චිං කායි-ෂෙක්
Chiang Kai-shek | |
|---|---|
蔣中正 | |
.jpg) Official photo of President Chiang Kai-shek in 1948 | |
| Chairman of the Nationalist Government of China | |
| In office October 10, 1928 – December 15, 1931 | |
| Premier | Tan Yankai Soong Tse-ven |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | V. K. Wellington Koo (Acting) |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Lin Sen |
| In office August 1, 1943 – May 20, 1948 Acting until October 10, 1943 | |
| Premier | Soong Tse-ven |
| Vice Chairman | Sun Fo |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Lin Sen |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Himself (as President of the Republic of China) |
| Chairman of the National Military Council | |
| In office December 15, 1931 – May 31, 1946 | |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Position established |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Position abolished |
| President of the Republic of China | |
| In office May 20, 1948 – January 21, 1949 | |
| Premier | Chang Chun Wong Wen-hao Sun Fo |
| උප ජනාධිපතිවරයා | Li Zongren |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Himself (as Chairman of the National Government of China) |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Li Zongren (Acting) |
| In office March 1, 1950 – April 5, 1975 | |
| Premier | Yen Hsi-shan Chen Cheng Yu Hung-Chun Chen Cheng Yen Chia-kan Chiang Ching-kuo |
| උප ජනාධිපතිවරයා | Li Zongren Chen Cheng Yen Chia-kan |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Li Zongren (Acting) |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Yen Chia-kan |
| Premier of the Republic of China | |
| In office December 4, 1930 – December 15, 1931 | |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Soong Tse-ven |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Chen Mingshu |
| In office December 9, 1935 – January 1, 1938 | |
| ජනාධිපතිවරයා | Lin Sen |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Wang Jingwei |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Hsiang-hsi Kung |
| In office November 20, 1939 – May 31, 1945 | |
| ජනාධිපතිවරයා | Lin Sen |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Hsiang-hsi Kung |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Soong Tse-ven |
| In office March 1, 1947 – April 18, 1947 | |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Soong Tse-ven |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Chang Chun |
| 1st, 3rd Director-General of the Kuomintang | |
| In office March 29, 1938 – April 5, 1975 | |
| පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Hu Hanmin |
| අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා | Chiang Ching-kuo (as Chairman of the Kuomintang) |
| Personal details | |
| උපත | ඔක්තෝබර් 31, 1887 Fenghua, Zhejiang, Qing China |
| විපත | April 5, 1975 (වයස 87) Taipei, Taiwan |
| Resting place | Cihu Mausoleum, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
| ජාතිකත්වය | Republic of China |
| දේශපාලන පක්ෂය | Kuomintang |
| කලත්‍රයා(s) | Mao Fumei Yao Yecheng Chen Jieru Soong Mei-ling |
| ළමයි | Chiang Ching-kuo Chiang Wei-kuo (adopted) |
| Alma mater | Baoding Military Academy, Imperial Japanese Army Academy Preparatory School |
| සම්මාන | Order of National Glory, Order of Blue Sky and White Sun, 1st class Order of the Sacred Tripod, Legion of Merit |
| අත්සන |  |
| අන්වර්ථ නාමය | "Generalissimo"or "Red General"[2] |
| Military service | |
| පක්ෂපාතීත්වය | Kuomintang |
| ශාඛාව/සේවාව | Republic of China Army |
| සේවා කාලය | 1911–1975 |
| නිලය | General Special Class (特级上将) |
| සටන්/ යුද්ධ | Xinhai Revolution, Northern Expedition, Sino-Tibetan War, Kumul Rebellion, Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, Chinese Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency in China (1950–1958) |
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- මෙය චීන නාමයකි; පවුල් නාමය වන්නේ Chiang ය.
චිං කායි-ෂෙක් (චීන: 蔣介石; 31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih and known as Chiang Chungcheng (චීන: 蔣中正), was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China.
Chiang – who led the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975 – was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, as well as a close ally of Sun Yat-sen's. Chiang became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's many warlords.[3]
From 1928 to 1948, Chiang served as chairman of the National Military Council of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China (ROC). Chiang was socially conservative, promoting traditional Chinese culture in the New Life Movement and rejecting both western democracy and Sun's nationalist democratic socialism in favour of an authoritarian government.[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] Unable to maintain Sun's good relations with the communists, Chiang purged them in a massacre at Shanghai and repression of uprisings at Kwangtung and elsewhere.
At the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which later became the Chinese theater of World War II, Zhang Xueliang kidnapped Chiang and obliged him to establish a Second United Front with the communists. After the defeat of the Japanese, the American-sponsored Marshall Mission, an attempt to negotiate a coalition government, failed in 1946. The Chinese Civil War resumed, with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) led by Mao Zedong defeating the Nationalists and declaring the People's Republic of China in 1949. Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics in a period known as the "White Terror". After evacuating to Taiwan, Chiang's government continued to declare its intention to retake mainland China. Chiang ruled Taiwan securely as President of the Republic of China and General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, just one year short of Mao's death.[4]
Like Mao, Chiang is regarded as a controversial figure: supporters credit him with playing a major part in the Allied victory of the Second World War; detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an authoritarian autocracy who suppressed and purged opponents and critics and arbitrarily incarcerated those he deemed as opposing to the Kuomintang among others.
- ^ Jay Taylor. The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-Shek and the Struggle for Modern China. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009) p. 2.
- ^ Pakula, Hannah (2009). The last empress: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the birth of modern China. Simon and Schuster. p. 346. ISBN 1-4391-4893-7. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 28, 2010.
- ^ Zarrow, Peter Gue (2005). China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949. pp. 230–231.
- ^ Will of Chiang Kai-shek at Wikisource.