Zimbabwe

Hona zveMasvingo eZimbabwe.

Kana uchitsvaga zvakawanda nezvokuvhota gore ra2008, ona nyaya iyi.

Rudhende rwe Zimbabwe

Mitauro ye chihofisi Chishona: Rudhende rwe Zimbabwe;Nyika ye Zimbabwe Chindeḅele: Ilizwe leZimbabwe Chikalanga: Hango ye Zimbababwe Chichewa: Dziko la Zimbabwe Chibarwe: Nyika ye Zimbabwe Chinambya: Inyika yeZimbabwe Chikhoisan: Zimbabwe Nù Chindau: Nyika yeZimbabwe Chishangani: Tiko ra Zimbabwe Chisutu: Naha ya Zimbabwe Chitonga: Cisi ca Zimbabwe Chivhenda: Shango ḽa Zimbabwe Chixhosa: Ilizwe lase-Zimbabwe Chingezi: Republic of Zimbabwe

National motto: Unity, Freedom, Work

National anthem: Rwiyo rwezvishuvo zveZimbabwe

Nzvimbo yeZimbabwe (yakavarwa Zerere tema) Dhorobha huru Harare17°50′S 31°3′E Mitauro yeNyika yeZimbabwe Mitauro 16: Chichewa, Chibarwe (Chisena), Chirungu, Chikalanga, Chikhoisan (Tsoa), Chinambya, Chindau, Chindebele, Chishangani, Chishona, Mutauro weSaini, Chisotho, Chitonga, Chitswana, Chivhenda, Chixhosa Marudzi evanhu (2012 Census) Vatema (VaBantu uyeVamwe veAfurika) 99.38% Vamwe 0.22% Varungu veAfurika 0.18% Vakavarwa (colored) 0.08% Maezhiya 0.02% Vamwe 0.01% Havazivikanwe Rudaviro (2017) Chitendo 84.1% Vakristu —69.2% Protestantism —14.9% vamwe vaKristu 10.2% Vasina Rudaviro 4.5% Rudaviro rweChinyakare 1.2% zvimwe Rudaviro rweVashona Demonym(s) ZimbabweanZimbo (nevanhu) Hurumende Unitary dominant-party presidential constitutional republic • Mutungamiri weNyika Emmerson Mnangagwa • Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weNyika Constantino Chiwenga Legislature Paramende • Imba yepamusoro Senate • Imba yepazasi National Assembly Kuzvimirira kubva kuUnited Kingdom • Declared 11 Mbudzi 1965 • Republic 2 Kurume 1970 • Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1 Chikumi 1979 • Independence recognised 18 Kubvumbi 1980 • Constitution yeizvozvi 15 Chivabvu 2013 Nzvimbo • Yese 390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi) (60th) • Mvura (%) 1 Huwandu hweVanhu • 2019 estimate 15,092,171 (74th) • 2012 census 12,973,808 • Dhenziti (density) 26/km2 (67.3/sq mi) (170th) GDP (PPP) 2019 estimate • Yese $41.031 bhiriyoni • Per capita $2,621 GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate • Yese $22.290 bhiriyoni • Per capita $1,424 Gini (2017) 44.3medium HDI (2019) 0.571medium · 150th Mari Dhora reZimbabwe Zoni yenguva UTC+2 (CAT) Urongwa rwezuva zz/mm/gggg (zuva/mwedzi/gore) Divi rekutyaira Ruboshwe Kodhi yenhare +263 ISO 3166 code ZW Internet TLD .zw

Zimbabwe ichinzizve pachihofisi Rudhende rwe Zimbabwe, inyika yakakomberedzwa iri kuchamhembe kwe Afurika, dzimwe nguva ichinzi iri kumabvazuva kana kuChamhembechemabvazuva kwe Afurika.

Yakaganhurana neMazambuko kumabvazuva, Afurika Chamhembe kuchamhembe kwayo, Vutswana kumadokero, Zambia kumaodzanyemba. Zimbambwe ine mitauro guminetanhatu yepachihofisi, ruzhinji rwevanhu runogona kutaura Chingezi kwazvo nokuda kwe hukoloni we Mabhuritani, asi huwandu hungasvike 85% huno taura Chishona serurimi rwa mai. Chishona ndicho chaive mutauro wehugari weruzhinji rwe vanhu kubva muchikarekare, Chikaranga chichinzi ndicho chimutauronyina chezera rikurukuru pakati pezvishona zvose, uye ne Chikalanga icho chinehukama nahwo. Rurimi rwechipiri runotaura nepamwe 20% yehuwandu we Vanhu iChindeḅele rwunotaurwawo zvakare muZimbabwe nevanhu veMatabele. Ava vanhu vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyi apo veChishona vanga vatodzika midzi, avo VeMatabele vakabva kuAfurika Chamhembe sechikamu cheMazulu vachitiza Mambo Shaka Zulu. Asi nhasi, Vandeḅele vanosanganisa Vakaranga-Vakalanga, Vasutu, Vashangani nevamwe wo, nekuda kwekuti Mambo Mzilikazi vakaumba Mthwakazi (Umambo we Mandeḅele) vachisanganisa vanhu vavakawana vari muZimbabwe uye nevakabviwanawo kuAfurika Chamhembe.

Zvakare kuchamhembe kwenyika iyi kune rwizi rukuru rwunonzi Limpopo, ukuwo kumawodzanyemba kunezve rumwe rwizi rukuru runonzi Zambezi. Nzizi idzi ihuru kwazvo uye dzinodira muGungwa re India.

Kubvira makore 1250 kabanga kuzvika 1629, nzvimbo yavekuzikanwa seZimbabwe iyi yaitongwa neUbwami wa Mutapa (Mutapa Empire), vachizikanwazve sekuti Mwenemutapa. Nzvimbo iyoyi yaive nemukurumbira chaizvo panyaya dzendarama (kana goridhe), iro raifambiswa nevanhu vechiArabhu. Zvakadaro, veChiputukezi vakauya ndokuparadza hurongwa ihwohwo nokukasira, zvikasiya Monomatapa iri panguva yekusaziva zvekuita. Gore ra1834 veMatabele, ava vanga vakuzviti maNdebele, vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyoyi yamadzimambo Mutapa. Vakasvika nechekuchamhemhembechemadokero kwenzvimbo yamadzimambo Mutapa. Tambo taura pamusoro kuti vanhu ava vakange vari kutiza kubva kunamambo wavowo Shaka ainge arikudya marasha chamhembe ikoko. VechiNdebele ava vaitungamirwawo namambo wavo Lobengula. Nzvimbo yavakagara iyi yaizozikanwa seMatabeleland munguva yaizotevera kusanginisira zvino uno.

Nyika ye Zimbabwe yakawana kuzvitonga mugore ra1980, apo bato reZanu-PF raRobert Gabriel Mugabe rakavhoterwa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Mureza weBhiritani wakadzikiswa musi wa18 April 1980, mureza weZimbabwe ukasimudzwa. VaMugabe vakatonga nyika iyi kwemakore anopotsa makumi mana. Mushure mekudaro, mutevedzeri wavo Emmerson Mnangagwa akatora chinzvimbo chazvo mushure mekunge va Mugabe vamanikidzwa kuti vasiye basa. Emmerson Mnangagwa uyu haana kuzvitorera chigaro ega, akabatsirwa nemauto uyezve aiva nerubatsiro rwebato raitonga rinova Zanu PF. Iri ndiro bato richirikutonga munyika ye Zimbabwe zuva ranhasi. Emmeson Mnangagwa akatpinda pachigaro mugore ra 2017 mumwedzi waMbudzi, netarisiro yekuti gore raitevera paitwe sarudzo yekutsvaga mutungamiri wenyika anodiwa nevanhu. Ruzhinji rwakamusarudza zvakare asi pakaita mutauro nemutungamiriri webato rinopikisa MDC rinotungamirirwa na VaNelson Chamisa.

Nyaya iyi yakanetsa ikatozoenda kudare redzimhosva rinoona nenyaya dzebumbiro remitemo. Nyaya yaVaChamisa yekupikisa zvakabuda musarudzo yakaonekwa nedare isina humbowo, dare rikati Emmeson Mnangawa ndiye akasarudzwa neruzhinji.

Kupiwa kwe Zita

Republic of Zimbabwe kuChirungu inokwanisa kuturikirwa kuchinzi Nyika yeRuzhinji rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeRudhende rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeMukumbi weZimbabwe.

• Republicanism yoturikirwa kuchinzi chinyaruzhinji, chinyarudhende kana chinyamukumbi.

Matongerwo eNyika

Administrative divisions of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe inyika yakapatsanurwa kuva nematunhu makuru masere nemaguta mairi anotarisirwa sematunhu mukuva kwawo. Dunhu rese rine guta guru imo munoitirwa mabhizimusi ehurumende.

Dunhu Guru	Guta Guru
Bulawayo Province	koBulawayo
Harare Province	Harare
Manicaland	Mutare
Mashonaland Central	Bindura
Mashonaland East	Marondera
Mashonaland West	Chinhoyi
Masvingo	Masvingo
Matabeleland North	Lupane
Matabeleland South	Gwanda
Midlands	Gweru

Mazita ematunhu akagadzirwa kubva mumazita eMashonaland neMatabeleland iwo akagadzirwa nevarungu munguva yekutongwa neBhritani. Mashonaland ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yatanga kugarwa neBritish South Africa Company Pioneer Column uko Matabeleland yaiva nzvimbo yakatorwa mukupera kweHondo yekutanga yemaMatabele (First Matabele War). Nzvimbo idzi dzinotevedzawo nyika dzaigarwa nemaShona nemaNdebele varungu vasati vauya, zvisinei kuti izvozvi kunoita kusangana kwevanhu mumatunhu aya. Dunhu rese rinotongwa naProvincial Governor, uyu anosarudzwa nemutangimiri wenyika yeZimbabwe. Hurumende yematunhu inotungamirwa naiye Provincial Administrator, uyu anosarudzwa nePublic Service Commission. Zvimwewo zvinhu zvinoitwa nehurumende yenyika mumatunhu zvinoitwa nemahofisi emapoka ehurumende yenyika.

Zimbabwe paDandira reMbariro neNhungo dzeTaranyika

Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwembariro 20^oS neNhungo 30^oE. Zimbabwe iri pakati peMutsazanisi neTropic of Capricon, inova nzvimbo iri mudunhu reTropics rinowana murazvo wezuva zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dziri muTropics dzinodziya nguva zhinji, kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dziri kunze kweTropics. Zvakadaro tinoda kuonesana kuti nyika yeZimbabwe inotonhorera zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri mudunhu reTropics. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti chikamu cheZimbabwe chiri panzvimbo yakakwirira inonzi duvurwi (plateau). Nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza (altitude) huri pamusoro dzinotonhorera pane nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza huri pasi.

Hezvinoi zviringani zveTaranyika zvemaguta ari muZimbabwe:

• Harare iri parumbariro nemutambariko 17^o43'S; 31^o02'E

• Bulawayo iri parumbariro nemutambariko 20^o07'S; 28^o32'E

• Mutare iri parumbariro nemutambariko 18^o58'S; 32^o38'E

• Gweru iri parumbariro nemutambariko 19^o28'S; 29^o45'E

• Masvingo iri parumbariro nemutambariko 18^o0'S; 27^o0'E

• Victoria Falls iri parumbariro nemutambariko 17^o58'S; 25^o52'E

Utemabanze we Rudhende rweVuarabhu rweSaharawi • Somarirandi	Mavuso anozivikanwa zvishoma
(Speini) Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla • (Putugaro) Madeira • (Furanzi) Mayotte / Réunion • (United Kingdom) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha • Sahara ye Madokero	Zvisi ne Materitori ekunze