Here we report on a new fossil locality, Şerefköy-2, from the Yatağan Basin of southwestern Turke... more Here we report on a new fossil locality, Şerefköy-2, from the Yatağan Basin of southwestern Turkey that preserves a well-sampled, abundant, and diverse mammal fauna. Indeed, after three field seasons, more than 1200 catalogued specimens representing 26 mammal species belonging to 14 genera make the Şerefköy-2 mammalian assemblage one of the richest Late Miocene fauna from Anatolia.
Materials and Methods Fossils collected by the Sinap project were identified by project members u... more Materials and Methods Fossils collected by the Sinap project were identified by project members under the supervision of the principal investigators and cataloged using a laptop computer and a relational database (Johnson et al. 1996). This relational database was queried both during and at the end of the summer 1995 field season for all specimens identified as being either artiodactyls or perissodactyls from seven fossil collecting localities in the Sinap Formation.
ABSTRACT—Analysis of third maapodiah of greater Pannonian Basin hipparions spanning MN 9 lo MN 13... more ABSTRACT—Analysis of third maapodiah of greater Pannonian Basin hipparions spanning MN 9 lo MN 13 suggests that hipparion diversity in the Pannonian Basin was low compared Co southeast Europe and southwest Asia. A small variant of Hippotherium primigenium appears to have dominated early MN 9, and is well-sampled at Inzersdorf (Austria).
ABSTRACT Akkașdagı is an abundant and diverse Turolian mammalian locality from Central Anatolia. ... more ABSTRACT Akkașdagı is an abundant and diverse Turolian mammalian locality from Central Anatolia. Our paper reports the findings of our investigation of the paleoenvironment using an ecomorphological approach on the metapodials of hipparionine horses from Akkașdagı. First, a detailed description of the underlying theoretical model is given, and a habitat score is described.
ABSTRACT Sahabi is a latest Miocene/earliest Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Libya. It includes a ... more ABSTRACT Sahabi is a latest Miocene/earliest Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Libya. It includes a mixture of Eurasian and African vertebrates, and as such is important for biogeographic reconstruction and paleoecologic comparisons. We undertake a morphometric analysis of Sahabi hipparion metacarpal 3s, metatarsal 3s and 1st phalanges 3 in order to reevaluate and revise this assemblages' systematics, biogeographic relationships and paleoecologic setting.
ABSTRACT–Rudabánya is a rich late Miocene fossil locality first exploited for its vertebrate rema... more ABSTRACT–Rudabánya is a rich late Miocene fossil locality first exploited for its vertebrate remains by Pethö in 1902. The first fossil primate was discovered by the local Chief Mining Geologist, Gabor Hernyák. Professor Miklos Kretzoi made Rudabánya famous in 1969 by publishing a manuscript on the new hominoid primate, Rudapithecus hungaricus, recognized herein as Dryopithecus brancoi. In 1991 L.
Abstract Many researchers have suggested that Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afa... more Abstract Many researchers have suggested that Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis were among the earliest hominins to have diets that included hard, brittle items. Here we examine dental microwear textures of these hominins for evidence of this. The molars of three Au. anamensis and 19 Au. afarensis specimens examined preserve unobscured antemortem microwear.
Abstract: Remains of late Miocene hominoids increasingly indicate both taxonomic and adaptive div... more Abstract: Remains of late Miocene hominoids increasingly indicate both taxonomic and adaptive diversity. Understanding hominoid paleoenvironments may illuminate the selection pressures relevant to this diversity. Previous analyses of bovid ecomorphology have been applied to understanding hominoid environments. In this study, a new analysis of distal and complete bovid metapodials assigned to five habitats was conducted and applied to several fossil sites including Can Llobateres and Y0311 in the Siwaliks.
ABSTRACT A morphometric analysis of third metapodials and first phalanges of Middle Awash and Had... more ABSTRACT A morphometric analysis of third metapodials and first phalanges of Middle Awash and Hadar hipparions dating from the 6.0-3.0 Ma interval was conducted using two methods. Morphological comparisons using standard metrics were made using: 1) log10 ratio diagrams; 2) size independent variables developed with reference to scaling trends for hipparions in general. Results of these analyses suggest that hipparion diversity during this temporal interval was relatively low.
The evolution of diet in the earliest members of our genus, Homo rudolfensis, H. habilis and H. e... more The evolution of diet in the earliest members of our genus, Homo rudolfensis, H. habilis and H. erectus has received increased attention over the past few years (see Ungar et al., 2006a for review). Many models have been constructed, based largely on nutritional studies combined with direct analogy (with living peoples or non-human primates) or on contextual evidence, such as archeological and paleoenvi-ronmental indicators.
Resumen KRETZOI 1983 reconoció una nueva especie de hipparion de Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. E... more Resumen KRETZOI 1983 reconoció una nueva especie de hipparion de Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. El estudio de la asociación completa de Rudabánya II confirma que la especie de hipparion predominante en esta localidad es realmente el taxon válido Hippotherium intrans. Una segunda especie de hipparion menor y más rara aún sin nombre se reconoce por sólo sus dientes yugales procedentes de los niveles de lignito superiores.
Resumen: KRETZOI 1983 recognized a new species of hipparion from Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. S... more Resumen: KRETZOI 1983 recognized a new species of hipparion from Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. Study of the entire Rudabánya II assemblage confirms that the predominante hipparion species at this locality is indeed the valid taxon Hippotherium intrans. A second, smaller and rarer species of hipparion, hitherto unnamed, is recognized only by cheek teeth originating from the overlying upper lignite levels.
Here we compare dental microwear textures from specimens of the fossil genus Mesopithecus (Cercop... more Here we compare dental microwear textures from specimens of the fossil genus Mesopithecus (Cercopithecidae, Colobinae) from the late Miocene of Eastern Europe with dental microwear textures from four extant primate species with known dietary differences.
Abstract Sümeg is a late Vallesian (MN10) karst-fissure locality situated about 60 kilometers nor... more Abstract Sümeg is a late Vallesian (MN10) karst-fissure locality situated about 60 kilometers north of the western end of Lake Balaton. We update the biochronologic ranking of critical late Miocene (MN9-MN12) Hungarian localities below based on the stage-of-evolution of murid, cricerid and anomalomyid lineages in order to securely place Sumeg's chronologic position. This diverse vertebrate fauna includes two species of hipparionine horses that we refer here to Hippotherium sumegense and" Hipparion" sp. small.
Here we report on a new fossil locality, Şerefköy-2, from the Yatağan Basin of southwestern Turke... more Here we report on a new fossil locality, Şerefköy-2, from the Yatağan Basin of southwestern Turkey that preserves a well-sampled, abundant, and diverse mammal fauna. Indeed, after three field seasons, more than 1200 catalogued specimens representing 26 mammal species belonging to 14 genera make the Şerefköy-2 mammalian assemblage one of the richest Late Miocene fauna from Anatolia.
Materials and Methods Fossils collected by the Sinap project were identified by project members u... more Materials and Methods Fossils collected by the Sinap project were identified by project members under the supervision of the principal investigators and cataloged using a laptop computer and a relational database (Johnson et al. 1996). This relational database was queried both during and at the end of the summer 1995 field season for all specimens identified as being either artiodactyls or perissodactyls from seven fossil collecting localities in the Sinap Formation.
ABSTRACT—Analysis of third maapodiah of greater Pannonian Basin hipparions spanning MN 9 lo MN 13... more ABSTRACT—Analysis of third maapodiah of greater Pannonian Basin hipparions spanning MN 9 lo MN 13 suggests that hipparion diversity in the Pannonian Basin was low compared Co southeast Europe and southwest Asia. A small variant of Hippotherium primigenium appears to have dominated early MN 9, and is well-sampled at Inzersdorf (Austria).
ABSTRACT Akkașdagı is an abundant and diverse Turolian mammalian locality from Central Anatolia. ... more ABSTRACT Akkașdagı is an abundant and diverse Turolian mammalian locality from Central Anatolia. Our paper reports the findings of our investigation of the paleoenvironment using an ecomorphological approach on the metapodials of hipparionine horses from Akkașdagı. First, a detailed description of the underlying theoretical model is given, and a habitat score is described.
ABSTRACT Sahabi is a latest Miocene/earliest Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Libya. It includes a ... more ABSTRACT Sahabi is a latest Miocene/earliest Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Libya. It includes a mixture of Eurasian and African vertebrates, and as such is important for biogeographic reconstruction and paleoecologic comparisons. We undertake a morphometric analysis of Sahabi hipparion metacarpal 3s, metatarsal 3s and 1st phalanges 3 in order to reevaluate and revise this assemblages' systematics, biogeographic relationships and paleoecologic setting.
ABSTRACT–Rudabánya is a rich late Miocene fossil locality first exploited for its vertebrate rema... more ABSTRACT–Rudabánya is a rich late Miocene fossil locality first exploited for its vertebrate remains by Pethö in 1902. The first fossil primate was discovered by the local Chief Mining Geologist, Gabor Hernyák. Professor Miklos Kretzoi made Rudabánya famous in 1969 by publishing a manuscript on the new hominoid primate, Rudapithecus hungaricus, recognized herein as Dryopithecus brancoi. In 1991 L.
Abstract Many researchers have suggested that Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afa... more Abstract Many researchers have suggested that Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis were among the earliest hominins to have diets that included hard, brittle items. Here we examine dental microwear textures of these hominins for evidence of this. The molars of three Au. anamensis and 19 Au. afarensis specimens examined preserve unobscured antemortem microwear.
Abstract: Remains of late Miocene hominoids increasingly indicate both taxonomic and adaptive div... more Abstract: Remains of late Miocene hominoids increasingly indicate both taxonomic and adaptive diversity. Understanding hominoid paleoenvironments may illuminate the selection pressures relevant to this diversity. Previous analyses of bovid ecomorphology have been applied to understanding hominoid environments. In this study, a new analysis of distal and complete bovid metapodials assigned to five habitats was conducted and applied to several fossil sites including Can Llobateres and Y0311 in the Siwaliks.
ABSTRACT A morphometric analysis of third metapodials and first phalanges of Middle Awash and Had... more ABSTRACT A morphometric analysis of third metapodials and first phalanges of Middle Awash and Hadar hipparions dating from the 6.0-3.0 Ma interval was conducted using two methods. Morphological comparisons using standard metrics were made using: 1) log10 ratio diagrams; 2) size independent variables developed with reference to scaling trends for hipparions in general. Results of these analyses suggest that hipparion diversity during this temporal interval was relatively low.
The evolution of diet in the earliest members of our genus, Homo rudolfensis, H. habilis and H. e... more The evolution of diet in the earliest members of our genus, Homo rudolfensis, H. habilis and H. erectus has received increased attention over the past few years (see Ungar et al., 2006a for review). Many models have been constructed, based largely on nutritional studies combined with direct analogy (with living peoples or non-human primates) or on contextual evidence, such as archeological and paleoenvi-ronmental indicators.
Resumen KRETZOI 1983 reconoció una nueva especie de hipparion de Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. E... more Resumen KRETZOI 1983 reconoció una nueva especie de hipparion de Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. El estudio de la asociación completa de Rudabánya II confirma que la especie de hipparion predominante en esta localidad es realmente el taxon válido Hippotherium intrans. Una segunda especie de hipparion menor y más rara aún sin nombre se reconoce por sólo sus dientes yugales procedentes de los niveles de lignito superiores.
Resumen: KRETZOI 1983 recognized a new species of hipparion from Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. S... more Resumen: KRETZOI 1983 recognized a new species of hipparion from Rudabánya,«Hipparion» intrans. Study of the entire Rudabánya II assemblage confirms that the predominante hipparion species at this locality is indeed the valid taxon Hippotherium intrans. A second, smaller and rarer species of hipparion, hitherto unnamed, is recognized only by cheek teeth originating from the overlying upper lignite levels.
Here we compare dental microwear textures from specimens of the fossil genus Mesopithecus (Cercop... more Here we compare dental microwear textures from specimens of the fossil genus Mesopithecus (Cercopithecidae, Colobinae) from the late Miocene of Eastern Europe with dental microwear textures from four extant primate species with known dietary differences.
Abstract Sümeg is a late Vallesian (MN10) karst-fissure locality situated about 60 kilometers nor... more Abstract Sümeg is a late Vallesian (MN10) karst-fissure locality situated about 60 kilometers north of the western end of Lake Balaton. We update the biochronologic ranking of critical late Miocene (MN9-MN12) Hungarian localities below based on the stage-of-evolution of murid, cricerid and anomalomyid lineages in order to securely place Sumeg's chronologic position. This diverse vertebrate fauna includes two species of hipparionine horses that we refer here to Hippotherium sumegense and" Hipparion" sp. small.
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Papers by Robert Scott