2004 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37574), 2004
Abstract This work presents a framework that elucidates the technological, social and political f... more Abstract This work presents a framework that elucidates the technological, social and political factors associated with the adoption of a technological innovation. Our attempt to study in detail the various determinants of sensemaking of technology has identified three important factors (1) user competency (2) expectancies (3) attitude towards learning, that affect the technological frames of the users. The influence of these factors in the sensemaking process has been tested using an empirical study of 505 students from 10 ...
2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2006
Abstract Our paper tests the influence of two types of capabilities of firms (1) capability to ge... more Abstract Our paper tests the influence of two types of capabilities of firms (1) capability to generate scientific knowledge (2) capability to apply scientific knowledge to technology development, on their innovation performance. Capability to generate scientific knowledge is measured based on the extent to which the firm has generated scientific publications. Capability to apply scientific knowledge to technology development is measured based on the extent to which the firm refers to scientific publications in its patents. Our results show ...
This paper investigates the cumulative patterns of networking alliances and their correlations wi... more This paper investigates the cumulative patterns of networking alliances and their correlations with new product development at the firm level. I argue that entrepreneurial firms discover information about market opportunities through forming alliances with other market participants. Given the process of alliance formation is dynamic, the relational patterns of past alliances among firms determine the asymmetric access of information in the market, subsequently affecting a firm's development of new products. A panel data ...
The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of how technological performance of the ... more The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of how technological performance of the firm is embedded in a social network of interorganizational relationships. The set of past and present interorganizational relationships is aggregated into the social capital of the firm. Social capital, through diversity of partnerships as measured by closeness centrality, and through number of partners with repeated transactions, arguably facilitates the firm's access to external information and other resources. This study therefore ...
Application of Information systems has significantly contributed to the growth of various sectors... more Application of Information systems has significantly contributed to the growth of various sectors both in developed as well as developing countries. This significant contribution can be attributed to the careful adoption of IT innovation. There exist varied views of the very same technology by different users based on the individual's sense-making, resulting in diversified notions regarding the adoption of technological innovation. This paper presents framework and propositions highlighting how the interpretive ...
Integrating institutional and social network perspectives, this study examines the dual forces of... more Integrating institutional and social network perspectives, this study examines the dual forces of institutional influences and network influences on the new market entry decisions of venture capital firms. In a sample of 2,130 venture capital firms and their investments over 1994-2003 in 88 geographic markets, we found support for both influences as the frequencies of entries by both other venture capital firms and co-investors in a geographic market enhance the propensity of focal firm's entry into the same market. ...
We assess the roles of internal human capital and strategic alliances as antecedents of innovatio... more We assess the roles of internal human capital and strategic alliances as antecedents of innovation at the firm and the network levels, respectively, and investigate the effects of their interdependence on firms' innovation performance. At the firm level, we identify three types of human capital that contribute directly to innovative capability:(1) pure scientists (2) bridging scientists, and (3) pure inventors. At the network level, we explore the performance effects of the firm's strategic alliances with universities as well as with other ...
This paper examines the role of the Singapore Government in Singapore's computerization effo... more This paper examines the role of the Singapore Government in Singapore's computerization efforts. In restructuring Singapore's economy and sharpening its competitive edge, information technology (IT) is singled out as one of the economic boosting engines whose dynamic, innovative role will change the economic and social fabric of society leading to a better quality of life for Singaporeans. The government and its agencies have deliberately intervened in the IT diffusion process through proactive IT policies, effective ...
Technology Management for Emerging Technologies (PICMET), Proceedings of PICMET ’12, IEEE Explore, 2012
This research explores two entrepreneurial decision-making processes utilizing effectuation and c... more This research explores two entrepreneurial decision-making processes utilizing effectuation and causation modes in the context of new venture creation in the biotechnology industry. Using a case study approach, we investigate the evolution of three biotech ventures from the start of the venture, featuring major decisions over a period of 10 to 20 years. Assessment of qualitative interviews with founders and CEOs demonstrates that, initially, each company began in effectuation mode and, over time, transitioned to a spectrum between effectuation and causation. The two ventures which retained effectuation logic did not engage in clinical trials. Decision making processes in this study illustrate the interplay between entrepreneurs' ability to manage technological and market uncertainty and circumstantial changes arising from change leadership, venture capital funding and development of lead candidates in the clinical stage of product development.
This qualitative study investigates effectuation and causation as two opposing decision-making mo... more This qualitative study investigates effectuation and causation as two opposing decision-making modes leading to opportunity creation and recognition. Prior literature posits that effectuation is linked to opportunity creation when the venture's future is highly uncertain and causation to opportunity recognition when the entrepreneur perceives risk rather than uncertainty. However, such a linear approach towards opportunity generation offers limited explanation as to how entrepreneurs decide to either create or search for entrepreneurial opportunities. This limitation becomes particularly apparent in the highly uncertain context of the biotechnology industry, where entrepreneurial decision-making
processes iterate over long periods of time. To address this gap, we employ the embedded case study method to investigate 30 decisions made by three scientist-entrepreneurs commercializing platform biotechnology inventions.
We inductively derive a model of entrepreneurial decision-making, which connects the environment to decision-making mode and opportunity generation. Our evidence reveals the iterative nature of opportunity generation and of decision-making modes as entrepreneurs respond to their evolving environment and to the level of regulatory and funding constraint, such that entrepreneurs can shift from effectuation to causation, remain in one particular mode, or adopt a combination mode. We also illustrate that effectuation does not always lead to opportunity creation.
"Firms' access to academic discoveries through R&D collaborations has been shown to enhance their... more "Firms' access to academic discoveries through R&D collaborations has been shown to enhance their patent performance. However, increasing both internal and external R&D activities can lead to high knowledge redundancy and coordination costs. This paper examines what kind of R&D
focus inside the firm will improve or reduce the benefits of R&D collaborations with universities. Our results show that technological recombination focus strengthens the relationship between university collaborations and patent performance, whereas scientific research focus weakens the relationship. These results also differ between young and old firms, implying that firms may shift their R&D focus according to their collaborative objectives."
A firm’s ability to produce high-impact innovations depends upon the nature of its R&D alliances ... more A firm’s ability to produce high-impact innovations depends upon the nature of its R&D alliances as well as its composition of scientific human capital. The firm’s scientific human capital is made up of its scientists, who produce valuable research outputs and who engage with the broader scientific community, thus helping the firm to integrate new knowledge from universities and other firms. In this paper, we examine heterogeneity within the firm’s scientific human capital, emphasizing the distinct role of ‘bridging scientists’ who engage in two related but dissimilar scientific activities: patenting and publishing. Using a panel dataset of 222 firms in biotechnology between 1990 and 2000, we show that bridging scientists have a positive and significant impact on patent performance relative to other scientists within the firm. Looking closer at bridging scientists, we draw a distinction between Pasteur bridging scientists and Edison bridging scientists, with the latter having less of an orientation towards fundamental research. We show that both types of bridging scientists complement the focal firm’s R&D alliances with other firms. However, Pasteur bridging scientists are substitutive with university R&D alliances while Edison bridging scientists are complementary. Our findings suggest that the composition of a firm’s scientific human capital and its R&D alliances interact in subtle ways to impact patent performance.
2004 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37574), 2004
Abstract This work presents a framework that elucidates the technological, social and political f... more Abstract This work presents a framework that elucidates the technological, social and political factors associated with the adoption of a technological innovation. Our attempt to study in detail the various determinants of sensemaking of technology has identified three important factors (1) user competency (2) expectancies (3) attitude towards learning, that affect the technological frames of the users. The influence of these factors in the sensemaking process has been tested using an empirical study of 505 students from 10 ...
2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2006
Abstract Our paper tests the influence of two types of capabilities of firms (1) capability to ge... more Abstract Our paper tests the influence of two types of capabilities of firms (1) capability to generate scientific knowledge (2) capability to apply scientific knowledge to technology development, on their innovation performance. Capability to generate scientific knowledge is measured based on the extent to which the firm has generated scientific publications. Capability to apply scientific knowledge to technology development is measured based on the extent to which the firm refers to scientific publications in its patents. Our results show ...
This paper investigates the cumulative patterns of networking alliances and their correlations wi... more This paper investigates the cumulative patterns of networking alliances and their correlations with new product development at the firm level. I argue that entrepreneurial firms discover information about market opportunities through forming alliances with other market participants. Given the process of alliance formation is dynamic, the relational patterns of past alliances among firms determine the asymmetric access of information in the market, subsequently affecting a firm's development of new products. A panel data ...
The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of how technological performance of the ... more The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of how technological performance of the firm is embedded in a social network of interorganizational relationships. The set of past and present interorganizational relationships is aggregated into the social capital of the firm. Social capital, through diversity of partnerships as measured by closeness centrality, and through number of partners with repeated transactions, arguably facilitates the firm's access to external information and other resources. This study therefore ...
Application of Information systems has significantly contributed to the growth of various sectors... more Application of Information systems has significantly contributed to the growth of various sectors both in developed as well as developing countries. This significant contribution can be attributed to the careful adoption of IT innovation. There exist varied views of the very same technology by different users based on the individual's sense-making, resulting in diversified notions regarding the adoption of technological innovation. This paper presents framework and propositions highlighting how the interpretive ...
Integrating institutional and social network perspectives, this study examines the dual forces of... more Integrating institutional and social network perspectives, this study examines the dual forces of institutional influences and network influences on the new market entry decisions of venture capital firms. In a sample of 2,130 venture capital firms and their investments over 1994-2003 in 88 geographic markets, we found support for both influences as the frequencies of entries by both other venture capital firms and co-investors in a geographic market enhance the propensity of focal firm's entry into the same market. ...
We assess the roles of internal human capital and strategic alliances as antecedents of innovatio... more We assess the roles of internal human capital and strategic alliances as antecedents of innovation at the firm and the network levels, respectively, and investigate the effects of their interdependence on firms' innovation performance. At the firm level, we identify three types of human capital that contribute directly to innovative capability:(1) pure scientists (2) bridging scientists, and (3) pure inventors. At the network level, we explore the performance effects of the firm's strategic alliances with universities as well as with other ...
This paper examines the role of the Singapore Government in Singapore's computerization effo... more This paper examines the role of the Singapore Government in Singapore's computerization efforts. In restructuring Singapore's economy and sharpening its competitive edge, information technology (IT) is singled out as one of the economic boosting engines whose dynamic, innovative role will change the economic and social fabric of society leading to a better quality of life for Singaporeans. The government and its agencies have deliberately intervened in the IT diffusion process through proactive IT policies, effective ...
Technology Management for Emerging Technologies (PICMET), Proceedings of PICMET ’12, IEEE Explore, 2012
This research explores two entrepreneurial decision-making processes utilizing effectuation and c... more This research explores two entrepreneurial decision-making processes utilizing effectuation and causation modes in the context of new venture creation in the biotechnology industry. Using a case study approach, we investigate the evolution of three biotech ventures from the start of the venture, featuring major decisions over a period of 10 to 20 years. Assessment of qualitative interviews with founders and CEOs demonstrates that, initially, each company began in effectuation mode and, over time, transitioned to a spectrum between effectuation and causation. The two ventures which retained effectuation logic did not engage in clinical trials. Decision making processes in this study illustrate the interplay between entrepreneurs' ability to manage technological and market uncertainty and circumstantial changes arising from change leadership, venture capital funding and development of lead candidates in the clinical stage of product development.
This qualitative study investigates effectuation and causation as two opposing decision-making mo... more This qualitative study investigates effectuation and causation as two opposing decision-making modes leading to opportunity creation and recognition. Prior literature posits that effectuation is linked to opportunity creation when the venture's future is highly uncertain and causation to opportunity recognition when the entrepreneur perceives risk rather than uncertainty. However, such a linear approach towards opportunity generation offers limited explanation as to how entrepreneurs decide to either create or search for entrepreneurial opportunities. This limitation becomes particularly apparent in the highly uncertain context of the biotechnology industry, where entrepreneurial decision-making
processes iterate over long periods of time. To address this gap, we employ the embedded case study method to investigate 30 decisions made by three scientist-entrepreneurs commercializing platform biotechnology inventions.
We inductively derive a model of entrepreneurial decision-making, which connects the environment to decision-making mode and opportunity generation. Our evidence reveals the iterative nature of opportunity generation and of decision-making modes as entrepreneurs respond to their evolving environment and to the level of regulatory and funding constraint, such that entrepreneurs can shift from effectuation to causation, remain in one particular mode, or adopt a combination mode. We also illustrate that effectuation does not always lead to opportunity creation.
"Firms' access to academic discoveries through R&D collaborations has been shown to enhance their... more "Firms' access to academic discoveries through R&D collaborations has been shown to enhance their patent performance. However, increasing both internal and external R&D activities can lead to high knowledge redundancy and coordination costs. This paper examines what kind of R&D
focus inside the firm will improve or reduce the benefits of R&D collaborations with universities. Our results show that technological recombination focus strengthens the relationship between university collaborations and patent performance, whereas scientific research focus weakens the relationship. These results also differ between young and old firms, implying that firms may shift their R&D focus according to their collaborative objectives."
A firm’s ability to produce high-impact innovations depends upon the nature of its R&D alliances ... more A firm’s ability to produce high-impact innovations depends upon the nature of its R&D alliances as well as its composition of scientific human capital. The firm’s scientific human capital is made up of its scientists, who produce valuable research outputs and who engage with the broader scientific community, thus helping the firm to integrate new knowledge from universities and other firms. In this paper, we examine heterogeneity within the firm’s scientific human capital, emphasizing the distinct role of ‘bridging scientists’ who engage in two related but dissimilar scientific activities: patenting and publishing. Using a panel dataset of 222 firms in biotechnology between 1990 and 2000, we show that bridging scientists have a positive and significant impact on patent performance relative to other scientists within the firm. Looking closer at bridging scientists, we draw a distinction between Pasteur bridging scientists and Edison bridging scientists, with the latter having less of an orientation towards fundamental research. We show that both types of bridging scientists complement the focal firm’s R&D alliances with other firms. However, Pasteur bridging scientists are substitutive with university R&D alliances while Edison bridging scientists are complementary. Our findings suggest that the composition of a firm’s scientific human capital and its R&D alliances interact in subtle ways to impact patent performance.
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Papers by Pek-Hooi Soh
processes iterate over long periods of time. To address this gap, we employ the embedded case study method to investigate 30 decisions made by three scientist-entrepreneurs commercializing platform biotechnology inventions.
We inductively derive a model of entrepreneurial decision-making, which connects the environment to decision-making mode and opportunity generation. Our evidence reveals the iterative nature of opportunity generation and of decision-making modes as entrepreneurs respond to their evolving environment and to the level of regulatory and funding constraint, such that entrepreneurs can shift from effectuation to causation, remain in one particular mode, or adopt a combination mode. We also illustrate that effectuation does not always lead to opportunity creation.
focus inside the firm will improve or reduce the benefits of R&D collaborations with universities. Our results show that technological recombination focus strengthens the relationship between university collaborations and patent performance, whereas scientific research focus weakens the relationship. These results also differ between young and old firms, implying that firms may shift their R&D focus according to their collaborative objectives."
processes iterate over long periods of time. To address this gap, we employ the embedded case study method to investigate 30 decisions made by three scientist-entrepreneurs commercializing platform biotechnology inventions.
We inductively derive a model of entrepreneurial decision-making, which connects the environment to decision-making mode and opportunity generation. Our evidence reveals the iterative nature of opportunity generation and of decision-making modes as entrepreneurs respond to their evolving environment and to the level of regulatory and funding constraint, such that entrepreneurs can shift from effectuation to causation, remain in one particular mode, or adopt a combination mode. We also illustrate that effectuation does not always lead to opportunity creation.
focus inside the firm will improve or reduce the benefits of R&D collaborations with universities. Our results show that technological recombination focus strengthens the relationship between university collaborations and patent performance, whereas scientific research focus weakens the relationship. These results also differ between young and old firms, implying that firms may shift their R&D focus according to their collaborative objectives."