of vehicular technology. The wireless deployment, safety and non-safety applications in vehicular communications can be achieved with proper implementation of network metrics. It is very clear and of no doubt that more research in wireless applications for vehicular networks is on the increase due its application in this modern era. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) has paved way for these applications in informatics, parking/congestion control, and safety application via the knowledge of the ITS. In this paper, we have made investigations on some performance metrics that have impact in the analysis of vehicular communications. We will use these metrics in our future work, to analysis the performance of vehicle networks with other rate algorithms using OMNET++ as implemented here.
Online examination can be referred to as a means of taking examinations in a digital form, either... more Online examination can be referred to as a means of taking examinations in a digital form, either through a secured or an unsecured network. In this paper we propose an online examination system capable of returning answer corrections as feedbacks to its end users/ candidates. The proposed system is to allow students take examinations from home at their own comforts and time, but must be during the institution's end or mid semester examination period. The proposed system is to allow the creation of course, which comes with the creation of examinations and its components, and does not allow the retaking of examination after the semester's examination season. The proposed system is designed to work with " time countdown " during the examination and return the students marks and corrections of wrongly answered questions upon the completion of the examination. The time countdown auto-starts and auto-disables the take examination page when the examination duration elapses.
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016
Low power Instrumentation Amplifier (INA) is designed to produce different amplifier gain by vary... more Low power Instrumentation Amplifier (INA) is designed to produce different amplifier gain by varying a circuit element known as the gain resistor (R g ). It is driven by low power input signals at its first stage and then the second stage amplifies the difference between the output of the first stage. Multism software is used in the design of the INA, where the common mode voltage (V cm ) at the input stage is compared to the output of the INA. The simulation done in this work shows that the INA output is actually amplified. MATLAB software is used to generate data used for the analysis and plotting appropriate graphs. The graph of the Gain Resistor (R g .) vs Output Voltage (V o ) shows that a decrease in R g courses an increase in V o and vise visa. Thus, as Rg is decreased the INA gain is increased. Increase in the INA gain makes V o to increase and CMRR decreases and INA gain increases accordingly. It is concluded that the INA provides different Amplifier Gain unlike the differe...
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 2017
The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a practical application of both amplitud... more The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a practical application of both amplitude and phase modulation scheme and has taking its place in Multiplexing Techniques where a number of independent message signal are at the same time transmitted over a single channel. OFDM is beneficial in transmission with high data rate and better performance. High data rates are achieved by the use of multiple carriers and performance improvement. This paper is based on the QPSK and QAM of Different Modulation order. The performance Evaluation is done using the Bit Error Rate (BER) Against the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) parameters which shows a low BER to High SNR. At the end of the work, it was found out that the QPSK has more better performance in OFDM system than the QAM. QPSK has lower BER than the QAM in AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channel. The performance of QPSK in OFDM is better than the QAM in the OFDM system. The simulation was done using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: Orthogonal...
International Journal of Computing and Digital Systemss, 2018
The introduction of 5G wireless mobile networks opens enormous economic prospects for Nigeria's c... more The introduction of 5G wireless mobile networks opens enormous economic prospects for Nigeria's core industries. This research intends to illustrate the potential advantages of 5G in a variety of industries, including telecommunications, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and education. The study's target population consists of 94 full-time employees of telecommunications companies operating in Nigeria's South-South region. However, the accessible population consists of 385 sample components drawn from 94 MTN, Globacom, Airtel, and 9Mobile locations, based on information given by the Human Resources (HR) Departments of these telecommunications companies. MTN received 118, Globacom received 96, Airtel received 92, and 9Mobile received 79. Data was examined for descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). It was discovered that 5G may promote the creation of new apps and services that can boost efficiency, productivity, and innovation in several areas due to faster speeds, reduced latency, and larger capacity.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks have problems with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) low spe... more Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks have problems with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) low speed implementation. There is a need for adequate compensation in the data transfer function to achieve improved performance. In the work, Mixed Sensitivity control and PID Control techniques were adopted and compared to evaluate network performance on weighted parameters. It was observed that by using three adjustable weighting functions , to develop a compensator by using mixsyn command, a robust compensator was developed, the damping time measures 0.000407s, and 0.000425s for first and second experiment. The LTE network improvement was also carried out using PID control technique with three control functions , , this measures a damping time of 550s and 520s. from the result of the damping time, the Mixsyn recorded a lower time while the PID recorded a much higher time. The work recommends that: TCP based LTE network performance improvement using mixed sensitivity synthesis should be applied in the current LTE networks in order to achieve faster data packet transfer. This work also achieved the application of an adequate compensator that improved the performance and stability characteristics of the LTE Network system functionalities.
There has been increasing demand for faster and more reliable network in recent times. More deman... more There has been increasing demand for faster and more reliable network in recent times. More demanding is a robust system that can adequately maintain good performance with 0% overshoot and ability to withstand disturbances due to traffic congestion and system uncertainties. The problems with LTE networks are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) low speed implementation, which does not support the requirements of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. This work aims at reducing Settling-Time in TCP Expedited LTE wireless Network using Mixed Sensitivity control and PID Control Technique. In addition, to compare the two techniques with the aim of ascertaining the best technique to adopt in the TCP implemented LTE network. LTE network model performance-improvement was carried out using robust control technique like mixed sensitivity synthesis. The desired system response is converted into three adjustable weighting functions to develop a compensation function by mixsyn command. The LTE network improvement was also carried out using PID control technique with three control functions. It was observed that the mixed sensitivity synthesis achieved better performance characteristics with high network average speed of 0.00043 seconds of 0.1 seconds base value, which is 99.57% out of 0.1 seconds for a good system. This result indicates that the mixed sensitivity synthesis will address traffic congestion issue better than the PID control technique.
There is a growing and proposed increase in spending on education, which tends to encourage inqui... more There is a growing and proposed increase in spending on education, which tends to encourage inquiry into what the impact of such investment will be in light of students with regards to the problem of learning poverty. This study revealed that acquiring highly standardized education has the potential to produce significant learning gains at larger scales. Social learning theory was adopted to serve as an undergirded theory in this study. Thus, finding suggests that policymakers may wish to investigate the possibility of incorporating standardization into the educational systems in Nigeria, including standardized lesson plans as well as teacher feedback, monitoring, and coaching. The findings indicates favorable benefits on reading abilities including sound functional memory and self-reliance, as well as the participation of both teachers and parents in their students' educational experiences.
Wireless networks experience some uncertainties which results from an unpredictable nature of wir... more Wireless networks experience some uncertainties which results from an unpredictable nature of wireless signals, interferences and signal propagation, leading to overall degradation of the entire system. The results lead to packet loss, fading, delays, reduced throughput and low latency. This paper is aimed at using PID Control Techniques to track network uncertainties in a TCP-based network and at the same time cancels it to enhanced the overall system performances. System performance measurement and analysis of the TCP-based network was performed with a link capacity of 3750, 4200 and 4500 packet/seconds respectively in three scenarios. The results showed that the PID control technique recorded sensitivity value of 0.0329dB, 0.0345dB and 0.0821dB. (all are less than 1dB), this means that it achieved good sensitivity levelto network disturbance for faster disturbance rejection capability and reduced sensitivity. I however recommend the PID control technique for wireless network improvement to attain enhanced performance, stability and good QoS.
In LTE networks, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance degrades when number of connecti... more In LTE networks, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance degrades when number of connections increases. To ameliorate this situation, there is need to improve on the performance criteria: specifically, the settling time (transfer time). This work proposes reduction in the settling time of the system network by applying a mixed sensitivity technique. Mixed Sensitivity Optimization Synthesis (Mixsyn) technique is a robust approach that involves the development of a robust compensator and the application of weighting functions to boost the performance of LTE wireless broadband. The enhanced TCP performance of the system was achieved by reducing the settling time (transfer time) to 0.00043seconds and 0.000425 seconds, which is 99.57% and 99.575% of the time base value of 0.1 seconds of the system. With this result, the Mixsyn technique was used to improve the TCP based LTE network. The results show an improved implementation and steadiness of the system. In conclusion, the Mixsyn technique achieved an improved performance and steadiness of the system even in times of skepticism.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) degrades the performance of LTE wireless networks when overwh... more Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) degrades the performance of LTE wireless networks when overwhelmed by an increase in the number of connections in the network. There is a need to develop a robust compensator that will improve the overall performance of TCP based 4G-LTE wireless network. Mixed Sensitivity Optimization Synthesis (Mixsyn) is a weighting function dependent controller with a robust compensator that can be used to improve a TCP base LTE network. The TCP performance indicator that are looked at include reduction in tracking error and overall stability of the system. The system with the Mixsyn achieved a better tracking error of 1.14dB and 1.07dB and high sensitivity to disturbance of 0.0059dB and 0.0116dB. With this result, the Mixsyn technique was used to improve the TCP based LTE network as can be seen in the analysis from the result to improve the performance and stability of the system sensitivity to disturbance and system output error. The Mixsyn achieved a 99.57% and 99.575% of 0.1 seconds time base value of the system. It was concluded, that the Mixsyn TCP network achieved an improved performance and robust stability of the system even in the presence of high disturbances.
2019 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XV SIPDA)
To ensure safety against lightning of wind turbines, high-voltage strike attachment tests specifi... more To ensure safety against lightning of wind turbines, high-voltage strike attachment tests specified in IEC 61400-24 are adopted to determine points of lightning attachments. These tests are usually conducted with a small blade sample as a representative of the full-scale blade length. However, incidents of lightning damage to wind turbines are still high, which indicates that small blade samples may not be an adequate representation of full-scale blade. In this paper, the extended vertical tri-pole cloud charge distribution model is used to compare the maximum electric field strength around a full-scale blade and that of a small blade section to show how they affect the maximum electric field strength required for the initiation of upward leaders from wind turbines. The results show an average difference of 15.16% between the maximum electric field relevant to the full-scale blade and that of the blade segment. Thus, a tolerance of 16.95 kV/m is recommended in using the blade segment in the laboratory testing. The results of the point of initiation of upward leader coincides with experimental data from lightning discharge attachments.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research
The study investigated corrosion probability level assessments of three different resins extracts... more The study investigated corrosion probability level assessments of three different resins extracts of trees from dacryodes edulis, mangifera indica and moringa oleifera lam using half cell potential corrosion measurement, concrete resistivity measurement and tensile strength test to ascertain the surface condition of the mechanical properties of non-corroded, corroded and inhibited reinforcement coated thicknesses of 150µm, 250µm and 350µm specimens embedded in concrete, exposed to severe and corrosive environment medium for 119 days after 28 days initial cured, with required constant current for polarization potential test of-200 mV through 1200mV, with a scan rate of 1mV/s. Results recorded of potential E corr,mV , concrete resistivity and tensile strength of moringa oleifera lam inhibited specimen indicated a 10% or uncertain probability of corrosion which indicates no corrosion presence or likelihood and concrete resistivity indicated a low probability of corrosion or no corrosion indication. When compared to corroded samples, corroded has 70.1% increased values potential E corr , mV and 35.5% decreased values of concrete resistivity. Average percentile results of potential E corr , mV , and concrete resistivity are dacryodes edulis 29.9% and 63.6% , mangifera indica 26.57% and 61.25% and moringa oeifera lam 29.9% and 68.74% respectively. Arbitrarily and computed percentile average values of yield stress against ultimate strength, when compared to corrode as 100% nominal yield stress decreased from100.95% to 96.12% dacryodes edulis inhibited, 105.36% to 96.12% mangifera indica inhibited, and 105.75 % to 96.12% moringa oleifera lam inhibited and weight loss of IJSER
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Papers by Philip-kpae, F. O. PhD