Oregon

Oregon
State
State of Oregon
Flag Seal
Nickname:  The Beaver State
Motto(s):  Alis volat propriis (English: She flies with her own wings)
Anthem: Oregon, My Oregon
Map of the United States with Oregon highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Oregon Territory
Admitted to the Union	February 14, 1859 (33rd)
Capital	Salem
Largest city	Portland
Largest metro and urban areas	Portland metropolitan area
Government
• Governor	Tina Kotek (D)
• Secretary of State	Shemia Fagan (D)
Legislature	Legislative Assembly
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. senators	Ron Wyden (D) Jeff Merkley (D)
U.S. House delegation	4 Democrats 1 Republican (list)
Area
• Total	98,381 sq mi (254,806 km2)
• Land	95,997 sq mi (248,849 km2)
• Water	2,384 sq mi (6,177 km2)  2.4%
• Rank	9th
Dimensions
• Length	360 mi (580 km)
• Width	400 mi (640 km)
Elevation	3,300 ft (1,000 m)
Highest elevation (Mount Hood)	11,249 ft (3,428.8 m)
Lowest elevation (Pacific Ocean)	0 ft (0 m)
Population  (2019)
• Total	4,217,737
• Rank	27th
• Density	39.9/sq mi (15.0/km2)
• Rank	39th
• Median household income	$60,212
• Income rank	21st
Demonym	Oregonian
Language
• Official language	De jure: none De facto: Pacific Northwest English
Time zones
primary	UTC−08:00 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−07:00 (PDT)
primary for Malheur County	UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation	OR
ISO 3166 code	US-OR
Traditional abbreviation	Ore.
Latitude	42° N to 46°18′ N
Longitude	116°28′ W to 124°38′ W
Website	www.oregon.gov

Oregon state symbols
Flag of Oregon
Living insignia
Bird	Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Crustacean	Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister)
Fish	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Flower	Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium)
Grass	Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata)
Insect	Oregon swallowtail (Papilio oregonius)
Mammal	American beaver (Castor canadensis)
Tree	Douglas-fir
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Square dance
Food	Pear (Pyrus)
Fossil	Metasequoia
Gemstone	Oregon sunstone
Motto	She Flies With Her Own Wings
Rock	Thunderegg
Shell	Oregon hairy triton (Fusitriton oregonensis)
Soil	Jory soil
Other	Nut: Hazelnut
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2005
Lists of United States state symbols

Oregon is a state in the United States. Salem is the capital (where most of the state government works), and Portland is the city with the most people. Oregon was the 33rd state to join the United States, in 1859.

Geography

The state of Washington is to the north of Oregon. California and Nevada are to the south. Idaho is to the east. The Pacific Ocean is to the west.

The Columbia River flows along most of the border with Washington. The Snake River flows along much of the border with Idaho. The highest mountain is Mount Hood (11,237 feet or 3,425 metres high), part of the Cascade Range of mountains. Another famous Cascade Mountain in Oregon is Mount Mazama, better known as Crater Lake.

History

Oregon was a long way from the United States of America, which was east of the Mississippi river in the 1830s and 1840s. To get to Oregon, settlers had to cross the Great Plains, which were empty except for a few forts and groups of Native Americans. Most people thought that it was impossible to farm there. They called it the "Great American Desert", because crossing it was long and dangerous; however, thousands did anyway.

Mountain men (people who knew a lot about living in mountainous places) had found a passway over the Rocky Mountains, and they named it the South Pass. This path helped many wagons to reach the west coast. In 1836 a missionary named Marcus Whitman crossed through the pass with his wife to Oregon. This proved that it was possible for others with women and families to go too, and because of this, Oregon suddenly became the place pioneers wanted to make a trip to.

Most of the settlers that came by the Oregon Trail had a very difficult trip. The Trail began in Missouri, and they went in covered wagons pulled by animals like bulls. They could only travel 100 miles in one week, and so the whole trip would take half a year. But still, lots of pioneers traveled so much that it is still possible to see the wagon ruts in some places today.

Life on the trail was very hard for the pioneers. Every day, they would break up and camp, travel all day, and set up camp again. Food was usually beans and coffee, for every single day of the trip. The travelers always searched for water, wood for fires, and something to catch and eat fresh. But these were hard to find, and so sometimes they got mad at each other and fought with fists and guns.

The Trail was also dangerous. Rivers could flood, washing away people and other things. Native Americans could attack, oxen or horses could die, and diseases and injuries could strike.

By 1840, due to all the hard work of the pioneers, there were thousands of Americans in Oregon. Towns and farms had been set up. The area was part of British North America at the time. But the British, however, only had a few hundred settlers in Oregon. Because of this, the Americans began to plan to take over the whole land.

Many Americans wanted this as well. They made up the slogan, "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" and wanted all of Oregon up to latitude 54 or they would go to war with Britain to get it. They were so eager to have Oregon all for themselves, they supported James Polk as president because he claimed to have similar thoughts with them as well.

However, after President Polk was elected, he began to be more sensible. He did not want to wage war with Britain, if it could be avoided. The British also realized that the Americans would soon have enough settlers in Oregon to easily drive out the British defenders. In 1846 the British offered to divide Oregon by giving most of the border land between the USA and what is now Canada. President Polk accepted this, and so now the Americans had power over Oregon as well as the other states.

Education

There are a number of colleges and universities in Oregon. The four-year universities with the most students are Portland State University, Oregon State University, and the University of Oregon.

Related pages

• List of counties in Oregon

Other websites

• Official Oregon website