This study investigates the interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement an... more This study investigates the interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement and pricing strategies in shaping consumer purchase intentions in the fast fashion industry. Using a scenario-based experimental design with 267 participants, this research explores how different levels of CSR and two distinct price points influence purchasing behavior. Additionally, the moderating effects of individual differences, such as consumer wealth, motivations for sustainable behavior, and income, are examined. The findings indicate that higher levels of CSR engagement significantly enhance purchase intentions, particularly when combined with higher price points, perhaps due to consumer perceptions of CSR programs associated with more expensive brands as more authentic. However, price remains a critical factor for lower-income consumers, revealing an “ethical consumption gap” where affordability outweighs ethical concerns. Extrinsic motivations, such as social pressure, strongly influence wealthier consumers’ decisions, while intrinsic motivations show a more complex relationship with purchasing behavior. The findings provide practical insights for fast fashion brands, suggesting that aligning CSR with competitive pricing and authentic messaging is crucial for appealing to both price-sensitive and ethically conscious consumers.
Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2024
Charitable crowdfunding on digital platforms has become a viable way for NGOs to raise funds. Thi... more Charitable crowdfunding on digital platforms has become a viable way for NGOs to raise funds. This study aims to investigate determinants of charitable behavior (CB) on digital crowdfunding platforms (DCPs), including national culture dimensions, motivations, crowdfunding platform attitude, and donors' personal characteristics. Data were collected through a CAWI survey of 680 Amazon MTurk users from Europe, the Americas, and Southern Asia. Findings indicate that of the three national culture dimensions considered, CB on DCPs is positively associated with collectivism and negatively with uncertainty avoidance. The link between power distance and CB could be either positive, neutral or negative, due to the interactions with motivations for charity, uncertainty avoidance, and age. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations do not show significant direct effects on CB but appear to exert their influence through interactions with other motivations, national culture dimensions and respondents' attributes. People with higher incomes tend to donate more the better is their attitude toward the DCP. CB is stronger among donors more involved in voluntary activities and those living in the Americas as compared to Europe and Asia. The study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the antecedents of CB on DCPs and suggests how NGOs could improve their fundraising effectiveness.
Objective:The study investigates the relationship between engagement in two large Engli... more Objective:The study investigates the relationship between engagement in two large English--language online communities on Facebook and Reddit dedicated to sharing green-living tips and promoting sustainable behaviour among their members.Research Design & Methods: The proposed conceptual framework assumes that the impact of social media engagement on sustainable behaviour change is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic motives for sustainable behaviour, as well as moderated by homophily (reflecting perceived similarity between an individual and other group members). The model also accounts for time as a social group member and personal characteristics of respondents, including gender, age, income and education. The statistical methods involved structural equation modelling with SmartPLS.Findings:The findings indicate that participation in online communities leads to favourable changes in attitudes and behavioural patterns. The strength of this association is positively moderated by homophily. Females and research participants who were younger and more affluent reported greater numbers of changes in their behaviour.
The second-hand clothing (SHC) market has seen dynamic expansion, driven by shifts in consumer at... more The second-hand clothing (SHC) market has seen dynamic expansion, driven by shifts in consumer attitudes. However, motivations underlying customer engagement in this market remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, this study investigates factors driving consumer sentiment towards buying used clothing. Data were collected in 2023 from a sample of 254 European consumers. The results show that positive attitudes towards SHC are associated with high levels of economic, hedonic (treasure hunting) and ethical motivations, while strong fashion interest and materialism seem to coincide with more negative evaluations of SHC. Interestingly, treasure hunting motivation emerged as the strongest driver of SHC attitudes, surpassing both economic and ethical motivations, which were similar in strength. However, mediation analysis revealed complex interaction patterns among the attitudinal variables, with the potential of reversing the direction of average regression weights for individuals as well as subgroups of customers. This study offers a more nuanced understanding of consumer behavior in the SHC market. It provides practical recommendations for the marketing strategies of SHC vendors, and lays the groundwork for future research in this area.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, 2019
The aim of the study is to investigate relationships between strategic orientation (SO), involvem... more The aim of the study is to investigate relationships between strategic orientation (SO), involvement in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and operational performance (OP). It tests the proposition that SO is not linked with OP directly but through CSR serving as the mediator. In addition, SO is hypothesized to moderate the association between CSR and OP. The research involves a representative cross-sectional survey of 400 managers of SMEs operating in the Polish food manufacturing industry. Statistical methods include confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS 24 and multiple linear regression using SPSS 24.The study reveals a complete mediation effect by CSR of the links from three aspects of SO to OP. Specifically, aggressiveness, proactiveness and defensiveness are positively associated with CSR, while analysis, future orientation and risk propensity show no relationship. Also, aggressiveness moderates the link from CSR to OP, so that firms with higher aggressiveness display a st...
International Journal of Management and Economics, 2014
The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financi... more The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, it looks at this relationship among Polish small and medium manufacturing companies that operate in food, beverage and cosmetics industries. The statistical analysis involves developing and testing structural model on the basis of data from a survey of 187 managers supplemented by validated financial metrics from an external database. The outcomes suggests the existence of a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the CSR involvement construct and sales profit margin (β=0.2). However, CSR seems to have no discernible direct effect on ROA. The study, as the first project of this kind in Poland, adds to the sparse body of literature on financial outcomes of CSR in small and medium enterprises from emerging economies. Another distinguishing feature of this research is its methodological approach which compares favorably to many previous...
The article presents the results of a survey conducted on a representative sample of Polish consu... more The article presents the results of a survey conducted on a representative sample of Polish consumers. The aim of the study was to perform the segmentation of Polish households pertaining to their perceptions and responses to Cause Related Marketing (CRM). A two-step cluster analysis and profiling procedure identified seven segments with distinctive attitudinal and behavioral patterns. In particular, attributes differentiating the extracted segments included: attitudes toward the CRM concept and companies implementing CRM programs, declared purchases of cause supporting brands, consumers’ charitable activity and their demographic characteristics such as: place of residence, income, education, family size and gender. The segments were labeled as follows: (1) informed supporters (18% of all respondents); (2) affluent activists (10%); (3) passive supporters (8%); (4) the undecided (25%); (5) thrifty enthusiasts (15%); (6) asocial opponents (6% ) and (7) urban skeptics (18%).
This research investigates the influence of brand and customer orientations on social media (SM) ... more This research investigates the influence of brand and customer orientations on social media (SM) marketing engagement and how applications of SM in international marketing affect brand and firm performance in foreign markets. The study relies on a survey of a representative sample of 245 medium and large companies using SM in international branding. Performance metrics include an index of brand performance (BP) in a foreign market and return on assets (ROA). Structural equation modeling analysis reveals the overall effect of SM use in international branding as positive, with brand-image creation and market research being significant contributors to brand and firm performance in a foreign market. SM effectiveness is negatively moderated by foreign partner involvement and centralization degree. Firms co-owned by foreign entities turn out to be more successful than their Polish-only counterparts. Of the two antecedents of SM international marketing engagement, customer orientation is s...
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2013
Przeprowadzone w 2012 roku ilościowe badanie zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec działań CRM prod... more Przeprowadzone w 2012 roku ilościowe badanie zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec działań CRM producentów dóbr konsumpcyjnych wskazały na pozytywny stosunek do tego rodzaju aktywności. Polacy wierzą, że działania społeczne firm są potrzebne oraz korzystne dla wszystkich stron. Jednak informacje o wspieraniu celu społecznego nie wystarczają, by konsumenci poczuli sympatię do firmy lub też uznali, że jest ona jest mniej szkodliwa dla otoczenia a jej produkty zasługują na zaufanie. Analiza decyzji zakupowych, podjętych pod wpływem CSR oraz opracowanie modelu regresji logistycznej pozwoliła ustalić, że czynnikami zwiększającymi szanse takich zakupów są: wolontariat, przekazanie 1% dochodu na cel dobroczynny, zaufanie do produktu, poszukiwanie informacji o wspieranych akcjach na opakowaniu produktów oraz zamieszkanie na obszarze wiejskim.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
Poziom akceptacji programów CRM wśród konsumentów w Polsce rośnie, lecz wciąż jest niższy niż w w... more Poziom akceptacji programów CRM wśród konsumentów w Polsce rośnie, lecz wciąż jest niższy niż w wielu krajach rozwiniętych. Ponadto Polacy w mniejszym stopniu niż obywatele innych państw są gotowi ponosić wyższe koszty produktów i usług wspierających cele społeczne. Przeprowadzone w 2012 r. ilościowe badania na polskich konsumentach wykazały, że świadomość konsumentów w obszarze programów CSR została zdominowana przez dwa programy: „Podziel się posiłkiem” firmy Danone oraz „Podaruj dzieciom słońce” firmy Procter & Gamble. Kształtując swoje programy, przedsiębiorstwa te z jednej strony wydają się skutecznie odczytywać preferencje konsumentów, z drugiej zaś dostrzegalnie wpływają na opinie oraz oczekiwania konsumentów dotyczące działań społecznych przedsiębiorstw. Można zatem mówić o dużej roli największych przedsiębiorstw z branży FMCG w kształtowaniu postaw społecznych Polaków oraz o ich odpowiedzialności co do dalszej ewolucji wrażliwości społecznej obywateli. Słowa kluczowe: marketing społecznie zaangażowany, CRM, CSR, działania społeczne przedsiębiorstw, postawy konsumentów.
Based on a representative sample of Polish nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) collaborating wit... more Based on a representative sample of Polish nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) collaborating with firms this study explores the nature of NGO-business relationships and perceived benefits for NGOs. The focus is on how relationship factors (alignment, trust, and commitment) influence three groups of benefits: organizational, social, and reputation related. Both trust and alignment appear to have similar total effects on all types of collaboration value. In contrast, commitment in collaboration is positively correlated only with organizational value, while social and reputational benefits show negative links. This suggests that stronger relationship commitment enhances the amount of resources acquired from the business collaborator, but at the same time it can lower the reputation of the NGO and decrease its capacity to achieve social goals. The article offers interpretations of the findings and recommendations for further research.
This study investigates the interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement an... more This study investigates the interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement and pricing strategies in shaping consumer purchase intentions in the fast fashion industry. Using a scenario-based experimental design with 267 participants, this research explores how different levels of CSR and two distinct price points influence purchasing behavior. Additionally, the moderating effects of individual differences, such as consumer wealth, motivations for sustainable behavior, and income, are examined. The findings indicate that higher levels of CSR engagement significantly enhance purchase intentions, particularly when combined with higher price points, perhaps due to consumer perceptions of CSR programs associated with more expensive brands as more authentic. However, price remains a critical factor for lower-income consumers, revealing an “ethical consumption gap” where affordability outweighs ethical concerns. Extrinsic motivations, such as social pressure, strongly influence wealthier consumers’ decisions, while intrinsic motivations show a more complex relationship with purchasing behavior. The findings provide practical insights for fast fashion brands, suggesting that aligning CSR with competitive pricing and authentic messaging is crucial for appealing to both price-sensitive and ethically conscious consumers.
Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2024
Charitable crowdfunding on digital platforms has become a viable way for NGOs to raise funds. Thi... more Charitable crowdfunding on digital platforms has become a viable way for NGOs to raise funds. This study aims to investigate determinants of charitable behavior (CB) on digital crowdfunding platforms (DCPs), including national culture dimensions, motivations, crowdfunding platform attitude, and donors' personal characteristics. Data were collected through a CAWI survey of 680 Amazon MTurk users from Europe, the Americas, and Southern Asia. Findings indicate that of the three national culture dimensions considered, CB on DCPs is positively associated with collectivism and negatively with uncertainty avoidance. The link between power distance and CB could be either positive, neutral or negative, due to the interactions with motivations for charity, uncertainty avoidance, and age. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations do not show significant direct effects on CB but appear to exert their influence through interactions with other motivations, national culture dimensions and respondents' attributes. People with higher incomes tend to donate more the better is their attitude toward the DCP. CB is stronger among donors more involved in voluntary activities and those living in the Americas as compared to Europe and Asia. The study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the antecedents of CB on DCPs and suggests how NGOs could improve their fundraising effectiveness.
Objective:The study investigates the relationship between engagement in two large Engli... more Objective:The study investigates the relationship between engagement in two large English--language online communities on Facebook and Reddit dedicated to sharing green-living tips and promoting sustainable behaviour among their members.Research Design & Methods: The proposed conceptual framework assumes that the impact of social media engagement on sustainable behaviour change is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic motives for sustainable behaviour, as well as moderated by homophily (reflecting perceived similarity between an individual and other group members). The model also accounts for time as a social group member and personal characteristics of respondents, including gender, age, income and education. The statistical methods involved structural equation modelling with SmartPLS.Findings:The findings indicate that participation in online communities leads to favourable changes in attitudes and behavioural patterns. The strength of this association is positively moderated by homophily. Females and research participants who were younger and more affluent reported greater numbers of changes in their behaviour.
The second-hand clothing (SHC) market has seen dynamic expansion, driven by shifts in consumer at... more The second-hand clothing (SHC) market has seen dynamic expansion, driven by shifts in consumer attitudes. However, motivations underlying customer engagement in this market remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, this study investigates factors driving consumer sentiment towards buying used clothing. Data were collected in 2023 from a sample of 254 European consumers. The results show that positive attitudes towards SHC are associated with high levels of economic, hedonic (treasure hunting) and ethical motivations, while strong fashion interest and materialism seem to coincide with more negative evaluations of SHC. Interestingly, treasure hunting motivation emerged as the strongest driver of SHC attitudes, surpassing both economic and ethical motivations, which were similar in strength. However, mediation analysis revealed complex interaction patterns among the attitudinal variables, with the potential of reversing the direction of average regression weights for individuals as well as subgroups of customers. This study offers a more nuanced understanding of consumer behavior in the SHC market. It provides practical recommendations for the marketing strategies of SHC vendors, and lays the groundwork for future research in this area.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, 2019
The aim of the study is to investigate relationships between strategic orientation (SO), involvem... more The aim of the study is to investigate relationships between strategic orientation (SO), involvement in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and operational performance (OP). It tests the proposition that SO is not linked with OP directly but through CSR serving as the mediator. In addition, SO is hypothesized to moderate the association between CSR and OP. The research involves a representative cross-sectional survey of 400 managers of SMEs operating in the Polish food manufacturing industry. Statistical methods include confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS 24 and multiple linear regression using SPSS 24.The study reveals a complete mediation effect by CSR of the links from three aspects of SO to OP. Specifically, aggressiveness, proactiveness and defensiveness are positively associated with CSR, while analysis, future orientation and risk propensity show no relationship. Also, aggressiveness moderates the link from CSR to OP, so that firms with higher aggressiveness display a st...
International Journal of Management and Economics, 2014
The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financi... more The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, it looks at this relationship among Polish small and medium manufacturing companies that operate in food, beverage and cosmetics industries. The statistical analysis involves developing and testing structural model on the basis of data from a survey of 187 managers supplemented by validated financial metrics from an external database. The outcomes suggests the existence of a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the CSR involvement construct and sales profit margin (β=0.2). However, CSR seems to have no discernible direct effect on ROA. The study, as the first project of this kind in Poland, adds to the sparse body of literature on financial outcomes of CSR in small and medium enterprises from emerging economies. Another distinguishing feature of this research is its methodological approach which compares favorably to many previous...
The article presents the results of a survey conducted on a representative sample of Polish consu... more The article presents the results of a survey conducted on a representative sample of Polish consumers. The aim of the study was to perform the segmentation of Polish households pertaining to their perceptions and responses to Cause Related Marketing (CRM). A two-step cluster analysis and profiling procedure identified seven segments with distinctive attitudinal and behavioral patterns. In particular, attributes differentiating the extracted segments included: attitudes toward the CRM concept and companies implementing CRM programs, declared purchases of cause supporting brands, consumers’ charitable activity and their demographic characteristics such as: place of residence, income, education, family size and gender. The segments were labeled as follows: (1) informed supporters (18% of all respondents); (2) affluent activists (10%); (3) passive supporters (8%); (4) the undecided (25%); (5) thrifty enthusiasts (15%); (6) asocial opponents (6% ) and (7) urban skeptics (18%).
This research investigates the influence of brand and customer orientations on social media (SM) ... more This research investigates the influence of brand and customer orientations on social media (SM) marketing engagement and how applications of SM in international marketing affect brand and firm performance in foreign markets. The study relies on a survey of a representative sample of 245 medium and large companies using SM in international branding. Performance metrics include an index of brand performance (BP) in a foreign market and return on assets (ROA). Structural equation modeling analysis reveals the overall effect of SM use in international branding as positive, with brand-image creation and market research being significant contributors to brand and firm performance in a foreign market. SM effectiveness is negatively moderated by foreign partner involvement and centralization degree. Firms co-owned by foreign entities turn out to be more successful than their Polish-only counterparts. Of the two antecedents of SM international marketing engagement, customer orientation is s...
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2013
Przeprowadzone w 2012 roku ilościowe badanie zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec działań CRM prod... more Przeprowadzone w 2012 roku ilościowe badanie zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec działań CRM producentów dóbr konsumpcyjnych wskazały na pozytywny stosunek do tego rodzaju aktywności. Polacy wierzą, że działania społeczne firm są potrzebne oraz korzystne dla wszystkich stron. Jednak informacje o wspieraniu celu społecznego nie wystarczają, by konsumenci poczuli sympatię do firmy lub też uznali, że jest ona jest mniej szkodliwa dla otoczenia a jej produkty zasługują na zaufanie. Analiza decyzji zakupowych, podjętych pod wpływem CSR oraz opracowanie modelu regresji logistycznej pozwoliła ustalić, że czynnikami zwiększającymi szanse takich zakupów są: wolontariat, przekazanie 1% dochodu na cel dobroczynny, zaufanie do produktu, poszukiwanie informacji o wspieranych akcjach na opakowaniu produktów oraz zamieszkanie na obszarze wiejskim.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
Poziom akceptacji programów CRM wśród konsumentów w Polsce rośnie, lecz wciąż jest niższy niż w w... more Poziom akceptacji programów CRM wśród konsumentów w Polsce rośnie, lecz wciąż jest niższy niż w wielu krajach rozwiniętych. Ponadto Polacy w mniejszym stopniu niż obywatele innych państw są gotowi ponosić wyższe koszty produktów i usług wspierających cele społeczne. Przeprowadzone w 2012 r. ilościowe badania na polskich konsumentach wykazały, że świadomość konsumentów w obszarze programów CSR została zdominowana przez dwa programy: „Podziel się posiłkiem” firmy Danone oraz „Podaruj dzieciom słońce” firmy Procter & Gamble. Kształtując swoje programy, przedsiębiorstwa te z jednej strony wydają się skutecznie odczytywać preferencje konsumentów, z drugiej zaś dostrzegalnie wpływają na opinie oraz oczekiwania konsumentów dotyczące działań społecznych przedsiębiorstw. Można zatem mówić o dużej roli największych przedsiębiorstw z branży FMCG w kształtowaniu postaw społecznych Polaków oraz o ich odpowiedzialności co do dalszej ewolucji wrażliwości społecznej obywateli. Słowa kluczowe: marketing społecznie zaangażowany, CRM, CSR, działania społeczne przedsiębiorstw, postawy konsumentów.
Based on a representative sample of Polish nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) collaborating wit... more Based on a representative sample of Polish nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) collaborating with firms this study explores the nature of NGO-business relationships and perceived benefits for NGOs. The focus is on how relationship factors (alignment, trust, and commitment) influence three groups of benefits: organizational, social, and reputation related. Both trust and alignment appear to have similar total effects on all types of collaboration value. In contrast, commitment in collaboration is positively correlated only with organizational value, while social and reputational benefits show negative links. This suggests that stronger relationship commitment enhances the amount of resources acquired from the business collaborator, but at the same time it can lower the reputation of the NGO and decrease its capacity to achieve social goals. The article offers interpretations of the findings and recommendations for further research.
Celem niniejszego badania było udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie czy dopasowanie, zaufanie i zaang... more Celem niniejszego badania było udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie czy dopasowanie, zaufanie i zaangażowanie we współpracę organizacji pozarządowych z przedsiębiorstwami związane jest z poziomem korzyści z tej współpracy o charakterze organizacyjnym, społecznym i wizerunkowym. W analizie wykorzystano metodę równań strukturalnych (SEM) na danych zebranych w drodze wywiadów CATI z 200 menedżerami polskich organizacji pozarządowych, które zostały dobrane losowo z wykazu organizacji pożytku publicznego przy Ministerstwie Pracy i Polityki Społecznej. Głównym ustaleniem projektu jest obserwacja, że zaangażowanie we współpracę jest pozytywnie skorelowane jedynie z korzyściami organizacyjnymi, podczas gdy relacja zaangażowania z korzyściami społecznymi i wizerunkowymi jest negatywna. Sugeruje to, że współpraca z biznesem dostarcza organizacjom pozarządowym przede wszystkim zasobów materialnych, przy czym – w opinii ich przedstawicieli – ma często negatywny wpływ na realizacje celów społecznych organizacji oraz przyczynia się do pogorszenia jej wizerunku wśród interesariuszy. Możliwą przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy jest (na co wskazują inne badania) ogólnie niski poziom zaufania społecznego do biznesu w Polsce oraz priorytety organizacji pozarządowych, które często traktują firmy przede wszystkim jako źródło zasileń finansowych, unikając prób głębszego „wciągnięcia” partnera w realizowane przedsięwzięcia. W ten sposób, zrealizowane badanie wskazuje na dysfunkcjonalne obszary współpracy międzysektorowej, których złagodzenie mogłoby podnieść poziom osiąganych korzyści dla obu stron, jak również dla innych interesariuszy. Zdaniem autorów, jest prawdopodobne, że podobne prawidłowości można znaleźć również poza Polską, szczególnie w gospodarkach państw dawnego Bloku Wschodniego, gdzie występuje zbliżony poziom rozwoju sektora non-profit i kontekst społeczny.
Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH - Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, 2021
Monografia przedstawia aktualny stan badań na temat związków pomiędzy zaangażowaniem w społeczną ... more Monografia przedstawia aktualny stan badań na temat związków pomiędzy zaangażowaniem w społeczną odpowiedzialność biznesu, a wynikami operacyjnymi i finansowymi przedsiębiorstw. Pomimo ogólnie szerokiego przekonania o pozytywnym wpływie CSR na kondycję firm, w literaturze przedmiotu brak jest konsensusu odnośnie do skali tych efektów i odpowiedzialnych za nie mechanizmów przyczynowo-skutkowych. Autor szczególną uwagę poświęca kwestiom metodyki badawczej, uznając ją za główną przyczynę niespójności wyników. Wcześniejsze prace badawcze poddane są analizie ze względu na ich pozytywne i negatywne aspekty metodycznie, co stanowi podstawę do przedstawienia podsumowań i rekomendacji dla badaczy zaangażowanych w projekty empiryczne o zbliżonej treści. Ostatnia część monografii, to prezentacja własnego projektu badawczego autora, za pomocą którego zilustrowano zasadność stosowania pewnych dobrych praktyk w analizie związków pomiędzy CSR a wynikami podmiotów gospodarczych. Warto podkreślić, że pomimo orientacji na społeczną odpowiedzialność biznesu, wiele z zawartych tu wniosków ma charakter bardziej uniwersalny, odnosząc się również do badań nad innymi determinantami wyników przedsiębiorstw, takich jak kultura organizacyjna, orientacja strategiczna czy działalność innowacyjna.
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