2019-2021- Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the Department of Asian and North African Studies, Ca' Foscari University of Venice. 2013-2014 - Fulbright Visiting Scholar at the Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University.
The collection contains information about 240 archival documents on the history of the Safavid st... more The collection contains information about 240 archival documents on the history of the Safavid state stored in the State Archives of Venice and the Marciana National Library (Venice). The excerpts from several archival documents that are important for the study of Safavid history have been transcribed and translated from Italian into Azerbaijani Turkish and included in the current edition. This book was published within the framework of the project "Compilation and publication of the catalog of documents stored in the archives and libraries of Venice related to the history of the Azerbaijan Safavid State" implemented with the financial support of the Agency for State Support to Non-Governmental Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The book is dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the death of Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid state.
Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this bo... more Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this book, focuses mainly on some aspects of Safavid diplomacy, including the language of the Safavid polity, the role of European subjects as interpreters for the shahs, material and vizual characteristics of Safavid diplomatic letters to Venice, the attitude of the Safavids towards resident diplomacy, the reception of the European envoys in the Safavid court and Europeans’ perception of Safavid diplomatic practices, as well as the characteristics of the Safavid embassies to Venice.
The emergence of the Safavid Empire in the early sixteenth century marked a significant change in... more The emergence of the Safavid Empire in the early sixteenth century marked a significant change in the geopolitics of the Middle East. This momentous change coincided with the widening of Ottoman expansion eastward and the exploration by European powers, especially by Venice, of the possibilities of forming alliances against the Ottomans with the involvement of the Safavids. Thus, Ottoman threat and commercial interests contributed to the emergence and development of diplomatic, cultural, and trade relations between the Republic of Venice and the Safavid Empire, which lasted until the end of the seventeenth century. Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this book focuses mainly on some aspects of Safavid diplomacy, including the language of the Safavid polity, the role of European subjects as interpreters for the shahs, material and visual characteristics of Safavid diplomatic letters to Venice, the attitude of the Safavids towards resident diplomacy, the reception of the European envoys in the Safavid court and Europeans’ perception of Safavid diplomatic practices, as well as the characteristics of the Safavid embassies to Venice. We have tried to explain the role of Turkish as a language of diplomacy and communication in Safavid-Venetian encounters. We have also attempted to explore briefly how the Venetians distinguished Safavid subjects according to their ethno-linguistic affiliations. Finally, we examine the Ottoman factor in Safavid-Venetian relations in order to establish to what extent, if any, the Ottomans had an impact on the overall character of Safavid-Venetian relations.
The socio-political situation of Azerbaijani Safavid state in the middle of the XVI century (Acco... more The socio-political situation of Azerbaijani Safavid state in the middle of the XVI century (According to the “Relazione di Persia” by Venetian envoy Michele Membre). ISBN 9789952347012, Library of Congress control no. 2012498734.
Annali di Ca’ Foscari.Serie orientale is the journal of the Department of Asian and North African... more Annali di Ca’ Foscari.Serie orientale is the journal of the Department of Asian and North African Studies of Ca' Foscari University of Venice. Started in 1970, the journal became an Open Access resource in 2014. Its mission is to foster original and interdisciplinary research in the fields of Asian and North African Studies. Each annual issue features articles and reviews written by leading scholars whose contributions span across a vast array of topics. These can be gathered under four main headings:
Linguistics, philology, and literature. Religions and philosophies. Archaeology and cultural heritage, visual and performing arts. History, economy, politics, and international relations.
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2024
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Safavid and Mughal empires forged a remar... more Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Safavid and Mughal empires forged a remarkable history of dynastic interaction through the frequent exchange of correspondence and gifts. The 'regifting' of luxury objects and exotic goods across physical and cultural boundaries was a common practice in the early modern period. Safavid and Mughal rulers mainly regifted precious items of a rare nature to impress their counterparts. The paper examines the intermediary role of the Safavids in the circulation of objects between India, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. The paper was written within a research project titled ‘Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy’ funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation (AZ46/F/22).
Diplomatica: A Journal of Diplomacy and Society, 2023
The exchange of gifts was an important aspect of the relations between the Safavid Empire and the... more The exchange of gifts was an important aspect of the relations between the Safavid Empire and the Republic of Venice. Drawing on Venetian archival documents, the article aims to explore the nature and significance of Safavid diplomatic gift-giving to Venice in the first third of the seventeenth century. In particular, it examines the place and importance of precious objects in gift exchanges, looking at specific types of gifts given such as carpets, textiles, and weaponry. The article sheds light on the role religion played in the determination of a Shah’s choice of a gift to the Doge. Furthermore, this article examines how the diplomatic gifts from the Safavid rulers were viewed and conceived in Venice. Using a comparative perspective, the article explores the differences between the Safavid gift-giving strategies towards Venice and Ottomans. It reveals that the Safavids and Venetians had a common understanding of what was worthy of giving.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2022
While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received scholarly attentio... more While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt has been made to study the baili's intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues in a systematic way. Through the close scrutiny of baili dispatches and other relevant materials of the Venetian State archives, this paper examines the role of the Venetian diplomats in Istanbul in information-gathering on the Safavids. It demonstrates that the baili used various techniques, particularly gifting, bribery, and information exchange with the Ottoman officials in order to collect and transmit to Venice a wide range of information on Ottomans' arch-rivals, the Safavids.
Taking a comparative perspective and drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives, t... more Taking a comparative perspective and drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives, the paper attempts to examine a ceremonial treatment of the Ottoman and Safavid diplomats in Venice. Both the Ottoman and Safavid envoys usually were graciously received in Venice. However, the degree of Venetian hospitality was subject to changes and varied in accordance to the importance of the incoming mission and overall nature of its relations with the Ottomans and Safavids. It appears from the receptions of the Ottoman and Safavid diplomats in Venice that during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the ceremonial positions of the sultan's envoys were equal or mostly above that of the Qızılbaş representatives. As it is evident from the Safavid Asad bey's case in 1600, in its treatment of the Safavid envoys, the Venetian government pursued a cautious policy and tried not to antagonize the Ottomans. Furthermore, the Ottoman factor had an enduring impact both on nature and on the dynamics of the Safavid-Venetian relations.
Fortress as a tool for the implementation of Ottoman military power was necessary for the upkeep ... more Fortress as a tool for the implementation of Ottoman military power was necessary for the upkeep and security of the Ottoman rule in Azerbaijan. Following its capture in 1588, Ganja was among the main towns of Azerbaijan fortified by the Ottomans. The primary aim of the fortification of Ganja was to maintain Ottoman rule in former Safavid beylerbeyi of Qarabagh, in the territories of which Ottomans established the vilâyet-i Gence Karabağ with seven sanjaks (districts). After fortifications, Ganja became one of the major garrison towns on the eastern frontier of the Ottomans. Apart from its military functions, the fortress served as the administrative seat of Ganja-Qarabagh province until it fell into the hands of the Safavids after the siege of 1606. In 1615, Ganja fortress, one of the examples of the late sixteenth century Ottoman military architecture in Azerbaijan, was subjected to destruction by the order of Shah Abbas I. Drawing mainly on primary sources, this article aims to explore the history of Ottoman fortifications of Ganja and examine some little-studied aspects of Ottoman provincial administration of Ganja-Qarabagh province in the late sixteenth century.
Despite a "cultural turn" in the history of diplomacy and a growing interest in symbolic communic... more Despite a "cultural turn" in the history of diplomacy and a growing interest in symbolic communication in diplomatic practices in the last decades, there remains little scholarship on importance of ritual and ceremony in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations. It should be noted that, gift exchanges was an integral part of political culture of the states both in domestic and international levels. The nature of the gift expresses the idealized values and political identities of the exchanging societies as well as the relative status or international position of states. The present paper aimed to identify the role and importance of the gift exchanges in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations in 50s-60s of the 16th century. During that period gift exchanges between the Safavid and Ottoman states were conducted for various purposes, including to contribute to peace building, to decrease the tensions between these two powers and to congratulate the new ruler on his enthronement and etc. Sending and receiving some gifts in numbers of 9 makes it clear that, both the Safavids and Ottomans preserved that ancient Turkic tradition.
"Geostrategiya" no.5 (35) September-October, pp. 48-52., 2016
The present article aims to examine the level of study of Safavid-Mughal political relations duri... more The present article aims to examine the level of study of Safavid-Mughal political relations during the first half of the 17th century in Anglophone historiography. Anglophone scholars representing USA, Great Britain, India, Pakistan and other countries made significant contribution of the study of Safavid state and its relation with Great Mughal Empire, especially the question of Qandahar which was the main bone of contention between these two powers, the main motives for struggle over that province, the exchanges of diplomatic missions and the role of Muslim sultanates of Deccan and Ottoman Empire in Safavid-Mughal relations
The present article aims to examine the funeral practices in Azerbaijan in the 16th and 17th cent... more The present article aims to examine the funeral practices in Azerbaijan in the 16th and 17th centuries based on travelogues by Europeans authors and Oruj Bey Bayat. It should be noted that, Western travelers and Oruj Bey gave interesting and valuable information not only on political and economic life in Safavid Azerbaijan, bur also on religious beliefs and traditions, including the customs and rituals for dealing with mourning and burial.
В этой статье рассмотрено современное состояние исследований по источниковедению истории государс... more В этой статье рассмотрено современное состояние исследований по источниковедению истории государства Сефевидов в Азербайджане. Азербайджанские историки внесли свой вклад в переводе и изучение малоизвестных источников по истории государства Сефевидов. Публикация и введение в оборот ранее малоизвестных способствовало рост интереса к истории Сефевидов и появление нового поколения Сефевидских ученых в Азербайджане.
Summary Azerbaijani historians have contributed to the critical editions and translations, as well. This article examines the present state of research in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan. It aims to give an overview of the recent tendencies in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan.
The community of Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States, which is the subject of our propose... more The community of Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States, which is the subject of our proposed study, is a pretty recent phenomenon. Most Azerbaijani-Americans have immigrated to the United States mainly from Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia or Turkey. Azerbaijani immigration and integration in the United States have not been documented and studied thoroughly. There is no population survey that provides information of any kind on the attitudes and opinions of Azerbaijani Americans. Based on the survey conducted among sample of 103 Azerbaijani immigrants, this paper aims to provide the profile of the Azerbaijani community, socio-cultural characteristics, assess the immigrant’s identification with their native culture, ethnic attachment, as well as, their emotional ties to the homeland and level of integration in the United States.
The collection contains information about 240 archival documents on the history of the Safavid st... more The collection contains information about 240 archival documents on the history of the Safavid state stored in the State Archives of Venice and the Marciana National Library (Venice). The excerpts from several archival documents that are important for the study of Safavid history have been transcribed and translated from Italian into Azerbaijani Turkish and included in the current edition. This book was published within the framework of the project "Compilation and publication of the catalog of documents stored in the archives and libraries of Venice related to the history of the Azerbaijan Safavid State" implemented with the financial support of the Agency for State Support to Non-Governmental Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The book is dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the death of Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid state.
Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this bo... more Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this book, focuses mainly on some aspects of Safavid diplomacy, including the language of the Safavid polity, the role of European subjects as interpreters for the shahs, material and vizual characteristics of Safavid diplomatic letters to Venice, the attitude of the Safavids towards resident diplomacy, the reception of the European envoys in the Safavid court and Europeans’ perception of Safavid diplomatic practices, as well as the characteristics of the Safavid embassies to Venice.
The emergence of the Safavid Empire in the early sixteenth century marked a significant change in... more The emergence of the Safavid Empire in the early sixteenth century marked a significant change in the geopolitics of the Middle East. This momentous change coincided with the widening of Ottoman expansion eastward and the exploration by European powers, especially by Venice, of the possibilities of forming alliances against the Ottomans with the involvement of the Safavids. Thus, Ottoman threat and commercial interests contributed to the emergence and development of diplomatic, cultural, and trade relations between the Republic of Venice and the Safavid Empire, which lasted until the end of the seventeenth century. Drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives and other contemporary sources, this book focuses mainly on some aspects of Safavid diplomacy, including the language of the Safavid polity, the role of European subjects as interpreters for the shahs, material and visual characteristics of Safavid diplomatic letters to Venice, the attitude of the Safavids towards resident diplomacy, the reception of the European envoys in the Safavid court and Europeans’ perception of Safavid diplomatic practices, as well as the characteristics of the Safavid embassies to Venice. We have tried to explain the role of Turkish as a language of diplomacy and communication in Safavid-Venetian encounters. We have also attempted to explore briefly how the Venetians distinguished Safavid subjects according to their ethno-linguistic affiliations. Finally, we examine the Ottoman factor in Safavid-Venetian relations in order to establish to what extent, if any, the Ottomans had an impact on the overall character of Safavid-Venetian relations.
The socio-political situation of Azerbaijani Safavid state in the middle of the XVI century (Acco... more The socio-political situation of Azerbaijani Safavid state in the middle of the XVI century (According to the “Relazione di Persia” by Venetian envoy Michele Membre). ISBN 9789952347012, Library of Congress control no. 2012498734.
Annali di Ca’ Foscari.Serie orientale is the journal of the Department of Asian and North African... more Annali di Ca’ Foscari.Serie orientale is the journal of the Department of Asian and North African Studies of Ca' Foscari University of Venice. Started in 1970, the journal became an Open Access resource in 2014. Its mission is to foster original and interdisciplinary research in the fields of Asian and North African Studies. Each annual issue features articles and reviews written by leading scholars whose contributions span across a vast array of topics. These can be gathered under four main headings:
Linguistics, philology, and literature. Religions and philosophies. Archaeology and cultural heritage, visual and performing arts. History, economy, politics, and international relations.
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2024
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Safavid and Mughal empires forged a remar... more Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Safavid and Mughal empires forged a remarkable history of dynastic interaction through the frequent exchange of correspondence and gifts. The 'regifting' of luxury objects and exotic goods across physical and cultural boundaries was a common practice in the early modern period. Safavid and Mughal rulers mainly regifted precious items of a rare nature to impress their counterparts. The paper examines the intermediary role of the Safavids in the circulation of objects between India, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. The paper was written within a research project titled ‘Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy’ funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation (AZ46/F/22).
Diplomatica: A Journal of Diplomacy and Society, 2023
The exchange of gifts was an important aspect of the relations between the Safavid Empire and the... more The exchange of gifts was an important aspect of the relations between the Safavid Empire and the Republic of Venice. Drawing on Venetian archival documents, the article aims to explore the nature and significance of Safavid diplomatic gift-giving to Venice in the first third of the seventeenth century. In particular, it examines the place and importance of precious objects in gift exchanges, looking at specific types of gifts given such as carpets, textiles, and weaponry. The article sheds light on the role religion played in the determination of a Shah’s choice of a gift to the Doge. Furthermore, this article examines how the diplomatic gifts from the Safavid rulers were viewed and conceived in Venice. Using a comparative perspective, the article explores the differences between the Safavid gift-giving strategies towards Venice and Ottomans. It reveals that the Safavids and Venetians had a common understanding of what was worthy of giving.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2022
While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received scholarly attentio... more While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt has been made to study the baili's intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues in a systematic way. Through the close scrutiny of baili dispatches and other relevant materials of the Venetian State archives, this paper examines the role of the Venetian diplomats in Istanbul in information-gathering on the Safavids. It demonstrates that the baili used various techniques, particularly gifting, bribery, and information exchange with the Ottoman officials in order to collect and transmit to Venice a wide range of information on Ottomans' arch-rivals, the Safavids.
Taking a comparative perspective and drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives, t... more Taking a comparative perspective and drawing on the documents from the Venetian State Archives, the paper attempts to examine a ceremonial treatment of the Ottoman and Safavid diplomats in Venice. Both the Ottoman and Safavid envoys usually were graciously received in Venice. However, the degree of Venetian hospitality was subject to changes and varied in accordance to the importance of the incoming mission and overall nature of its relations with the Ottomans and Safavids. It appears from the receptions of the Ottoman and Safavid diplomats in Venice that during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the ceremonial positions of the sultan's envoys were equal or mostly above that of the Qızılbaş representatives. As it is evident from the Safavid Asad bey's case in 1600, in its treatment of the Safavid envoys, the Venetian government pursued a cautious policy and tried not to antagonize the Ottomans. Furthermore, the Ottoman factor had an enduring impact both on nature and on the dynamics of the Safavid-Venetian relations.
Fortress as a tool for the implementation of Ottoman military power was necessary for the upkeep ... more Fortress as a tool for the implementation of Ottoman military power was necessary for the upkeep and security of the Ottoman rule in Azerbaijan. Following its capture in 1588, Ganja was among the main towns of Azerbaijan fortified by the Ottomans. The primary aim of the fortification of Ganja was to maintain Ottoman rule in former Safavid beylerbeyi of Qarabagh, in the territories of which Ottomans established the vilâyet-i Gence Karabağ with seven sanjaks (districts). After fortifications, Ganja became one of the major garrison towns on the eastern frontier of the Ottomans. Apart from its military functions, the fortress served as the administrative seat of Ganja-Qarabagh province until it fell into the hands of the Safavids after the siege of 1606. In 1615, Ganja fortress, one of the examples of the late sixteenth century Ottoman military architecture in Azerbaijan, was subjected to destruction by the order of Shah Abbas I. Drawing mainly on primary sources, this article aims to explore the history of Ottoman fortifications of Ganja and examine some little-studied aspects of Ottoman provincial administration of Ganja-Qarabagh province in the late sixteenth century.
Despite a "cultural turn" in the history of diplomacy and a growing interest in symbolic communic... more Despite a "cultural turn" in the history of diplomacy and a growing interest in symbolic communication in diplomatic practices in the last decades, there remains little scholarship on importance of ritual and ceremony in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations. It should be noted that, gift exchanges was an integral part of political culture of the states both in domestic and international levels. The nature of the gift expresses the idealized values and political identities of the exchanging societies as well as the relative status or international position of states. The present paper aimed to identify the role and importance of the gift exchanges in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations in 50s-60s of the 16th century. During that period gift exchanges between the Safavid and Ottoman states were conducted for various purposes, including to contribute to peace building, to decrease the tensions between these two powers and to congratulate the new ruler on his enthronement and etc. Sending and receiving some gifts in numbers of 9 makes it clear that, both the Safavids and Ottomans preserved that ancient Turkic tradition.
"Geostrategiya" no.5 (35) September-October, pp. 48-52., 2016
The present article aims to examine the level of study of Safavid-Mughal political relations duri... more The present article aims to examine the level of study of Safavid-Mughal political relations during the first half of the 17th century in Anglophone historiography. Anglophone scholars representing USA, Great Britain, India, Pakistan and other countries made significant contribution of the study of Safavid state and its relation with Great Mughal Empire, especially the question of Qandahar which was the main bone of contention between these two powers, the main motives for struggle over that province, the exchanges of diplomatic missions and the role of Muslim sultanates of Deccan and Ottoman Empire in Safavid-Mughal relations
The present article aims to examine the funeral practices in Azerbaijan in the 16th and 17th cent... more The present article aims to examine the funeral practices in Azerbaijan in the 16th and 17th centuries based on travelogues by Europeans authors and Oruj Bey Bayat. It should be noted that, Western travelers and Oruj Bey gave interesting and valuable information not only on political and economic life in Safavid Azerbaijan, bur also on religious beliefs and traditions, including the customs and rituals for dealing with mourning and burial.
В этой статье рассмотрено современное состояние исследований по источниковедению истории государс... more В этой статье рассмотрено современное состояние исследований по источниковедению истории государства Сефевидов в Азербайджане. Азербайджанские историки внесли свой вклад в переводе и изучение малоизвестных источников по истории государства Сефевидов. Публикация и введение в оборот ранее малоизвестных способствовало рост интереса к истории Сефевидов и появление нового поколения Сефевидских ученых в Азербайджане.
Summary Azerbaijani historians have contributed to the critical editions and translations, as well. This article examines the present state of research in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan. It aims to give an overview of the recent tendencies in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan.
The community of Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States, which is the subject of our propose... more The community of Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States, which is the subject of our proposed study, is a pretty recent phenomenon. Most Azerbaijani-Americans have immigrated to the United States mainly from Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia or Turkey. Azerbaijani immigration and integration in the United States have not been documented and studied thoroughly. There is no population survey that provides information of any kind on the attitudes and opinions of Azerbaijani Americans. Based on the survey conducted among sample of 103 Azerbaijani immigrants, this paper aims to provide the profile of the Azerbaijani community, socio-cultural characteristics, assess the immigrant’s identification with their native culture, ethnic attachment, as well as, their emotional ties to the homeland and level of integration in the United States.
Bu məqalənin orijinalı “L’ Evolution de la garde royale des Safavides” adı ilə fransız dilində, 1... more Bu məqalənin orijinalı “L’ Evolution de la garde royale des Safavides” adı ilə fransız dilində, 1984 –cü ildə “ Moyen Orient et Océan Indién” jurnalında dərc olunmuşdur. Los Ancelesdəki Kaliforniya Universitetinin əməkdaşı Rudi Mətyu bu məqaləni ingilis dilinə tərcümə edərək, onu “İranian Studies” jurnalında nəşr etdirmişdir. Bu tərcümə əsərinə görə R.Mətyu 1990-cı il üçün “İranian Studies” jurnalı tərəfindən təqdim olunan “Malkolm Kerr” mükafatına layiq görülmüşdür.
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, these two powerful Islamic dynasties forged a... more Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, these two powerful Islamic dynasties forged a remarkable history of dynastic interaction. Despite occasional outbursts of hostility, Mughal-Safavid relations were mostly marked by concord and appreciation of each other’s vital interests. Over the past two decades, the diplomatic history discipline has undergone a significant transformation. Gifts, integral to early modern diplomacy, were commonly exchanged between the Safavids and the Mughals. The exchange of gifts, an important aspect of the Safavid and Mughal political systems, is a key to understanding the nature and scope of diplomatic interactions between these two powers. Despite some advancement in recent decades, no attempts have been made to study in a systematic way the cultural and political meanings of gifts, and the connections between gifts and identities in diplomatic gift exchanges of the Safavids with the Mughals. This paper aims to explore material dimension of the Safavid-Mughal diplomatic encounters. We will particularly explore the varied meanings attached to diplomatic gifts in the Safavid and Mughal court cultures. What kinds of political and cultural meanings did the Safavids apply to these gifts, and how were they received and interpreted by the Mughal court? Attention will also be paid to the ways in which they were perceived by the Mughals in comparison with objects brought from Europe or Ottoman court. We will also focus on the elements of diplomatic ceremonies related with presentation of the diplomatic gifts and the cultural role of ambassadors in Safavid - Mughal diplomatic communication. Symbolic significance of numbers in diplomatic gift exchanges between these two powers will also be examined. To what extent and in what ways did the numbers carry importance in the Safavid-Mughal material encounters? This paper emanates from a research project entitled “Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy” funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation.
Исследование источников по истории Сефевидов остается перспективной задачей для исследователей-ме... more Исследование источников по истории Сефевидов остается перспективной задачей для исследователей-медиевистов, поскольку некоторые исторические источники до сих пор не исследованы в полном объеме. Труд Хайати Тебризи является одним из важнейших источников по истории первых Сефевидов.
Uploads
Books by Ahmad Guliyev
This book was published within the framework of the project "Compilation and publication of the catalog of documents stored in the archives and libraries of Venice related to the history of the Azerbaijan Safavid State" implemented with the financial support of the Agency for State Support to Non-Governmental Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The book is dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the death of Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid state.
Papers by Ahmad Guliyev
Linguistics, philology, and literature.
Religions and philosophies.
Archaeology and cultural heritage, visual and performing arts.
History, economy, politics, and international relations.
The paper was written within a research project titled ‘Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy’ funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation (AZ46/F/22).
given such as carpets, textiles, and weaponry. The article sheds light on the role religion played in the determination of a Shah’s choice of a gift to the Doge. Furthermore, this article examines how the diplomatic gifts from the Safavid rulers were viewed and conceived in Venice. Using a comparative perspective, the article explores the differences between the Safavid gift-giving strategies towards Venice and Ottomans.
It reveals that the Safavids and Venetians had a common understanding of what was worthy of giving.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
The present paper aimed to identify the role and importance of the gift exchanges in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations in 50s-60s of the 16th century. During that period gift exchanges between the Safavid and Ottoman states were conducted for various purposes, including to contribute to peace building, to decrease the tensions between these two powers and to congratulate the new ruler on his enthronement and etc. Sending and receiving some gifts in numbers of 9 makes it clear that, both the Safavids and Ottomans preserved that ancient Turkic tradition.
Summary
Azerbaijani historians have contributed to the critical editions and translations, as well. This article examines the present state of research in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan. It aims to give an overview of the recent tendencies in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan.
There is no population survey that provides information of any kind on the attitudes and opinions of Azerbaijani Americans. Based on the survey conducted among sample of 103 Azerbaijani immigrants, this paper aims to provide the profile of the Azerbaijani community, socio-cultural characteristics, assess the immigrant’s identification with their native culture, ethnic attachment, as well as, their emotional ties to the homeland and level of integration in the United States.
This book was published within the framework of the project "Compilation and publication of the catalog of documents stored in the archives and libraries of Venice related to the history of the Azerbaijan Safavid State" implemented with the financial support of the Agency for State Support to Non-Governmental Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The book is dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the death of Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid state.
Linguistics, philology, and literature.
Religions and philosophies.
Archaeology and cultural heritage, visual and performing arts.
History, economy, politics, and international relations.
The paper was written within a research project titled ‘Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy’ funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation (AZ46/F/22).
given such as carpets, textiles, and weaponry. The article sheds light on the role religion played in the determination of a Shah’s choice of a gift to the Doge. Furthermore, this article examines how the diplomatic gifts from the Safavid rulers were viewed and conceived in Venice. Using a comparative perspective, the article explores the differences between the Safavid gift-giving strategies towards Venice and Ottomans.
It reveals that the Safavids and Venetians had a common understanding of what was worthy of giving.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
The present paper aimed to identify the role and importance of the gift exchanges in Safavid-Ottoman diplomatic relations in 50s-60s of the 16th century. During that period gift exchanges between the Safavid and Ottoman states were conducted for various purposes, including to contribute to peace building, to decrease the tensions between these two powers and to congratulate the new ruler on his enthronement and etc. Sending and receiving some gifts in numbers of 9 makes it clear that, both the Safavids and Ottomans preserved that ancient Turkic tradition.
Summary
Azerbaijani historians have contributed to the critical editions and translations, as well. This article examines the present state of research in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan. It aims to give an overview of the recent tendencies in studies on Safavid sources in Azerbaijan.
There is no population survey that provides information of any kind on the attitudes and opinions of Azerbaijani Americans. Based on the survey conducted among sample of 103 Azerbaijani immigrants, this paper aims to provide the profile of the Azerbaijani community, socio-cultural characteristics, assess the immigrant’s identification with their native culture, ethnic attachment, as well as, their emotional ties to the homeland and level of integration in the United States.
Over the past two decades, the diplomatic history discipline has undergone a significant transformation.
Gifts, integral to early modern diplomacy, were commonly exchanged between the Safavids and the Mughals. The exchange of gifts, an important aspect of the Safavid and Mughal political systems, is a key to understanding the nature and scope of diplomatic interactions between these two powers.
Despite some advancement in recent decades, no attempts have been made to study in a systematic way the cultural and political meanings of gifts, and the connections between gifts and identities in diplomatic gift exchanges of the Safavids with the Mughals.
This paper aims to explore material dimension of the Safavid-Mughal diplomatic encounters. We will particularly explore the varied meanings attached to diplomatic gifts in the Safavid and Mughal court cultures. What kinds of political and cultural meanings did the Safavids apply to these gifts, and how were they received and interpreted by the Mughal court? Attention will also be paid to the ways in which they were perceived by the Mughals in comparison with objects brought from Europe or Ottoman court. We will also focus on the elements of diplomatic ceremonies related with presentation of the diplomatic gifts and the cultural role of ambassadors in Safavid - Mughal diplomatic communication. Symbolic significance of numbers in diplomatic gift exchanges between these two powers will also be examined. To what extent and in what ways did the numbers carry importance in the Safavid-Mughal material encounters? This paper emanates from a research project entitled “Gifts without borders: Material and symbolic dimensions of Safavid-Mughal diplomacy” funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation.