View source for White supremacy

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'''White supremacy''' is the belief that [[white people]] are better than all other [[race (sociology)|race]]s. The words "white supremacy" are sometimes used to describe a [[political]] idea that shows the [[Society|social]] and [[Politics|political]] [[dominant|dominance]] of whites.<ref>{{cite book |title=Privilege revealed: how invisible preference 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/privilegereveale00wild |last=Wildman |first=Stephanie M. |year=1996 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=0814793037 |pages=87}}</ref>

White supremacy is a form of [[racism]]. It is not to be confused with different [[Politics|political]] and [[Morality|moral]] differences that people of any race may hold. White supremacists also want [[Racial segregation|racial ''separation'']], which means people of different races living apart. White supremacy has often caused anti-[[Black people|black]] racism and [[antisemitism]] (Anti-Jewish hate).<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The history of white supremacy in America |last=Skutsch|first=Carl|date=2017-08-19| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/the-history-of-white-supremacy-in-america-205171/|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=2021-06-21}}</ref>  [[Native American|Native Americans]], [[Asian Americans|Asians]], [[multiracial]] people, [[Middle East|Middle Eastern]] people, [[Muslims]], [[mestizo]] or [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] [[Mexicans]], non-white [[Latino|Latinos]] and [[LGBT|LGBTQ+]] people are also hurt by white supremacists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=White supremacy {{!}} Definition, History, Examples, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/white-supremacy|access-date=2023-02-03|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>

The different groups who are in favour of white supremacy do not agree on who is white. They do not agree on which group is their worst enemy.<ref>{{cite book |title=Spaces of Hate: geographies of discrimination and intolerance in the U.S.A. |last=Flint  |first=Colin |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415935865 |pages=53 |quote=Although white racist activists must adopt a political identity of whiteness, the flimsy definition of whiteness in modern culture poses special challenges for them. In both mainstream and white supremacist discourse, to be white is to be distinct from those marked as non-white, yet the placement of the distinguishing line has varied significantly in different times and places. }}</ref> White supremacists often think that [[Jew]]s are the biggest danger to their cause. They think Jews are able to hide inside society more easily than other [[Ethnic group|ethnic groups]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Hate Crimes: causes, controls, and controversies |last=Gerstenfeld |first=Phyllis B. |year=2003 |publisher=Sage Publications Inc. |isbn=0761928146 |pages=155 |quote=The third reason that Jews may be so vilified is that, compared with people of color, they can much more easily assimilate; they can easily "pass". This represents a particular threat to white supremacy because Jews can infiltrate the white power structure in a way that people of color cannot. }}</ref>

==History==
[[Political]]ly, [[social]]ly and [[economics|economically]], white supremacy was common in the [[United States]] before the [[American Civil War]] and for many years after.<ref>{{cite book | last = Fredrickson | first = George | title = White Supremacy | url = https://archive.org/details/whitesupremacyco00fred | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford Oxfordshire | year = 1981 | isbn = 0195030427 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whitesupremacyco00fred/page/n187 162]}}</ref> This is also true for white supremacist [[regime]]s in [[South Africa]] and [[Rhodesia]] and of parts of [[Europe]] at different time periods. White supremacy was very important for [[Nazi Germany]]'s [[Third Reich]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014|title=racism|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001/acref-9780199546091-e-9615|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - World Encyclopedia}}</ref> How much white supremacy has influenced [[Western civilization|Western culture]] is still being argued about. The ways it has changed how society works are still being studied. In some parts of the United States, many people who were thought to be non-white could not vote and were not allowed to be part of the [[government]]. They were also not allowed to work in most government jobs. They were still not allowed to do this, even into the second half of the [[20th century]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carney and Finkelman|date=2009|title=Jim Crow Laws|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195167795.001.0001/acref-9780195167795-e-0646|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present}}</ref> White leaders in places like the United States and Australia often thought that [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] and [[Indigenous Australians]] kept society from going forward. They did not think of them as people who lived there in their own right. Many [[Europe]]an-settled countries that are on the [[Pacific Ocean]] limited [[immigration]] from Asian and Pacific countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Christopher Riches|last2=Jan Palmowski|date=2021|title=White Australia Policy|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191890949.001.0001/acref-9780191890949-e-2492|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - A Dictionary of Contemporary World History}}</ref> Many [[U.S. state]]s banned marriage between races, through "anti-[[miscegenation]] laws" until 1967, when these laws were changed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schoff Curtin|first=Rebecca|date=2012|title=Anti-Miscegenation Laws|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199754618.001.0001/acref-9780199754618-e-0031|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Political and Legal History}}</ref> [[South Africa]] had a white supremacist regime, called [[Apartheid]], until 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saunders|first=Christopher|date=2008|title=Apartheid|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001/acref-9780195176322-e-85|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World}}</ref> [[Rhodesia]] had a white supremacist regime until 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Rhodesia|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-3330|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Oxford Reference - Encyclopedia of Africa}}</ref>

White supremacists have become linked with a [[Racism|racist]] part of the [[skinhead]] [[subculture]]. When the skinhead subculture first began in the [[United Kingdom]] in the late 1960s, it was mostly influenced by the [[Jamaica]]n [[rude boy]]s and British [[Mod (lifestyle)|mods]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |title=Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a Chas Smash, of Madness |access-date=2001-02-19 |archive-date=2001-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010219175613/http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.reggaereggaereggae.com/Special%20Articles.htm |title=Special Articles<!--Bot-generated title--> |access-date=2008-11-27 |archive-date=2008-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217000127/http://www.reggaereggaereggae.com/Special%20Articles.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="skinheads">{{cite book |last=Old Skool Jim |title=Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes |publisher=Trojan Records |location=London |id=TJETD169}}</ref> But by the 1980s, a big white supremacist skinhead [[Political faction|faction]] had formed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pollard|first=John|date=2016|title=Skinhead culture: the ideologies, mythologies, religions and conspiracy theories of racist skinheads|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=119207805&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=EBSCOhost}}</ref>

==White supremacist movements and ideas==
White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a large white population, including [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Australia]],  [[New Zealand]]. They can also be found in areas where most people are not white, such as [[South Africa]] and [[Latin America]]. In all of these areas, their views are held by only a small part of the population. The number of people who are active in the groups is quite small.  The militant (very forceful) approach taken by white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by governments and police. Many of the things that white supremacists say can get some people to hurt or kill other people. This is called [[hate speech]]. Some countries have laws against hate speech.<ref>{{Cite web|last=European Court of Human Rights|date=October 2019|title=Hate Speech|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Hate_speech_ENG.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018004033/https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Hate_speech_ENG.pdf|archive-date=October 18, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2023|website=Interntet Archive Wayback Machine}}</ref> Some countries also have laws that stop or limit some white supremacist organizations. However, white supremacist groups are very different from each other. This means that it is hard to stop them all.

===Religious movements===
[[Image:Klan-in-gainesville.jpg|thumb|left|Members of the second [[Ku Klux Klan]] at a rally in 1923.]]
The [[Christian Identity]] movement, which is regarded by most other [[Christians]] as [[heresy|heretical]] is closely tied to white supremacy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christian Identity|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/christian-identity|access-date=2023-02-07|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}}</ref> The [[Ku Klux Klan]]'s reasons for wanting [[racial segregation]] are not mainly based on religious ideas.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ku Klux Klan: A History of Racism|url=https://www.splcenter.org/20110228/ku-klux-klan-history-racism|access-date=2023-02-07|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}}</ref> But the Klan uses Christian symbols like a cross on fire in order to put fear in their victims.<ref name=":1" /> The Klan persecuted [[Catholic Church|Catholics]].Some white supremacists say that they follow the [[Ásatrú|Odinist]] religion. Most Odinists do not accept white supremacy. White supremacists make up only a small part of those who support Odinism (belief in the gods of [[Norse mythology]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Holy Hate: The Far Right's Radicalization of Religion|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2018/holy-hate-far-right%E2%80%99s-radicalization-religion|access-date=2023-02-07|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}}</ref> Some white supremacist groups, such as the [[South Africa]]n [[Boeremag]], put parts of Christianity and Odinism together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Brand of Racist Odinist Religion on the March|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/1998/new-brand-racist-odinist-religion-march|access-date=2023-02-07|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}}</ref>

The World Church of the Creator, now called the [[Creativity Movement]], backs a racist religion called Creativity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Creativity Movement|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/creativity-movement-0|access-date=2023-02-08|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}}</ref> The religion's purpose is 'a racial holy war" and "a bright and beautiful new world."<ref name=":0" /> This new world will come through a special "holy war" that they call "RAHOWA" (RAcial HOly WAr). They think that members of the white race must take steps to save their white race. They believe that all races are at war with each other for land and [[Natural resource|natural resources]]. They say that their war is a religious war.<ref name=":0" />

==Related pages==
* [[Apartheid]], a system of rule by white people in South Africa
* [[Master race]], the belief that one race is or ought to be dominant
* [[Antisemitism]], racism against Jews especially by white supremacists
* [[Anti-Mexican sentiment]], many white supremacists are against mestizo [[Mexico|Mexican]] immigration to the United States
* [[Black supremacy]]
* [[Racism]]
* [[Racial discrimination]]

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dobratz, Betty A. and Shanks-Meile, Stephanie. ''"White power, white pride!": The white separatist movement in the United States'' (Twayne Publishers, NY, 1997).
* Lincoln Rockwell, George. ''White Power'' (John McLaughlin, 1996).

==Other websites==
*[http://reactor-core.org/white-power.html "White Power" by George Lincoln Rockwell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927181943/http://reactor-core.org/white-power.html |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.adl.org/hate_symbols/music.asp Anti-Defamation League article on white power music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011040036/http://www.adl.org/hate_symbols/music.asp |date=2007-10-11 }}

[[Category:Racism]]