Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy for depression treatment that h... more Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy for depression treatment that has received considerable empirical support. This article provides an overview of the history and core techniques of CBT and discusses recently developed techniques and augmentations to CBT for depression. It reviews empirical studies comparing the relative efficacy of CBT and antidepressant medication as well as their combination. Studies highlighting the relapse-prevention properties of CBT are reviewed also. The article concludes with a discussion of practical recommendations for integrating CBT into a depression treatment plan.
The Measure of Mental Anticipatory Processes (MMAP) is a questionnaire measuring patterns of ment... more The Measure of Mental Anticipatory Processes (MMAP) is a questionnaire measuring patterns of mental preparation that are productive (plan rehearsal and problem analysis) and unproductive (stagnant deliberation and outcome fantasy) in coping with future stressful events. In a series of psychometric studies, the four subscales demonstrated acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, temporal stability (Studies 1 and 2), and convergent and
ABSTRACT Objective In research on psychological, behavioral, and personality factors that predict... more ABSTRACT Objective In research on psychological, behavioral, and personality factors that predict academic success in college, concepts related to self-regulation have emerged repeatedly. We hypothesized that executive functioning (EF) deficits as measured by a multidimensional rating scale would predict academic performance and investigated whether students' grade goals could account for the relationship between EF deficits and subsequent GPA. Method In Study 1 we obtained data on EF deficits as measured by the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) and self-reported grade point average (GPA) from students at a co-educational university (N = 250). In Study 2, we collected BDEFS and students' self-selected GPA goals from students at a women's college (N = 229) and obtained subsequent grades from the registrar. Results EF deficits predicted GPA concurrently in both studies and prospectively in Study 2 even after controlling for prior cumulative GPA. Self-motivation deficits were the EF dimension most consistently and uniquely related to grades when controlling for prior GPA. Students' self-selected grade goals were also correlated with subsequent semester GPA. Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of self-motivation deficits on later grades via students setting lower grade goals—however, goals did not fully account for the relationship between poorer self-motivation and lower grades. Conclusions Our results support the assessment of EF deficits in research on academic achievement in college students and confirm the importance of self-motivation and effort regulation in particular. While our results suggest some potential value for goal-setting interventions to help struggling college students with self-motivation problems, additional interventions to enhance self-regulation would likely be required to help students meet the higher grade goals they set for themselves.
... Filip RAES(1), Karolien DAEMS(1), Greg C. FELDMAN(2), Sheri L. JOHNSON(3), & ... more ... Filip RAES(1), Karolien DAEMS(1), Greg C. FELDMAN(2), Sheri L. JOHNSON(3), & Dinska VAN GUCHT(1) (1) Katholieke Universiteit ... in naturalistic prospective studies (for recent reviews, see Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008; Smith & Alloy, 2009; Watkins, 2008). ...
Many patients continue to experience depressive symptoms after optimal pharmacological treatment.... more Many patients continue to experience depressive symptoms after optimal pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Beck's cognitive diathesis stress model of depression would help predict the degree of improvement in the depressive symptoms of patients with chronic depression receiving antidepressant treatment. The study investigated the dysfunctional attitudes, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms of 117 patients with chronic depression before and after they were treated with an 8-week course of fluoxetine. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect for the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and perceived stress explaining severity of depressive symptom following antidepressant treatment. Patients with both high perceived stress and high dysfunctional attitudes prior to treatment reported more depressive symptoms at the end of treatment than patients with high perceived stress and lower dysfunctional attitudes. Surprisingly, in the presence of low perceived stress, patients with higher dysfunctional attitudes experienced less depressive symptoms at the end of treatment than patients with lower dysfunctional attitudes. Results suggest the value of taking into consideration both patients' perceived stress and dysfunctional attitudes when assessing treatment for depressive symptoms.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2005
... His research interests include depression, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and psychotherapy... more ... His research interests include depression, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and psychotherapy process and outcome. CYNTHIA GRUMAN received her PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Boston in gerontology. ... In JF Aponte & J. Wohl (Eds.), Psychological ...
... doi:10.1017/S0033291710001169 First published online 7 July 2010 Depersonalization: A New Loo... more ... doi:10.1017/S0033291710001169 First published online 7 July 2010 Depersonalization: A New Look at a Neglected Syndrome. ... 2007; Neziroglu & Donnelly, 2010), reflecting the considerable research and emerg-ing conceptual and treatment frameworks for a con-dition that ...
This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translations of the Qu... more This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translations of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS(16)), including the Clinician-Rated (QIDS-C(16)), Self-report (QIDS-SR(16)), and Interactive Voice Response (QIDS-SR-IVR(16)) formats. Thirty depressed Chinese Americans were assessed with Chinese translations of the QIDS-SR(16), QIDS-SR-IVR(16), and QIDS-C(16). Cronbach alpha estimates of internal scale consistency on the QIDS-SR(16), QIDS-SR-IVR(16), and QIDS-C(16) were 0.70, 0.74, and 0.79, respectively. Intercorrelations among the measures were QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-SR-IVR(16), r = 0.79; QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-C(16), r = 0.61; and QIDS-SR-IVR(16) and QIDS-C(16), r = 0.69 (all p values < 0.01). The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristics of the QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-SR-IVR(16) were 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.95) and 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.96), respectively. The respective screening sensitivities/specificities were 0.73/0.74 and 0.86/0.58. The Chinese translations of the QIDS(16) have adequate psychometric properties and may be useful tools for depression screening.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007
The authors examined extreme response style in recurrently and chronically depressed patients, as... more The authors examined extreme response style in recurrently and chronically depressed patients, assessing its role in therapeutic outcome. During the acute phase, outpatients with major depressive disorder (N = 384) were treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks. Remitted patients (n = 132) entered a continuation phase during which their fluoxetine dose increased and they were randomly assigned to treatment with or without cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Results showed a predictive relationship between extreme response style and clinical outcome. Patients in the medication-only group showed a significant increase in the frequency of extreme responses, whereas patients receiving CBT showed no significant change. These results are consistent with recent findings suggesting that metacognitive factors may be as important as changes in thought content when treating depression.
Rumination to negative affect has been linked to the onset and maintenance of mood disorders in a... more Rumination to negative affect has been linked to the onset and maintenance of mood disorders in adults as well as children. Responses to positive affect have received far less attention thus far. A few recent studies in adults suggest that responses to positive affect are involved in the development of both depressive and hypomanic symptoms, but thus far no study has investigated their role in childhood mood problems. The purpose of the present study was to validate a child version of the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire and examine the extent to which responses to positive affect prospectively predict mood symptoms over a 3-month interval. The Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire for Children was found to assess two types of responses to positive affect: Positive Rumination and Dampening. Both subscales showed sufficient internal consistency and moderate stability over a 3-month interval. Low levels of positive rumination and high levels of dampening were concurrently associated with depressive symptoms, over and above responses to negative affect. Importantly, low levels of positive rumination also predicted increases in depressive symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline symptoms in children reporting high levels of stress. Both positive rumination and dampening were positively related to concurrent hypomanic symptoms and high levels of positive rumination predicted increases in hypomanic symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline symptoms in children reporting high levels of stress. The results underscore the added value of assessing responses to positive affect in addition to responses to negative affect.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy for depression treatment that h... more Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy for depression treatment that has received considerable empirical support. This article provides an overview of the history and core techniques of CBT and discusses recently developed techniques and augmentations to CBT for depression. It reviews empirical studies comparing the relative efficacy of CBT and antidepressant medication as well as their combination. Studies highlighting the relapse-prevention properties of CBT are reviewed also. The article concludes with a discussion of practical recommendations for integrating CBT into a depression treatment plan.
The Measure of Mental Anticipatory Processes (MMAP) is a questionnaire measuring patterns of ment... more The Measure of Mental Anticipatory Processes (MMAP) is a questionnaire measuring patterns of mental preparation that are productive (plan rehearsal and problem analysis) and unproductive (stagnant deliberation and outcome fantasy) in coping with future stressful events. In a series of psychometric studies, the four subscales demonstrated acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, temporal stability (Studies 1 and 2), and convergent and
ABSTRACT Objective In research on psychological, behavioral, and personality factors that predict... more ABSTRACT Objective In research on psychological, behavioral, and personality factors that predict academic success in college, concepts related to self-regulation have emerged repeatedly. We hypothesized that executive functioning (EF) deficits as measured by a multidimensional rating scale would predict academic performance and investigated whether students' grade goals could account for the relationship between EF deficits and subsequent GPA. Method In Study 1 we obtained data on EF deficits as measured by the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) and self-reported grade point average (GPA) from students at a co-educational university (N = 250). In Study 2, we collected BDEFS and students' self-selected GPA goals from students at a women's college (N = 229) and obtained subsequent grades from the registrar. Results EF deficits predicted GPA concurrently in both studies and prospectively in Study 2 even after controlling for prior cumulative GPA. Self-motivation deficits were the EF dimension most consistently and uniquely related to grades when controlling for prior GPA. Students' self-selected grade goals were also correlated with subsequent semester GPA. Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of self-motivation deficits on later grades via students setting lower grade goals—however, goals did not fully account for the relationship between poorer self-motivation and lower grades. Conclusions Our results support the assessment of EF deficits in research on academic achievement in college students and confirm the importance of self-motivation and effort regulation in particular. While our results suggest some potential value for goal-setting interventions to help struggling college students with self-motivation problems, additional interventions to enhance self-regulation would likely be required to help students meet the higher grade goals they set for themselves.
... Filip RAES(1), Karolien DAEMS(1), Greg C. FELDMAN(2), Sheri L. JOHNSON(3), & ... more ... Filip RAES(1), Karolien DAEMS(1), Greg C. FELDMAN(2), Sheri L. JOHNSON(3), & Dinska VAN GUCHT(1) (1) Katholieke Universiteit ... in naturalistic prospective studies (for recent reviews, see Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008; Smith & Alloy, 2009; Watkins, 2008). ...
Many patients continue to experience depressive symptoms after optimal pharmacological treatment.... more Many patients continue to experience depressive symptoms after optimal pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Beck's cognitive diathesis stress model of depression would help predict the degree of improvement in the depressive symptoms of patients with chronic depression receiving antidepressant treatment. The study investigated the dysfunctional attitudes, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms of 117 patients with chronic depression before and after they were treated with an 8-week course of fluoxetine. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect for the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and perceived stress explaining severity of depressive symptom following antidepressant treatment. Patients with both high perceived stress and high dysfunctional attitudes prior to treatment reported more depressive symptoms at the end of treatment than patients with high perceived stress and lower dysfunctional attitudes. Surprisingly, in the presence of low perceived stress, patients with higher dysfunctional attitudes experienced less depressive symptoms at the end of treatment than patients with lower dysfunctional attitudes. Results suggest the value of taking into consideration both patients' perceived stress and dysfunctional attitudes when assessing treatment for depressive symptoms.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2005
... His research interests include depression, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and psychotherapy... more ... His research interests include depression, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and psychotherapy process and outcome. CYNTHIA GRUMAN received her PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Boston in gerontology. ... In JF Aponte & J. Wohl (Eds.), Psychological ...
... doi:10.1017/S0033291710001169 First published online 7 July 2010 Depersonalization: A New Loo... more ... doi:10.1017/S0033291710001169 First published online 7 July 2010 Depersonalization: A New Look at a Neglected Syndrome. ... 2007; Neziroglu & Donnelly, 2010), reflecting the considerable research and emerg-ing conceptual and treatment frameworks for a con-dition that ...
This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translations of the Qu... more This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translations of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS(16)), including the Clinician-Rated (QIDS-C(16)), Self-report (QIDS-SR(16)), and Interactive Voice Response (QIDS-SR-IVR(16)) formats. Thirty depressed Chinese Americans were assessed with Chinese translations of the QIDS-SR(16), QIDS-SR-IVR(16), and QIDS-C(16). Cronbach alpha estimates of internal scale consistency on the QIDS-SR(16), QIDS-SR-IVR(16), and QIDS-C(16) were 0.70, 0.74, and 0.79, respectively. Intercorrelations among the measures were QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-SR-IVR(16), r = 0.79; QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-C(16), r = 0.61; and QIDS-SR-IVR(16) and QIDS-C(16), r = 0.69 (all p values < 0.01). The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristics of the QIDS-SR(16) and QIDS-SR-IVR(16) were 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.95) and 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.96), respectively. The respective screening sensitivities/specificities were 0.73/0.74 and 0.86/0.58. The Chinese translations of the QIDS(16) have adequate psychometric properties and may be useful tools for depression screening.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007
The authors examined extreme response style in recurrently and chronically depressed patients, as... more The authors examined extreme response style in recurrently and chronically depressed patients, assessing its role in therapeutic outcome. During the acute phase, outpatients with major depressive disorder (N = 384) were treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks. Remitted patients (n = 132) entered a continuation phase during which their fluoxetine dose increased and they were randomly assigned to treatment with or without cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Results showed a predictive relationship between extreme response style and clinical outcome. Patients in the medication-only group showed a significant increase in the frequency of extreme responses, whereas patients receiving CBT showed no significant change. These results are consistent with recent findings suggesting that metacognitive factors may be as important as changes in thought content when treating depression.
Rumination to negative affect has been linked to the onset and maintenance of mood disorders in a... more Rumination to negative affect has been linked to the onset and maintenance of mood disorders in adults as well as children. Responses to positive affect have received far less attention thus far. A few recent studies in adults suggest that responses to positive affect are involved in the development of both depressive and hypomanic symptoms, but thus far no study has investigated their role in childhood mood problems. The purpose of the present study was to validate a child version of the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire and examine the extent to which responses to positive affect prospectively predict mood symptoms over a 3-month interval. The Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire for Children was found to assess two types of responses to positive affect: Positive Rumination and Dampening. Both subscales showed sufficient internal consistency and moderate stability over a 3-month interval. Low levels of positive rumination and high levels of dampening were concurrently associated with depressive symptoms, over and above responses to negative affect. Importantly, low levels of positive rumination also predicted increases in depressive symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline symptoms in children reporting high levels of stress. Both positive rumination and dampening were positively related to concurrent hypomanic symptoms and high levels of positive rumination predicted increases in hypomanic symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline symptoms in children reporting high levels of stress. The results underscore the added value of assessing responses to positive affect in addition to responses to negative affect.
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Papers by Greg Feldman