Olusanya Olasehinde is a Preceptor and an astute Researcher at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. He is a PhD student at the Institute of Biophysics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS. His PhD research focuses on the separation and identification of MultiProtein Complexes using SEC, Blue Native PAGE and Quantification using LC-MS/MS. Olusanya does research in Separation of complex proteins and Identification of integral proteins from Biofluids Supervisors: Professor Yang Fuquan
Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029)
The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil... more The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil toxicity. Crude oil toxicity created significant inhibition (p<0.05) of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) but activated catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in hepatic cells when compared with control. Crude oil toxicity also inducedsignificant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) andalanine phosphatase (ALP) in the serum. The alteration of antioxidant enzymes and other liverparameters may be attributed to oxidative stress and adaptive response. The rats that weresimultaneously treated with crude oil and N. hatifolia stem bark extract however, maintained or recorded relatively no significant (p>0.05) alteration in biochemical parameters in the serum and hepatic cells when compared with control. These non-significant (p>0.05) alteration may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties o...
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African count... more Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African countries including Nigeria. It is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of various disease conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the biochemical effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on male rat reproductive hormones. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 100 g-200 g were grouped into a control group and three experimental groups. While the water control group received 1.0 ml of water for 28 days, the experimental groups were administered 250 mg/kg oral doses of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx. The effect of the extract on the basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol were conducted in experimental animals. The 28 days administration of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. is associated with decreased circulating plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Luteinizing horm...
COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest ... more COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest economies and making its way to the continent of Africa. Weak medical infrastructure and over‐reliance on medical aids may eventually predict worse outcomes in Africa. To reverse this trend, Africa must re‐evaluate the only area with strategic advantage; phytotherapy. One of the many plants with previous antiviral potency is against RNA viruses is Aframomum melegueta. In this study, one hundred (100) A. melegueta secondary metabolites have been mined and computational evaluated for inhibition of host furin, and SARS‐COV‐2 targets including 3C‐like proteinase (Mpro/3CLpro), 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) and surface glycoprotein/ACE2 receptor interface. Silica‐gel column partitioning of A. melegueta fruit/seed resulted in 6 fractions tested against furin activity. Diarylheptanoid (Letestuianin A), phenylpropanoid (4‐Cinnamoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐spiro[furan‐5,2′‐(1′H)‐indene]‐1′,2,3′(2′H,5H)‐trione), flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin and Tectochrysin) have been identified as high‐binding compounds to SARS‐COV‐2 targets in a polypharmacology manner. Di‐ethyl‐ether (IC50 = 0.03 mg/L), acetone (IC50 = 1.564 mg/L), ethyl‐acetate (IC50 = 0.382 mg/L) and methanol (IC50 = 0.438 mg/L) fractions demonstrated the best inhibition in kinetic assay while DEF, ASF and MEF completely inhibited furin‐recognition sequence containing Ebola virus‐pre‐glycoprotein. In conclusion, A. melegueta and its secondary metabolites have potential for addressing the therapeutic needs of African population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest ... more COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest economies and making its way to the continent of Africa. Weak medical infrastructure and over‐reliance on medical aids may eventually predict worse outcomes in Africa. To reverse this trend, Africa must re‐evaluate the only area with strategic advantage; phytotherapy. One of the many plants with previous antiviral potency is against RNA viruses is Aframomum melegueta. In this study, one hundred (100) A. melegueta secondary metabolites have been mined and computational evaluated for inhibition of host furin, and SARS‐COV‐2 targets including 3C‐like proteinase (Mpro/3CLpro), 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) and surface glycoprotein/ACE2 receptor interface. Silica‐gel column partitioning of A. melegueta fruit/seed resulted in 6 fractions tested against furin activity. Diarylheptanoid (Letestuianin A), phenylpropanoid (4‐Cinnamoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐spiro[furan‐5,2′‐(1′H)‐indene]‐1′,2,3′(2′H,5H)‐trione), flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin and Tectochrysin) have been identified as high‐binding compounds to SARS‐COV‐2 targets in a polypharmacology manner. Di‐ethyl‐ether (IC50 = 0.03 mg/L), acetone (IC50 = 1.564 mg/L), ethyl‐acetate (IC50 = 0.382 mg/L) and methanol (IC50 = 0.438 mg/L) fractions demonstrated the best inhibition in kinetic assay while DEF, ASF and MEF completely inhibited furin‐recognition sequence containing Ebola virus‐pre‐glycoprotein. In conclusion, A. melegueta and its secondary metabolites have potential for addressing the therapeutic needs of African population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutriti... more Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Aim To evaluate the ameliorative effects of ginger and garlic on H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Settings and design Reproductive toxicity of H. sabdariffa at high dosage and the ameliorative potential of ginger and garlic were determined. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into one control group and three experimental groups of five rats each. The animals in group 1 received 1 ml distilled water, the animals in group 2 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa, and the animals in group 3 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa and were cotreated with ginger and garlic (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 28 days. The animals in group 4 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa for 14 days and were left to recover naturally for 14 days. The reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. Results and conclusion H. sabdariffa treatment significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the plasma levels of reproductive hormones testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of the testes also showed marked degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, with necrosis and alteration in testicular structure in H. sabdariffa-treated rats. These alterations induced by H. sabdariffa were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by treatment with ginger and garlic. The results indicated that ginger and garlic protect against testicular damage induced by H. sabdariffa, which may be because of their antioxidant properties and as such may be useful in treating H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage.
Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)‐Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional med... more Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)‐Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating male infertility and lowering diabetic blood sugar levels. We investigated possible mechanism(s) involved in mitigation of L. micranthus leaves nanoparticles (LMLNPs) on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced testicular alterations. Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in male rats following 2 weeks feeding with fructose and single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Control (nondiabetic) and (diabetic) rats received buffer only. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or LMLNPs (two different doses) for 28 days. Hormonal profile, oxido‐inflammatory stress parameters, glucose metabolism and steroidogenic enzymes/regulatory protein (StAR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in testes and sperm parameters were evaluated. Metformin and LMLNPs treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Furthermore, LMLNPs enhanced glucose metabolism and testicular steroidogenic enzymes/protein, increased reproductive hormone levels and sperm functional parameters in diabetic rats. Additionally, LMLNPs suppressed testicular oxido‐inflammatory stress biomarkers and inhibited lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats while augmenting Nrf2 pathway. Conclusively, LMLNPs potently reversed adverse effects of T2DM testicular dysfunction of rats. Use of LMLNPs in abating diabetic consequences proves an acceptable alternative to traditional crude extract preparations, as a result of better packaging and preservation.
The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safet... more The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safety of the aquatic environment is directly related to the safety of humans and animals in both the aquatic and non-aquatic (terrestrial) environment. The aquatic environment being the ultimate recipient of contaminants/pollutants from anthropogenic and natural sources is a major environmental and health concerns. This study was carried out to screen some sections of Ikpoba River (Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Abattoir in Iguana village) for metals and to assess some stress enzymes in the gill, heart, liver and muscle of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) . The results show that Ikpoba River has a pH of 6.2, density (1.02) and dissolved salts (0.0018). The recorded nickel (Ni) level was 0.004; while cadmium (Cd) was not detected in Ikpoba River. Other metals detected in the river water were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)....
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African count... more Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African countries including Nigeria. It is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of various disease conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the biochemical effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on male rat reproductive hormones. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 100 g-200 g were grouped into a control group and three experimental groups. While the water control group received 1.0 ml of water for 28 days, the experimental groups were administered 250 mg/kg oral doses of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx. The effect of the extract on the basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol were conducted in experimental animals. The 28 days administration of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. is associated with decreased circulating plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Luteinizing horm...
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals u... more Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals used to transform cells to confer antitumor properties. In the current study, curcumin and hydroxamate-derivative PCI-34058-bound HDAC1 were subjected to atomistic simulation. The results support the view that fitting of curcumin and PCI-34058 within the HDAC1 pocket depends on extensive interactions between the aromatic moieties of the inhibitors and the extensive network of aromatic amino acid side chains lining the pocket of HDAC1. The interaction forces a local perturbation of the coiled structures connecting the pocket residues resulting in ligand-induced tightening of the pocket. In addition to the competitive occupancy of the histone-acetyl-lysine binding pocket by the inhibitors, interference with the in-pocket aspartate-histidine (ASP-HIS) charge relay system was also observed in inhibitor-bound HDAC1 systems. In conclusion, curcumin and PCI-34058-mediated ligand-dependent HDAC1 tunnel closure interferes negatively with the ASP-HIS charge relay system in HDAC1. Future design of HDAC inhibitors may benefit from optimizing competitive interaction with the ligand site and interference with the charge relay system.
Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)-Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional med... more Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)-Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating male infertility and lowering diabetic blood sugar levels. We investigated possible mechanism(s) involved in mitigation of L. micranthus leaves nanoparticles (LMLNPs) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular alterations. Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in male rats following 2 weeks feeding with fructose and single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Control (nondiabetic) and (diabetic) rats received buffer only. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or LMLNPs (two different doses) for 28 days. Hormonal profile, oxido-inflammatory stress parameters, glucose metabolism and steroidogenic enzymes/regulatory protein (StAR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in testes and sperm parameters were evaluated. Metformin and LMLNPs treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Furthermore, LMLNPs enhanced glucose metabolism and testicular steroidogenic enzymes/protein, increased reproductive hormone levels and sperm functional parameters in diabetic rats. Additionally, LMLNPs suppressed testicular oxido-inflammatory stress biomarkers and inhibited lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats while augmenting Nrf2 pathway. Conclusively, LMLNPs potently reversed adverse effects of T2DM testicular dysfunction of rats. Use of LMLNPs in abating diabetic consequences proves an acceptable alternative to traditional crude extract preparations, as a result of better packaging and preservation. KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, Loranthus micranthus, nanoparticles, oxidoinflammatory stress
Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutriti... more Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Aim To evaluate the ameliorative effects of ginger and garlic on H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Settings and design Reproductive toxicity of H. sabdariffa at high dosage and the ameliorative potential of ginger and garlic were determined. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into one control group and three experimental groups of five rats each. The animals in group 1 received 1 ml distilled water, the animals in group 2 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa, and the animals in group 3 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa and were cotreated with ginger and garlic (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 28 days. The animals in group 4 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa for 14 days and were left to recover naturally for 14 days. The reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. Results and conclusion H. sabdariffa treatment significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the plasma levels of reproductive hormones testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of the testes also showed marked degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, with necrosis and alteration in testicular structure in H. sabdariffa-treated rats. These alterations induced by H. sabdariffa were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by treatment with ginger and garlic. The results indicated that ginger and garlic protect against testicular damage induced by H. sabdariffa, which may be because of their antioxidant properties and as such may be useful in treating H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage.
The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil... more The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil toxicity. Crude oil toxicity created significant inhibition (p<0.05) of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) but activated catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hepatic cells when compared with control. Crude oil toxicity also induced significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine phosphatase (ALP) in the serum. The alteration of antioxidant enzymes and other liver parameters may be attributed to oxidative stress and adaptive response. The rats that were simultaneously treated with crude oil and N. hatifolia stem bark extract however, maintained or recorded relatively no significant (p>0.05)alteration in biochemical parameters in the serum and hepatic cells when compared with control. These non-significant (p>0.05) alteration may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of N. hatifolia which may explain the probable therapeutic and protective role of N. hatifolia in crude oil toxicity.
The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safet... more The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safety of the aquatic environment is directly related to the safety of humans and animals in both the aquatic and non-aquatic (terrestrial) environment. The aquatic environment being the ultimate recipient of contaminants/pollutants from anthropogenic and natural sources is a major environmental and health concerns. This study was carried out to screen some sections of Ikpoba River (Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Abattoir in Iguana village) for metals and to assess some stress enzymes in the gill, heart, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The results show that Ikpoba River has a pH of 6.2, density (1.02) and dissolved salts (0.0018). The recorded nickel (Ni) level was 0.004; while cadmium (Cd) was not detected in Ikpoba River. Other metals detected in the river water were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The abattoir section of the river has a higher level of these metals than the Guinness area. An investigation into the effects of these metals on antioxidant enzymes, aldehyde oxidase. Lactate dehydrogenase activities in the gills, heart, liver and muscle of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) show an enhanced level of uric acid and antioxidant enzyme activities, decrease level of aldehyde oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in some tissues/organs of the fish species from the river when compared with the control. Like the river water, the fishes from the abattoir sections contain the highest level of these stress enzymes. This study provides some baseline data for the deterioration of Ikpoba River and the effect of some metals on its aquatic habitants.
The effects protein-energy malnourishment on the kidney morphology, kidney tissue markers of oxid... more The effects protein-energy malnourishment on the kidney morphology, kidney tissue markers of oxidative stress, tissue toxicity and plasma micro-elements in carbendazim-treated adult male Wistar rats were evaluated. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups fed low (4.11%) or normal (17.78%) protein-energy diets (LP and NP, respectively) and orally administered 200 mg carbendazim/kg body weight (LPC; NPC)/day for 14 days. Control groups received oil (LPO; NPO). Carbendazim reduced the relative body weight gains of the rats relative to the NPO, independent of their protein-energy diet status. Significant elevations (ρ < 0.05) in the profiles of MDA, GSH, SOD, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea, Ni, Se and lead were observed in the LPC group relative to the NPO group. The NPC group showed significantly decreased (ρ < 0.05) levels of MDA and Zn relative to the NPO. However, the concentrations of CAT, GSH, total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, Se and As were significantly elevated in the NPC relative to the NPO groups. Although histomorphological changes were observed in the kidney of the carbendazim-treated group on normal protein diet, protein-energy malnutrition did not exacerbate lesions which were contrary to tissue MDA which was elevated in LPC. The alterations in the profiles of tissue markers of oxidative stress, kidney function tests and some micro-nutrients observed in the kidney suggest that the toxic effects of carbendazim is more pronounced in the kidney of protein-energy malnourished rats.
Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029)
The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil... more The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil toxicity. Crude oil toxicity created significant inhibition (p<0.05) of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) but activated catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in hepatic cells when compared with control. Crude oil toxicity also inducedsignificant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) andalanine phosphatase (ALP) in the serum. The alteration of antioxidant enzymes and other liverparameters may be attributed to oxidative stress and adaptive response. The rats that weresimultaneously treated with crude oil and N. hatifolia stem bark extract however, maintained or recorded relatively no significant (p>0.05) alteration in biochemical parameters in the serum and hepatic cells when compared with control. These non-significant (p>0.05) alteration may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties o...
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African count... more Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African countries including Nigeria. It is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of various disease conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the biochemical effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on male rat reproductive hormones. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 100 g-200 g were grouped into a control group and three experimental groups. While the water control group received 1.0 ml of water for 28 days, the experimental groups were administered 250 mg/kg oral doses of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx. The effect of the extract on the basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol were conducted in experimental animals. The 28 days administration of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. is associated with decreased circulating plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Luteinizing horm...
COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest ... more COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest economies and making its way to the continent of Africa. Weak medical infrastructure and over‐reliance on medical aids may eventually predict worse outcomes in Africa. To reverse this trend, Africa must re‐evaluate the only area with strategic advantage; phytotherapy. One of the many plants with previous antiviral potency is against RNA viruses is Aframomum melegueta. In this study, one hundred (100) A. melegueta secondary metabolites have been mined and computational evaluated for inhibition of host furin, and SARS‐COV‐2 targets including 3C‐like proteinase (Mpro/3CLpro), 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) and surface glycoprotein/ACE2 receptor interface. Silica‐gel column partitioning of A. melegueta fruit/seed resulted in 6 fractions tested against furin activity. Diarylheptanoid (Letestuianin A), phenylpropanoid (4‐Cinnamoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐spiro[furan‐5,2′‐(1′H)‐indene]‐1′,2,3′(2′H,5H)‐trione), flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin and Tectochrysin) have been identified as high‐binding compounds to SARS‐COV‐2 targets in a polypharmacology manner. Di‐ethyl‐ether (IC50 = 0.03 mg/L), acetone (IC50 = 1.564 mg/L), ethyl‐acetate (IC50 = 0.382 mg/L) and methanol (IC50 = 0.438 mg/L) fractions demonstrated the best inhibition in kinetic assay while DEF, ASF and MEF completely inhibited furin‐recognition sequence containing Ebola virus‐pre‐glycoprotein. In conclusion, A. melegueta and its secondary metabolites have potential for addressing the therapeutic needs of African population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest ... more COVID‐19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest economies and making its way to the continent of Africa. Weak medical infrastructure and over‐reliance on medical aids may eventually predict worse outcomes in Africa. To reverse this trend, Africa must re‐evaluate the only area with strategic advantage; phytotherapy. One of the many plants with previous antiviral potency is against RNA viruses is Aframomum melegueta. In this study, one hundred (100) A. melegueta secondary metabolites have been mined and computational evaluated for inhibition of host furin, and SARS‐COV‐2 targets including 3C‐like proteinase (Mpro/3CLpro), 2′‐O‐ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) and surface glycoprotein/ACE2 receptor interface. Silica‐gel column partitioning of A. melegueta fruit/seed resulted in 6 fractions tested against furin activity. Diarylheptanoid (Letestuianin A), phenylpropanoid (4‐Cinnamoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐spiro[furan‐5,2′‐(1′H)‐indene]‐1′,2,3′(2′H,5H)‐trione), flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin and Tectochrysin) have been identified as high‐binding compounds to SARS‐COV‐2 targets in a polypharmacology manner. Di‐ethyl‐ether (IC50 = 0.03 mg/L), acetone (IC50 = 1.564 mg/L), ethyl‐acetate (IC50 = 0.382 mg/L) and methanol (IC50 = 0.438 mg/L) fractions demonstrated the best inhibition in kinetic assay while DEF, ASF and MEF completely inhibited furin‐recognition sequence containing Ebola virus‐pre‐glycoprotein. In conclusion, A. melegueta and its secondary metabolites have potential for addressing the therapeutic needs of African population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutriti... more Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Aim To evaluate the ameliorative effects of ginger and garlic on H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Settings and design Reproductive toxicity of H. sabdariffa at high dosage and the ameliorative potential of ginger and garlic were determined. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into one control group and three experimental groups of five rats each. The animals in group 1 received 1 ml distilled water, the animals in group 2 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa, and the animals in group 3 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa and were cotreated with ginger and garlic (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 28 days. The animals in group 4 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa for 14 days and were left to recover naturally for 14 days. The reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. Results and conclusion H. sabdariffa treatment significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the plasma levels of reproductive hormones testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of the testes also showed marked degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, with necrosis and alteration in testicular structure in H. sabdariffa-treated rats. These alterations induced by H. sabdariffa were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by treatment with ginger and garlic. The results indicated that ginger and garlic protect against testicular damage induced by H. sabdariffa, which may be because of their antioxidant properties and as such may be useful in treating H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage.
Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)‐Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional med... more Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)‐Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating male infertility and lowering diabetic blood sugar levels. We investigated possible mechanism(s) involved in mitigation of L. micranthus leaves nanoparticles (LMLNPs) on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced testicular alterations. Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in male rats following 2 weeks feeding with fructose and single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Control (nondiabetic) and (diabetic) rats received buffer only. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or LMLNPs (two different doses) for 28 days. Hormonal profile, oxido‐inflammatory stress parameters, glucose metabolism and steroidogenic enzymes/regulatory protein (StAR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in testes and sperm parameters were evaluated. Metformin and LMLNPs treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Furthermore, LMLNPs enhanced glucose metabolism and testicular steroidogenic enzymes/protein, increased reproductive hormone levels and sperm functional parameters in diabetic rats. Additionally, LMLNPs suppressed testicular oxido‐inflammatory stress biomarkers and inhibited lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats while augmenting Nrf2 pathway. Conclusively, LMLNPs potently reversed adverse effects of T2DM testicular dysfunction of rats. Use of LMLNPs in abating diabetic consequences proves an acceptable alternative to traditional crude extract preparations, as a result of better packaging and preservation.
The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safet... more The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safety of the aquatic environment is directly related to the safety of humans and animals in both the aquatic and non-aquatic (terrestrial) environment. The aquatic environment being the ultimate recipient of contaminants/pollutants from anthropogenic and natural sources is a major environmental and health concerns. This study was carried out to screen some sections of Ikpoba River (Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Abattoir in Iguana village) for metals and to assess some stress enzymes in the gill, heart, liver and muscle of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) . The results show that Ikpoba River has a pH of 6.2, density (1.02) and dissolved salts (0.0018). The recorded nickel (Ni) level was 0.004; while cadmium (Cd) was not detected in Ikpoba River. Other metals detected in the river water were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)....
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African count... more Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asia and African countries including Nigeria. It is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of various disease conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the biochemical effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on male rat reproductive hormones. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 100 g-200 g were grouped into a control group and three experimental groups. While the water control group received 1.0 ml of water for 28 days, the experimental groups were administered 250 mg/kg oral doses of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx. The effect of the extract on the basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol were conducted in experimental animals. The 28 days administration of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. is associated with decreased circulating plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone, Luteinizing horm...
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals u... more Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals used to transform cells to confer antitumor properties. In the current study, curcumin and hydroxamate-derivative PCI-34058-bound HDAC1 were subjected to atomistic simulation. The results support the view that fitting of curcumin and PCI-34058 within the HDAC1 pocket depends on extensive interactions between the aromatic moieties of the inhibitors and the extensive network of aromatic amino acid side chains lining the pocket of HDAC1. The interaction forces a local perturbation of the coiled structures connecting the pocket residues resulting in ligand-induced tightening of the pocket. In addition to the competitive occupancy of the histone-acetyl-lysine binding pocket by the inhibitors, interference with the in-pocket aspartate-histidine (ASP-HIS) charge relay system was also observed in inhibitor-bound HDAC1 systems. In conclusion, curcumin and PCI-34058-mediated ligand-dependent HDAC1 tunnel closure interferes negatively with the ASP-HIS charge relay system in HDAC1. Future design of HDAC inhibitors may benefit from optimizing competitive interaction with the ligand site and interference with the charge relay system.
Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)-Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional med... more Loranthus micranthus (African mistletoe)-Loranthaceae family, is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating male infertility and lowering diabetic blood sugar levels. We investigated possible mechanism(s) involved in mitigation of L. micranthus leaves nanoparticles (LMLNPs) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular alterations. Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in male rats following 2 weeks feeding with fructose and single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Control (nondiabetic) and (diabetic) rats received buffer only. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or LMLNPs (two different doses) for 28 days. Hormonal profile, oxido-inflammatory stress parameters, glucose metabolism and steroidogenic enzymes/regulatory protein (StAR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in testes and sperm parameters were evaluated. Metformin and LMLNPs treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Furthermore, LMLNPs enhanced glucose metabolism and testicular steroidogenic enzymes/protein, increased reproductive hormone levels and sperm functional parameters in diabetic rats. Additionally, LMLNPs suppressed testicular oxido-inflammatory stress biomarkers and inhibited lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats while augmenting Nrf2 pathway. Conclusively, LMLNPs potently reversed adverse effects of T2DM testicular dysfunction of rats. Use of LMLNPs in abating diabetic consequences proves an acceptable alternative to traditional crude extract preparations, as a result of better packaging and preservation. KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, Loranthus micranthus, nanoparticles, oxidoinflammatory stress
Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutriti... more Context Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is an annual shrub used widely for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Aim To evaluate the ameliorative effects of ginger and garlic on H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Settings and design Reproductive toxicity of H. sabdariffa at high dosage and the ameliorative potential of ginger and garlic were determined. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into one control group and three experimental groups of five rats each. The animals in group 1 received 1 ml distilled water, the animals in group 2 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa, and the animals in group 3 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa and were cotreated with ginger and garlic (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 28 days. The animals in group 4 received 250 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa for 14 days and were left to recover naturally for 14 days. The reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. Results and conclusion H. sabdariffa treatment significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the plasma levels of reproductive hormones testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of the testes also showed marked degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, with necrosis and alteration in testicular structure in H. sabdariffa-treated rats. These alterations induced by H. sabdariffa were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by treatment with ginger and garlic. The results indicated that ginger and garlic protect against testicular damage induced by H. sabdariffa, which may be because of their antioxidant properties and as such may be useful in treating H. sabdariffa-induced testicular damage.
The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil... more The study investigated oxidative stress in rats and the effects of Nauclea hatifolia in crude oil toxicity. Crude oil toxicity created significant inhibition (p<0.05) of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) but activated catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hepatic cells when compared with control. Crude oil toxicity also induced significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine phosphatase (ALP) in the serum. The alteration of antioxidant enzymes and other liver parameters may be attributed to oxidative stress and adaptive response. The rats that were simultaneously treated with crude oil and N. hatifolia stem bark extract however, maintained or recorded relatively no significant (p>0.05)alteration in biochemical parameters in the serum and hepatic cells when compared with control. These non-significant (p>0.05) alteration may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of N. hatifolia which may explain the probable therapeutic and protective role of N. hatifolia in crude oil toxicity.
The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safet... more The major part of the environment and resources are made up of the aquatic environment. The safety of the aquatic environment is directly related to the safety of humans and animals in both the aquatic and non-aquatic (terrestrial) environment. The aquatic environment being the ultimate recipient of contaminants/pollutants from anthropogenic and natural sources is a major environmental and health concerns. This study was carried out to screen some sections of Ikpoba River (Guinness Nigeria Plc, and Abattoir in Iguana village) for metals and to assess some stress enzymes in the gill, heart, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The results show that Ikpoba River has a pH of 6.2, density (1.02) and dissolved salts (0.0018). The recorded nickel (Ni) level was 0.004; while cadmium (Cd) was not detected in Ikpoba River. Other metals detected in the river water were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The abattoir section of the river has a higher level of these metals than the Guinness area. An investigation into the effects of these metals on antioxidant enzymes, aldehyde oxidase. Lactate dehydrogenase activities in the gills, heart, liver and muscle of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) show an enhanced level of uric acid and antioxidant enzyme activities, decrease level of aldehyde oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in some tissues/organs of the fish species from the river when compared with the control. Like the river water, the fishes from the abattoir sections contain the highest level of these stress enzymes. This study provides some baseline data for the deterioration of Ikpoba River and the effect of some metals on its aquatic habitants.
The effects protein-energy malnourishment on the kidney morphology, kidney tissue markers of oxid... more The effects protein-energy malnourishment on the kidney morphology, kidney tissue markers of oxidative stress, tissue toxicity and plasma micro-elements in carbendazim-treated adult male Wistar rats were evaluated. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups fed low (4.11%) or normal (17.78%) protein-energy diets (LP and NP, respectively) and orally administered 200 mg carbendazim/kg body weight (LPC; NPC)/day for 14 days. Control groups received oil (LPO; NPO). Carbendazim reduced the relative body weight gains of the rats relative to the NPO, independent of their protein-energy diet status. Significant elevations (ρ < 0.05) in the profiles of MDA, GSH, SOD, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea, Ni, Se and lead were observed in the LPC group relative to the NPO group. The NPC group showed significantly decreased (ρ < 0.05) levels of MDA and Zn relative to the NPO. However, the concentrations of CAT, GSH, total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, Se and As were significantly elevated in the NPC relative to the NPO groups. Although histomorphological changes were observed in the kidney of the carbendazim-treated group on normal protein diet, protein-energy malnutrition did not exacerbate lesions which were contrary to tissue MDA which was elevated in LPC. The alterations in the profiles of tissue markers of oxidative stress, kidney function tests and some micro-nutrients observed in the kidney suggest that the toxic effects of carbendazim is more pronounced in the kidney of protein-energy malnourished rats.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals u... more Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are representative targets for the natural and synthetic chemicals used to transform cells to confer antitumor properties. In the current study, curcumin and hydroxamate-derivative PCI-34058-bound HDAC1 were subjected to atomistic simulation. The results support the view that fitting of curcumin and PCI-34058 within the HDAC1 pocket depends on extensive interactions between the aromatic moieties of the inhibitors and the extensive network of aromatic amino acid side chains lining the pocket of HDAC1. The interaction forces a local perturbation of the coiled structures connecting the pocket residues resulting in ligand-induced tightening of the pocket. In addition to the competitive occupancy of the histone-acetyl-lysine binding pocket by the inhibitors, interference with the in-pocket aspar-tate-histidine (ASP-HIS) charge relay system was also observed in inhibitor-bound HDAC1 systems. In conclusion, curcumin and PCI-34058-mediated ligand-dependent HDAC1 tunnel closure interferes negatively with the ASP-HIS charge relay system in HDAC1. Future design of HDAC inhibitors may benefit from optimizing competitive interaction with the ligand site and interference with the charge relay system.
COVID-19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest econ... more COVID-19 pandemic is currently decimating the world's most advanced technologies and largest economies and making its way to the continent of Africa. Weak medical infrastructure and over-reliance on medical aids may eventually predict worse outcomes in Africa. To reverse this trend, Africa must re-evaluate the only area with strategic advantage; phytotherapy. One of the many plants with previous antiviral potency is against RNA viruses is Aframomum melegueta. In this study, one hundred (100) A. melegueta secondary metabolites have been mined and computational evaluated for inhibition of host furin, and SARS-COV-2 targets including 3C-like protein-ase (M pro /3CL pro), 2 0-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) and surface glycoprotein/ ACE2 receptor interface. Silica-gel column partitioning of A. melegueta fruit/seed resulted in 6 fractions tested against furin activity. Diarylheptanoid (Letestuianin A), phenylpropanoid (4-Cinnamoyl-3-hydroxy-spiro[furan-5,2 0-(1 0 H)-indene]-1 0 ,2,3 0 (2 0 H,5H)-trione), flavonoids (Quercetin, Apigenin and Tectochrysin) have been identified as high-binding compounds to SARS-COV-2 targets in a polypharmacology manner. Di-ethyl-ether (IC 50 = 0.03 mg/L), acetone (IC 50 = 1.564 mg/L), ethyl-acetate (IC 50 = 0.382 mg/L) and methanol (IC 50 = 0.438 mg/L) fractions demonstrated the best inhibition in kinetic assay while DEF, ASF and MEF completely inhibited furin-recognition sequence containing Ebola virus-pre-glycoprotein. In conclusion, A. melegueta and its secondary metabolites have potential for addressing the therapeutic needs of African population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Papers by Olusanya Olasehinde
KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, Loranthus micranthus, nanoparticles, oxidoinflammatory stress
KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, Loranthus micranthus, nanoparticles, oxidoinflammatory stress