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Katherine J Wright
  • Southampton, United Kingdom
The short-lived reign of the Emperor Julian from 361 to 363 marks the last great attempt by the pagan faction within the Roman elite to rescue their ancient faith and restore it to primacy in the face of the Christian opposition. As a... more
The short-lived reign of the Emperor Julian from 361 to 363 marks the last great attempt by the pagan faction within the Roman elite to rescue their ancient faith and restore it to primacy in the face of the Christian opposition. As a dramatic and religiously significant episode in the history of the late Roman Empire, it has been the subject of much polemic from Christian authors both contemporary and mediaeval. This paper analyses the impressive surviving collection of Julian's own writings, as well as those of his friend and correspondent Libanius and his Christian former co-student and implacable opponent Gregory of Nazianzus, to dispel the distorted image provided by these accounts and instead arrive at a balanced and holistic view of Julian's religious philosophy and the policies by which he attempted to promote it.
The expulsion of the Moriscos (ex-Muslim converts to Christianity) from Spain in 1609-14 is a traumatic event in the wider tumult of the late 16 th and early 17 th Centuries. It represents part of the Spanish elite's attempts to redefine... more
The expulsion of the Moriscos (ex-Muslim converts to Christianity) from Spain in 1609-14 is a traumatic event in the wider tumult of the late 16 th and early 17 th Centuries. It represents part of the Spanish elite's attempts to redefine what it meant to be Spanish in an era when modern European identities were coalescing. Despite the Moriscos' important economic and social role within Spain at this, the beginning of its decline, Philip III and his Council took the decision to engage in an ethnic cleansing of this population from Spanish territory. This paper looks at the motivations behind this ultimately damaging decision, including the complex religious and cultural prejudices inherent in Spanish society of the time which form the background to the expulsions, as well as the more immediate strategic concerns and personal political manoeuvrings which ultimately tipped the balance. This inquiry is also relevant to the wider problems of cultural and religious intolerance, both in the period itself and in modern contexts.