Joseph Smith

Džozef Smit
Džozef Smit
	; {{{tekst_uz_sliku}}}
1805.	decembar 1805.
Šeron	ŠeronSAD
1844.	jun 1844.
Kartidž	KartidžSAD

1805. 1844. Džozef Smit mlađi (engl. Joseph Smith, Jr.; Šeron, 23. decembar 1805 — Kartidž, 27. jun 1844) bio je američki verski vođa, osnivač pokreta Svetaca poslednjih dana, dominantnog ogranka mormonizma. U 24. godini, Smit je objavio Knjigu Mormona, a do svoje smrti četrnaest godina kasnije, privukao je desetine hiljada sledbenika, osnovao gradove i hramove i upostavio religiju i versku kulturu koje traju do današnjih dana.

Smit je rođen u Šeronu, Vermont. Godine 1817. preselio se sa porodicom u zapadni deo savezne države NJujork, tadašnje mesto intenzivnog verskog preporoda poznatog kao deo Drugog velikog obuđenja. Tu je, navodno, početkom 1820. video i čuo niz vizija. U prvoj od ove dve vizije, „javile“ su mu se dve ličnosti (implicira se da su to Bog Otac i Bog Sin), a u drugoj viziji anđeo Moroni je pokazao Smitu zakopanu knjigu na zlatnim pločama na kojima je ispisana judeo-hrišćanska istorija neke drevne američke civilizacije. Smit je 1830. objavio ono za šta je tvrdio da je engleski prevod ovih ploča, u knjizi pod nazivom Mormonova knjiga. Iste godine je organizovao Crkvu Hristovu, nazvavši je obnovom rane hrišćanske crkve. Pripadnici ove crkve su kasnije nazvani sveci poslednjih dana ili mormoni.

Smit i njegovi sledbenici su se 1831. preselili na zapad u želji da izgrade američki Sion. Okupili su se u Kirtlandu u Ohaju i osnovali isturenu stanicu u Independensu u Misuriju, koja je trebalo da bude „centralno mesto“ Siona. Tokom tridesetih godina 19. veka, Smit je slao misionare, objavljivao „otkrovenja“ i nadgledao izgradnju skupog hrama. Međutim, zbog propasti banke kojoj je njegova crkva bila pokrovitelj i nasilnih okršaja sa ljutim ne-mormonskim žiteljima Misurija, Smitovi snovi o gradnji Siona u Misuriju i Ohaju su propali do kraja ove decenije. Početkom četrdesetih godina 19. veka Smit je osnovao novi grad nazvan Novu u Ilinoisu, gde je bio duhovni i politički vođa. Godine 1844. Smit i gradsko veće Novua su razgnevili nemormonsko stanovništvo naredbom za uništenje štamparije u kojoj je štampan ekspoze koji je kritikovao Smitovu vlast i praksu poligamije. Nakon toga, Smit je pritvoren u zatvoru u Kartidžu u Ilinoisu, a ubijen je kada je rulja upala u zatvor.

Smit se smatra jednim od najuticajnijih, najharizmatičnijih, najinovativnijih i najkontroverznijih ličnosti u američkoj verskoj istoriji. Tokom svog života objavio je mnoga otkrića i druge tekstove koja njegovi sledbenici smatraju religioznim tekstovima. NJegovo učenje uključuje jedinstvene stavove o prirodi Boga, kosmologiji, porodičnoj strukturi, političkoj organizaciji i verskom kolektivizmu. NJegovi sledbenici ga smatraju prorokom ravnim Mojsiju i Iliji, dok ga kritičari smatraju lažnim prorokom i prevarantom. Smitova zaostavština uključuje mnoge denominacije, od kojih su najveća Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana i Zajednice Hrista.

Literatura

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Vogel, Dan (2004), Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet, Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-179-1 .
Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7 .

Vanjske veze

Djela čiji je autor Joseph Smith, Jr. na Projektu Gutenberg
Official LDS page about Joseph Smith
JosephSmithPapers.org—An LDS Church project compiling primary documents relating to Joseph Smith