For the antioxidant effect of lipoic acid, reduction to dihydrolipoic acid is considered to be im... more For the antioxidant effect of lipoic acid, reduction to dihydrolipoic acid is considered to be important. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LipHD) preferentially reduces R-lipoic acid and in a subsequent reaction, the R-dihydrolipoic acid formed may non-enzymatically reduce S-lipoic acid. Using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, the second order rate constant of the latter reaction was determined (k 2 = 15 M −1 sec −1). In vitro, it was found that S-lipoic acid is reduced by LipDH using R-lipoic acid as a catalyst. The non-enzymatic dithiol-disulfide reaction leads to synergistic reduction of the enan-tiomers which can explain the higher antioxidant activity of racemic lipoic acid found in vivo (Maitra et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221:422–429, 1996) in comparison to the enantiomers. Lipoic acid is therapeutically active in several diseases via antioxi-dant activity. These findings suggest that racemic lipoic acid can be therapeutically more active than the separate enantiomers. Chirality 9:362–366, 1997.
Purpose - The aim is to investigate what (tangible) characteristics of the environment people ass... more Purpose - The aim is to investigate what (tangible) characteristics of the environment people associate with cleanliness, to determine what aspects -apart from technical cleanliness -are involved when people perceive their (working) environment to be 'clean'. Theory - According to Berry et al. (2006), people (un)consciously filter experience clues in service environments, namely objective functional clues, and subjective mechanic (sensory) and humanic clues. Mechanic clues are important contributors to first impressions, and the value customers assign to the service organization. Values may act as subconscious clues and strongly influence people's objective rating of cleanliness. Design/methodology/approach - Two surveys were used to measure people's verbal associations with clean and dirty. To elicit (more) subconscious clues, a group of 21 people were asked to make moodboards representing 'clean' and 'dirty'. Verbal associations as well as moodboard...
Given that it is essential for hotels to understand how guests experience hospitality, hotel mana... more Given that it is essential for hotels to understand how guests experience hospitality, hotel managers need more concrete and tangible insights into this issue to improve their service. Quantitative research on experience of the physical environment and employee contact has shown that the comfort of hotel rooms and an inviting ambience are the factors that most influence guest loyalty. This exploratory paper employs verbal and visual association methods to translate comfortable and inviting into tangible sensory characteristics. Results show association of comfortable with lingering, sitting, resting, natural colours, rounded-off rectangles, and multiple layers. By contrast, inviting is associated with common (meeting) areas such as corridors, white, grey, transparency, and colourful accessories. Visual data proved suitable for identifying tangible (sensory) characteristics, and delivering concrete recommendations for improving invitingness and comfort.
This paper aims to define the influence of the physical and social dimensions of the work environ... more This paper aims to define the influence of the physical and social dimensions of the work environment on knowledge productivity of academics in Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences. Results are based on literature review and a multiple case study (diary analysis and in-depth interviews; 6 cases, N=28) and a survey (researchers and professors, N =188). Results from both in-depth interviews and survey show that knowledge workers share two basic needs: their productivity requires isolation (internalization of knowledge) and interaction (externalization of knowledge), supported by different spatial concepts. Regression analysis of the survey results shows that physical and social dimensions of the work environment combined explain approx. 50% of the variance of the perceived personal and collective productivity. However, collective productivity is primarily determined by the physical dimension, whereas the social dimension is crucial for personal productivity. Furthermore, social inte...
This paper presents the results of a two-year project called Workspace 2020, aimed to develop a m... more This paper presents the results of a two-year project called Workspace 2020, aimed to develop a model for the future office workspace. Work preferences are changing; the importance of the added value of workspace for individual and organizational performance is more and more recognized. Facility management (FM) should be prepared to offer the right kind of real estate and service to satisfy the office workers' needs in 2020. Therefore, the central research question is: what is the optimal FM support for office workers in 2020? Data were collected in 4 phases. In phase 1 a preliminary vision was drafted, based on extensive literature review and a triple case study. The subsequent triple validation process during phase 2 and 3 encompassed in-depth expert interviews, a survey, and in-depth interviews with FM-suppliers. This paper discusses the key aspects of the future workspace, such as working any place/any time, performance-based management, freedom of choice, and the increasing...
Purpose: Changes in financing induce Dutch hospitals to become more market-driven; they aim at hi... more Purpose: Changes in financing induce Dutch hospitals to become more market-driven; they aim at high customer (patient) satisfaction. Therefore, hospitals put more and more emphasis on hospitality. A hospital stay involves more than medical treatment: a bed to sleep in, a room, food and drink, and interaction with medical and facility staff. What aspects of a hospital stay are related most to hospitality according to patients? Theory: definitions of hospitality, including the four dimensions of hospitality as formulated by Brotherton; added value of FM in healthcare. Design/methodology/approach: three surveys among patients of two Dutch hospitals, regarding aspects of hospitality. First, patients were asked to rate hospital staff on behavioural aspects related to hospitality. In a second survey patients were asked to select characteristic aspects of hospitality. Third, interviews and a survey in a third hospital showed which aspects of hospitality patients most value. Findings indica...
Rationale for our research is the upcoming war for talent (Ware & Gra... more Rationale for our research is the upcoming war for talent (Ware & Grantham, 2003), caused by a diminishing workforce and the scarcity of students in facility management degree programs (outside the Netherlands). In order to retain (future) workers, a good scope of workers' needs is required. Age-related differentiation regarding work and workspace is suggested by several researchers such as Sladek
This research explores how Baby Boomers (1945 -1964), Generation X (1965-1980), and Generation Y ... more This research explores how Baby Boomers (1945 -1964), Generation X (1965-1980), and Generation Y (1981-1995) perceive organisational culture in an international hotel chain, using Quinn's competing values model. The sample consisted of 181 employees (response 72%). The four orientations that constitute organisational culture (support, innovation, rules, and goal) range between 3.7 and 4.0, indicating a predominantly formal mechanistic culture. We find significant differences in perceived organisational culture between regional and city hotels, but not in perception of culture between neither gender nor generations. We may conclude that all three generations perceive organisational culture alike, thus allowing comparison between intergenerational expectations regarding organisational culture, the next step in this research.
ABSTRACT (All-E)-5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal was prepared in both optical antipodes (1R and 1S... more ABSTRACT (All-E)-5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal was prepared in both optical antipodes (1R and 1S), as well as in their 9-Z and 13-Z forms. The interaction of the 1R and 1S forms with bacterioopsin shows that there is a clear chiral recognition on the formation of the bacteriorhodopsin analogues, reflected in the rate of binding and ϵmax values. The two bacteriorhodopsins with optically active chromophores have an identical λmax value and show the same efficiency of the light-driven proton pump. The absence of the 5-methyl group leads to a 50% lower proton-pump efficiency than the native system. In addition, for the racemic 5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal, the 5-2H, 7-2H, 5,7-2H2 and 5,7,16a,16a-2H4 isotopomers in the various isomeric forms all-E, 9-Z and 13-Z were also prepared.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1990
We have measured the thermodynamic efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat-liver ... more We have measured the thermodynamic efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat-liver mitochondria during oxidation of succinate. Furthermore, we have calculated what the effect of proton leak or slip in the redox pumps should be on the efficiency of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. These calculations were compared with experiments in which the efficiency was determined in the presence of induced proton leak or redox slip. The results of these experiments are in agreement with the predictions. It is concluded that it is possible to distinguish experimentally between effects of proton leak and redox slip on energy transduction.
We have determined the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in potato-tuber mltochondrla using... more We have determined the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in potato-tuber mltochondrla using two respiratory substrates: succinate or NADH. Since plant mitochondria contain a NADH dehydrogenase that faces the lntermembrane space but which does not translocate protons, the value for the P~ 0 is theoretically the same for succinate and NADH despite the difference in redox potential. We found that in practice the P / O is slightly lower for NADH. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is lower with NADH than with succinate. The value for the coupling coefficient is approx, the same for both substrates, namely 0.960 for succmate and 0.956 for NADH. The values for the phenomenologlcal Stolchlometry were 1.90 and 1.83 for succinate and NADH, respectively. With both substrates, the low value for the phenomenologlcal stolchiometry ln&cates that in potato-tuber m~tochondria a shp occurs m the proton-pumps of the electron-transport chain. Only part of the free energy available from substrate oxidation is used, effectively: this amounts to 92 kJ/mol (60%) and 94 kJ/mol (45%) when succinate or NADH are used as substrate, respectively.
For the antioxidant effect of lipoic acid, reduction to dihydrolipoic acid is considered to be im... more For the antioxidant effect of lipoic acid, reduction to dihydrolipoic acid is considered to be important. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LipHD) preferentially reduces R-lipoic acid and in a subsequent reaction, the R-dihydrolipoic acid formed may non-enzymatically reduce S-lipoic acid. Using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, the second order rate constant of the latter reaction was determined (k 2 = 15 M −1 sec −1). In vitro, it was found that S-lipoic acid is reduced by LipDH using R-lipoic acid as a catalyst. The non-enzymatic dithiol-disulfide reaction leads to synergistic reduction of the enan-tiomers which can explain the higher antioxidant activity of racemic lipoic acid found in vivo (Maitra et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221:422–429, 1996) in comparison to the enantiomers. Lipoic acid is therapeutically active in several diseases via antioxi-dant activity. These findings suggest that racemic lipoic acid can be therapeutically more active than the separate enantiomers. Chirality 9:362–366, 1997.
Purpose - The aim is to investigate what (tangible) characteristics of the environment people ass... more Purpose - The aim is to investigate what (tangible) characteristics of the environment people associate with cleanliness, to determine what aspects -apart from technical cleanliness -are involved when people perceive their (working) environment to be 'clean'. Theory - According to Berry et al. (2006), people (un)consciously filter experience clues in service environments, namely objective functional clues, and subjective mechanic (sensory) and humanic clues. Mechanic clues are important contributors to first impressions, and the value customers assign to the service organization. Values may act as subconscious clues and strongly influence people's objective rating of cleanliness. Design/methodology/approach - Two surveys were used to measure people's verbal associations with clean and dirty. To elicit (more) subconscious clues, a group of 21 people were asked to make moodboards representing 'clean' and 'dirty'. Verbal associations as well as moodboard...
Given that it is essential for hotels to understand how guests experience hospitality, hotel mana... more Given that it is essential for hotels to understand how guests experience hospitality, hotel managers need more concrete and tangible insights into this issue to improve their service. Quantitative research on experience of the physical environment and employee contact has shown that the comfort of hotel rooms and an inviting ambience are the factors that most influence guest loyalty. This exploratory paper employs verbal and visual association methods to translate comfortable and inviting into tangible sensory characteristics. Results show association of comfortable with lingering, sitting, resting, natural colours, rounded-off rectangles, and multiple layers. By contrast, inviting is associated with common (meeting) areas such as corridors, white, grey, transparency, and colourful accessories. Visual data proved suitable for identifying tangible (sensory) characteristics, and delivering concrete recommendations for improving invitingness and comfort.
This paper aims to define the influence of the physical and social dimensions of the work environ... more This paper aims to define the influence of the physical and social dimensions of the work environment on knowledge productivity of academics in Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences. Results are based on literature review and a multiple case study (diary analysis and in-depth interviews; 6 cases, N=28) and a survey (researchers and professors, N =188). Results from both in-depth interviews and survey show that knowledge workers share two basic needs: their productivity requires isolation (internalization of knowledge) and interaction (externalization of knowledge), supported by different spatial concepts. Regression analysis of the survey results shows that physical and social dimensions of the work environment combined explain approx. 50% of the variance of the perceived personal and collective productivity. However, collective productivity is primarily determined by the physical dimension, whereas the social dimension is crucial for personal productivity. Furthermore, social inte...
This paper presents the results of a two-year project called Workspace 2020, aimed to develop a m... more This paper presents the results of a two-year project called Workspace 2020, aimed to develop a model for the future office workspace. Work preferences are changing; the importance of the added value of workspace for individual and organizational performance is more and more recognized. Facility management (FM) should be prepared to offer the right kind of real estate and service to satisfy the office workers' needs in 2020. Therefore, the central research question is: what is the optimal FM support for office workers in 2020? Data were collected in 4 phases. In phase 1 a preliminary vision was drafted, based on extensive literature review and a triple case study. The subsequent triple validation process during phase 2 and 3 encompassed in-depth expert interviews, a survey, and in-depth interviews with FM-suppliers. This paper discusses the key aspects of the future workspace, such as working any place/any time, performance-based management, freedom of choice, and the increasing...
Purpose: Changes in financing induce Dutch hospitals to become more market-driven; they aim at hi... more Purpose: Changes in financing induce Dutch hospitals to become more market-driven; they aim at high customer (patient) satisfaction. Therefore, hospitals put more and more emphasis on hospitality. A hospital stay involves more than medical treatment: a bed to sleep in, a room, food and drink, and interaction with medical and facility staff. What aspects of a hospital stay are related most to hospitality according to patients? Theory: definitions of hospitality, including the four dimensions of hospitality as formulated by Brotherton; added value of FM in healthcare. Design/methodology/approach: three surveys among patients of two Dutch hospitals, regarding aspects of hospitality. First, patients were asked to rate hospital staff on behavioural aspects related to hospitality. In a second survey patients were asked to select characteristic aspects of hospitality. Third, interviews and a survey in a third hospital showed which aspects of hospitality patients most value. Findings indica...
Rationale for our research is the upcoming war for talent (Ware & Gra... more Rationale for our research is the upcoming war for talent (Ware & Grantham, 2003), caused by a diminishing workforce and the scarcity of students in facility management degree programs (outside the Netherlands). In order to retain (future) workers, a good scope of workers' needs is required. Age-related differentiation regarding work and workspace is suggested by several researchers such as Sladek
This research explores how Baby Boomers (1945 -1964), Generation X (1965-1980), and Generation Y ... more This research explores how Baby Boomers (1945 -1964), Generation X (1965-1980), and Generation Y (1981-1995) perceive organisational culture in an international hotel chain, using Quinn's competing values model. The sample consisted of 181 employees (response 72%). The four orientations that constitute organisational culture (support, innovation, rules, and goal) range between 3.7 and 4.0, indicating a predominantly formal mechanistic culture. We find significant differences in perceived organisational culture between regional and city hotels, but not in perception of culture between neither gender nor generations. We may conclude that all three generations perceive organisational culture alike, thus allowing comparison between intergenerational expectations regarding organisational culture, the next step in this research.
ABSTRACT (All-E)-5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal was prepared in both optical antipodes (1R and 1S... more ABSTRACT (All-E)-5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal was prepared in both optical antipodes (1R and 1S), as well as in their 9-Z and 13-Z forms. The interaction of the 1R and 1S forms with bacterioopsin shows that there is a clear chiral recognition on the formation of the bacteriorhodopsin analogues, reflected in the rate of binding and ϵmax values. The two bacteriorhodopsins with optically active chromophores have an identical λmax value and show the same efficiency of the light-driven proton pump. The absence of the 5-methyl group leads to a 50% lower proton-pump efficiency than the native system. In addition, for the racemic 5-demethyl-8,16-methanoretinal, the 5-2H, 7-2H, 5,7-2H2 and 5,7,16a,16a-2H4 isotopomers in the various isomeric forms all-E, 9-Z and 13-Z were also prepared.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1990
We have measured the thermodynamic efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat-liver ... more We have measured the thermodynamic efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat-liver mitochondria during oxidation of succinate. Furthermore, we have calculated what the effect of proton leak or slip in the redox pumps should be on the efficiency of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. These calculations were compared with experiments in which the efficiency was determined in the presence of induced proton leak or redox slip. The results of these experiments are in agreement with the predictions. It is concluded that it is possible to distinguish experimentally between effects of proton leak and redox slip on energy transduction.
We have determined the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in potato-tuber mltochondrla using... more We have determined the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in potato-tuber mltochondrla using two respiratory substrates: succinate or NADH. Since plant mitochondria contain a NADH dehydrogenase that faces the lntermembrane space but which does not translocate protons, the value for the P~ 0 is theoretically the same for succinate and NADH despite the difference in redox potential. We found that in practice the P / O is slightly lower for NADH. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is lower with NADH than with succinate. The value for the coupling coefficient is approx, the same for both substrates, namely 0.960 for succmate and 0.956 for NADH. The values for the phenomenologlcal Stolchlometry were 1.90 and 1.83 for succinate and NADH, respectively. With both substrates, the low value for the phenomenologlcal stolchiometry ln&cates that in potato-tuber m~tochondria a shp occurs m the proton-pumps of the electron-transport chain. Only part of the free energy available from substrate oxidation is used, effectively: this amounts to 92 kJ/mol (60%) and 94 kJ/mol (45%) when succinate or NADH are used as substrate, respectively.
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