X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization, 2016
Definition of Topic In this chapter, we will focus on the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) tec... more Definition of Topic In this chapter, we will focus on the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique performed on planar samples in the grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) geometry. This particular method of SAXS allows a fast, nondestructive analysis of the near-surface electron density variations on the lateral length scale ranging from several angstroms up to several hundreds of nanometers with adjustable in-depth sensitivity down to several nanometers. Special emphasis will be given to GISAXS experiments with laboratory X-ray sources as these are much more easily accessible as compared to synchrotron facilities.
Ductile or plastic mode is known from metals and shaping of single Cu crystals in this mode is st... more Ductile or plastic mode is known from metals and shaping of single Cu crystals in this mode is straightforward. This ductile mode is used nowadays also for preparation of the Ge infrared optics. Contrary to the standard stochastic technology this technique is deterministic in its nature because of ultraprecise NC axes and a single point diamond tool (SPDT) [1]. When decreasing the depth of cut or chip thickness below a critical value, material removal mechanism changes from the brittle through brittle-ductile to ductile regime even for brittle materials such as single crystal silicon and germanium. Simple and complex surfaces such as aspheres in general can be prepared with submicrometer precision in this way.
Standard technology of preparation of crystal optics (Si, Ge,...) is based on stochastic brittle ... more Standard technology of preparation of crystal optics (Si, Ge,...) is based on stochastic brittle mode of material removal. Ductile or plastic mode, now used for preparation of infrared optics, is deterministic in its nature because of ultraprecise CNC axes and single point diamond tool (SPDT). Simple and complex surfaces such as aspheres in general can be prepared with submicrometer precision. The application to crystal optics may also significantly improve surface roughness and subsurface damage (SSD) but needs some development period.
X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization, 2016
Definition of Topic In this chapter, we will focus on the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) tec... more Definition of Topic In this chapter, we will focus on the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique performed on planar samples in the grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) geometry. This particular method of SAXS allows a fast, nondestructive analysis of the near-surface electron density variations on the lateral length scale ranging from several angstroms up to several hundreds of nanometers with adjustable in-depth sensitivity down to several nanometers. Special emphasis will be given to GISAXS experiments with laboratory X-ray sources as these are much more easily accessible as compared to synchrotron facilities.
Ductile or plastic mode is known from metals and shaping of single Cu crystals in this mode is st... more Ductile or plastic mode is known from metals and shaping of single Cu crystals in this mode is straightforward. This ductile mode is used nowadays also for preparation of the Ge infrared optics. Contrary to the standard stochastic technology this technique is deterministic in its nature because of ultraprecise NC axes and a single point diamond tool (SPDT) [1]. When decreasing the depth of cut or chip thickness below a critical value, material removal mechanism changes from the brittle through brittle-ductile to ductile regime even for brittle materials such as single crystal silicon and germanium. Simple and complex surfaces such as aspheres in general can be prepared with submicrometer precision in this way.
Standard technology of preparation of crystal optics (Si, Ge,...) is based on stochastic brittle ... more Standard technology of preparation of crystal optics (Si, Ge,...) is based on stochastic brittle mode of material removal. Ductile or plastic mode, now used for preparation of infrared optics, is deterministic in its nature because of ultraprecise CNC axes and single point diamond tool (SPDT). Simple and complex surfaces such as aspheres in general can be prepared with submicrometer precision. The application to crystal optics may also significantly improve surface roughness and subsurface damage (SSD) but needs some development period.
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