Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have b... more Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have been developed. In recent years people have favoured laser scanning as a method for recording standing buildings as it can sweep through a building quickly and with good detail. In this paper we suggest that this cannot be the end of the story. We now have a range of 3D imaging techniques for recording buildings and we need to look at the where the process of interpretation lies. We can suggest that even though a slower task, a total station survey can be a good alternative. The nature of total station survey encourages onsite understanding and interpretation, producing a detailed knowledge of the building and how it worked. The speed of laser scanning is its benefit, but it reduces interpretation to a very passive view on a computer. Interpreting onsite encourages engagement with the results and can ensure the appropriate level of detail is recorded. There is also room for a more tactile approach to the materials. Here we present a large scale building survey undertaken at Bodiam Castle over three seasons of work. We show how viewing the building at different times of day, in different seasons and from continual movement around the site has allowed for a greater understanding of the structure and fabric of the building.
The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor... more The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor, used for both truncated archaeological remains and for full height multi storey buildings. The plan form, so beloved by archaeologists, should however be considered a shorthand for standing buildings, a ‘map’ for orientation and a very abbreviated view of the layout. We also interpret them for activities within the building and the effectiveness of this can be variable, particularly when we are trying to read a more experiential history from the evidence. These traditional techniques are not produced objectively, but are the results of constant decision making so what do we project onto these plans from our own lives about the people who lived in these buildings? And what are we missing with them? The need for more detailed recording has been discussed in the past, but perhaps we should revisit this argument in the light of the vastly increased 3d recording and representation opportunities with modern technology. We can now produce full height elevations as easily as plans and for timber frame buildings these are invaluable. But are we simply producing elevations to be used like plans for form and function arguments? Can we use the ability to record increased detail and the new forms of data in more imaginative ways with a greater awareness of the ‘lived experience’ of occupants of historic buildings? Among other examples, I will look at Chawton House in Hampshire where a student survey project has highlighted the historic problem of creating plans of a difficult building.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of near- continuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed part of an enclosure. A significant assemblage of non-local worked stone attests to long distance exchange, and the possibility of a nearby farmstead. Medieval activity was represented by pits, ditches and stakeholes, with some evidence of an enclosure or structure associated with grain drying. Later land divisions and a WWII radio communication station dominated more recent use of the site.
In: Malloy, T. Bronze Age Funerary and Later Prehistoric Activity at Badminston Farm, Fawley, Hampshire, 12-13. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club Archaeological Society, 76, 1-34.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of nearcontinuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed part of an enclosure. A significant assemblage of non-local worked stone attests to long distance exchange, and the possibility of a nearby farmstead. Medieval activity was represented by pits, ditches and stakeholes, with some evidence of an enclosure or structure associated with grain drying. Later land divisions and a WWII radio communication station dominated more recent use of the site.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of near- continuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed pa...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2006
... Part 1: The Region and the State Introduction (David Peacock and Lucy Blue); Regional survey ... more ... Part 1: The Region and the State Introduction (David Peacock and Lucy Blue); Regional survey (David Peacock et al); Site survey (Graeme Earl and Darren Glazier); The sedimentary history of the harbour area (Lucy Blue); Part 2: The Excavations Overview (David Peacock and ...
This chapter reports on pollen and stratigraphic analysis of multiple soil cores extracted from t... more This chapter reports on pollen and stratigraphic analysis of multiple soil cores extracted from the landscape in and around Bodiam Castle. Over the last six thousand years, the Bodiam landscape has shifted from wet alder carr fen woodland to seasonal floodplain. The critical changes occurred during the Bronze Age, when deforestation by local communities to create fields for arable agriculture led to significant erosion and alluvial sedimentation. As a result, the river channel deepened and widened, the wetland expanded, springs developed, and the river Rother began to regularly flood its banks. These alterations set the stage for the development of the Roman and medieval harbours, and later, for the excavation of the moat and watery landscape in which Bodiam Castle is set. The landscape and ecology of Bodiam’s position between the floodplain and the Weald has been critical to understanding its place through millennia of interaction between human life and agricultural practices.
The Parnassus Project was set up in 2010 as a multidisciplinary approach to the effects of extrem... more The Parnassus Project was set up in 2010 as a multidisciplinary approach to the effects of extreme weather on cultural heritage involving the Engineering, Hydrography and Archaeology departments at the British Universities of Bath (now moved to UCL), Bristol and Southampton respectively. As the project nears completion, this paper is an investigation into the collaboration dedicated to preserving cultural heritage in the future. The project members from engineering and archaeology have worked closely together, collecting data, using and developing a range of technologies from each discipline to analyse buildings. Buildings are three dimensional environments and assessing the effects of climate change has to reflect this. The pooling of knowledge and equipment has led to the use of a wider range of technologies than would be in use by either discipline alone. Those technologies includes total station survey on buildings using AutoCAD and TheoLt to consider stability and proximity to water and 3D AutoCAD models in AutoDesk’s Algor structural analysis software to model structural integrity during increased flood risks, remote climate monitoring on/in the walls of chosen buildings together with electrical resistance tomography (ERT) on the walls to look at difference of structure, water and temperature on the outside and inside of walls for the impact of driving rain and freeze-thaw action and finally laboratory based weathering tests analysed using laser scanning and photogrammetry to quantify damage. This paper assesses the results of the collaboration from the perspective of each task and gives an overview of the results to demonstrate the possibilities and benefits of the interdisciplinary mixing of ideas, the aims of the project and technologies involved.
Churches and occasionally their fittings have been presented at VAG in the light of carpentry tec... more Churches and occasionally their fittings have been presented at VAG in the light of carpentry techniques and their connections with vernacular architecture. In this paper we would like to explore the relationship between church pews and the vernacular houses of the majority of the parishioners. Nowadays in England we have a tendency to think of ecclesiastical design as being substantially different to secular, principally because of the separate spiritual and corporeal functions of the buildings, but was this difference visible to the post-Reformation congregation? We will be looking at how church furniture may have constrained or made sense not only of the parishioners’ religious world but also that of their social, vernacular existence. In particular we will examine the introduction of box and bench pews and the increasing use of gallery pew space in the long 18th century. Both types of pews were allocated to particular houses, and rented by the inhabiting families. Thus, they ref...
The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor... more The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor, used for both truncated archaeological remains and for full height multi storey buildings. The plan form, so beloved by archaeologists, should however be considered a shorthand for standing buildings, a ‘map’ for orientation and a very abbreviated view of the layout. We also interpret them for activities within the building and the effectiveness of this can be variable, particularly when we are trying to read a more experiential history from the evidence. These traditional techniques are not produced objectively, but are the results of constant decision making so what do we project onto these plans from our own lives about the people who lived in these buildings? And what are we missing with them? The need for more detailed recording has been discussed in the past, but perhaps we should revisit this argument in the light of the vastly increased 3d recording and representation opportuni...
34 ince March 2010 a geophysical and topographic archaeological survey, combined with a new build... more 34 ince March 2010 a geophysical and topographic archaeological survey, combined with a new building survey, of Bodiam Castle and its environs has been conducted by staff, undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Southampton in the UK and North Western University in the USA. The project is being conducted to investigate the nature and extent of buried archaeological material at the site, and to provide the National Trust with a new plan of the archaeological features located during the survey.
Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have b... more Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have been developed. In recent years people have favoured laser scanning as a method for recording standing buildings as it can sweep through a building quickly and with good detail. In this paper we suggest that this cannot be the end of the story. We now have a range of 3D imaging techniques for recording buildings and we need to look at the where the process of interpretation lies. We can suggest that even though a slower task, a total station survey can be a good alternative. The nature of total station survey encourages onsite understanding and interpretation, producing a detailed knowledge of the building and how it worked. The speed of laser scanning is its benefit, but it reduces interpretation to a very passive view on a computer. Interpreting onsite encourages engagement with the results and can ensure the appropriate level of detail is recorded. There is also room for a more tactile...
Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have b... more Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have been developed. In recent years people have favoured laser scanning as a method for recording standing buildings as it can sweep through a building quickly and with good detail. In this paper we suggest that this cannot be the end of the story. We now have a range of 3D imaging techniques for recording buildings and we need to look at the where the process of interpretation lies. We can suggest that even though a slower task, a total station survey can be a good alternative. The nature of total station survey encourages onsite understanding and interpretation, producing a detailed knowledge of the building and how it worked. The speed of laser scanning is its benefit, but it reduces interpretation to a very passive view on a computer. Interpreting onsite encourages engagement with the results and can ensure the appropriate level of detail is recorded. There is also room for a more tactile approach to the materials. Here we present a large scale building survey undertaken at Bodiam Castle over three seasons of work. We show how viewing the building at different times of day, in different seasons and from continual movement around the site has allowed for a greater understanding of the structure and fabric of the building.
The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor... more The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor, used for both truncated archaeological remains and for full height multi storey buildings. The plan form, so beloved by archaeologists, should however be considered a shorthand for standing buildings, a ‘map’ for orientation and a very abbreviated view of the layout. We also interpret them for activities within the building and the effectiveness of this can be variable, particularly when we are trying to read a more experiential history from the evidence. These traditional techniques are not produced objectively, but are the results of constant decision making so what do we project onto these plans from our own lives about the people who lived in these buildings? And what are we missing with them? The need for more detailed recording has been discussed in the past, but perhaps we should revisit this argument in the light of the vastly increased 3d recording and representation opportunities with modern technology. We can now produce full height elevations as easily as plans and for timber frame buildings these are invaluable. But are we simply producing elevations to be used like plans for form and function arguments? Can we use the ability to record increased detail and the new forms of data in more imaginative ways with a greater awareness of the ‘lived experience’ of occupants of historic buildings? Among other examples, I will look at Chawton House in Hampshire where a student survey project has highlighted the historic problem of creating plans of a difficult building.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of near- continuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed part of an enclosure. A significant assemblage of non-local worked stone attests to long distance exchange, and the possibility of a nearby farmstead. Medieval activity was represented by pits, ditches and stakeholes, with some evidence of an enclosure or structure associated with grain drying. Later land divisions and a WWII radio communication station dominated more recent use of the site.
In: Malloy, T. Bronze Age Funerary and Later Prehistoric Activity at Badminston Farm, Fawley, Hampshire, 12-13. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club Archaeological Society, 76, 1-34.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of nearcontinuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed part of an enclosure. A significant assemblage of non-local worked stone attests to long distance exchange, and the possibility of a nearby farmstead. Medieval activity was represented by pits, ditches and stakeholes, with some evidence of an enclosure or structure associated with grain drying. Later land divisions and a WWII radio communication station dominated more recent use of the site.
Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 ... more Archaeological excavations were undertaken by Southern Archaeological Services Ltd. between 1999 and 2010 at Badminston Farm, Fawley, on the eastern edge of the New Forest, adjacent to Southampton Water. The excavations identified evidence of near- continuous human activity from the early prehistoric period to the present day. Mesolithic activity was followed by Early Bronze Age pits, containing 'placed' flint assemblages. Evidence of Bronze Age funerary activity included deflated barrows/ring ditches, and associated cremations. Late Bronze Age ceramics were absent but a hoard of 68 Armorican-type socketed axes may have been a votive offering marking the 'ancestral' barrow which would have been visible here. Other Bronze Age evidence included two burnt mounds and an ill-defined structure possibly associated with weaving. Iron Age activity was represented by a number of pits containing domestic pottery, while Late Iron Age and Romano-British ditches may have formed pa...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2006
... Part 1: The Region and the State Introduction (David Peacock and Lucy Blue); Regional survey ... more ... Part 1: The Region and the State Introduction (David Peacock and Lucy Blue); Regional survey (David Peacock et al); Site survey (Graeme Earl and Darren Glazier); The sedimentary history of the harbour area (Lucy Blue); Part 2: The Excavations Overview (David Peacock and ...
This chapter reports on pollen and stratigraphic analysis of multiple soil cores extracted from t... more This chapter reports on pollen and stratigraphic analysis of multiple soil cores extracted from the landscape in and around Bodiam Castle. Over the last six thousand years, the Bodiam landscape has shifted from wet alder carr fen woodland to seasonal floodplain. The critical changes occurred during the Bronze Age, when deforestation by local communities to create fields for arable agriculture led to significant erosion and alluvial sedimentation. As a result, the river channel deepened and widened, the wetland expanded, springs developed, and the river Rother began to regularly flood its banks. These alterations set the stage for the development of the Roman and medieval harbours, and later, for the excavation of the moat and watery landscape in which Bodiam Castle is set. The landscape and ecology of Bodiam’s position between the floodplain and the Weald has been critical to understanding its place through millennia of interaction between human life and agricultural practices.
The Parnassus Project was set up in 2010 as a multidisciplinary approach to the effects of extrem... more The Parnassus Project was set up in 2010 as a multidisciplinary approach to the effects of extreme weather on cultural heritage involving the Engineering, Hydrography and Archaeology departments at the British Universities of Bath (now moved to UCL), Bristol and Southampton respectively. As the project nears completion, this paper is an investigation into the collaboration dedicated to preserving cultural heritage in the future. The project members from engineering and archaeology have worked closely together, collecting data, using and developing a range of technologies from each discipline to analyse buildings. Buildings are three dimensional environments and assessing the effects of climate change has to reflect this. The pooling of knowledge and equipment has led to the use of a wider range of technologies than would be in use by either discipline alone. Those technologies includes total station survey on buildings using AutoCAD and TheoLt to consider stability and proximity to water and 3D AutoCAD models in AutoDesk’s Algor structural analysis software to model structural integrity during increased flood risks, remote climate monitoring on/in the walls of chosen buildings together with electrical resistance tomography (ERT) on the walls to look at difference of structure, water and temperature on the outside and inside of walls for the impact of driving rain and freeze-thaw action and finally laboratory based weathering tests analysed using laser scanning and photogrammetry to quantify damage. This paper assesses the results of the collaboration from the perspective of each task and gives an overview of the results to demonstrate the possibilities and benefits of the interdisciplinary mixing of ideas, the aims of the project and technologies involved.
Churches and occasionally their fittings have been presented at VAG in the light of carpentry tec... more Churches and occasionally their fittings have been presented at VAG in the light of carpentry techniques and their connections with vernacular architecture. In this paper we would like to explore the relationship between church pews and the vernacular houses of the majority of the parishioners. Nowadays in England we have a tendency to think of ecclesiastical design as being substantially different to secular, principally because of the separate spiritual and corporeal functions of the buildings, but was this difference visible to the post-Reformation congregation? We will be looking at how church furniture may have constrained or made sense not only of the parishioners’ religious world but also that of their social, vernacular existence. In particular we will examine the introduction of box and bench pews and the increasing use of gallery pew space in the long 18th century. Both types of pews were allocated to particular houses, and rented by the inhabiting families. Thus, they ref...
The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor... more The most common form of visual representation of a building is through a plan of the ground floor, used for both truncated archaeological remains and for full height multi storey buildings. The plan form, so beloved by archaeologists, should however be considered a shorthand for standing buildings, a ‘map’ for orientation and a very abbreviated view of the layout. We also interpret them for activities within the building and the effectiveness of this can be variable, particularly when we are trying to read a more experiential history from the evidence. These traditional techniques are not produced objectively, but are the results of constant decision making so what do we project onto these plans from our own lives about the people who lived in these buildings? And what are we missing with them? The need for more detailed recording has been discussed in the past, but perhaps we should revisit this argument in the light of the vastly increased 3d recording and representation opportuni...
34 ince March 2010 a geophysical and topographic archaeological survey, combined with a new build... more 34 ince March 2010 a geophysical and topographic archaeological survey, combined with a new building survey, of Bodiam Castle and its environs has been conducted by staff, undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Southampton in the UK and North Western University in the USA. The project is being conducted to investigate the nature and extent of buried archaeological material at the site, and to provide the National Trust with a new plan of the archaeological features located during the survey.
Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have b... more Different types of 3D imaging techniques have been applied to building archaeology as they have been developed. In recent years people have favoured laser scanning as a method for recording standing buildings as it can sweep through a building quickly and with good detail. In this paper we suggest that this cannot be the end of the story. We now have a range of 3D imaging techniques for recording buildings and we need to look at the where the process of interpretation lies. We can suggest that even though a slower task, a total station survey can be a good alternative. The nature of total station survey encourages onsite understanding and interpretation, producing a detailed knowledge of the building and how it worked. The speed of laser scanning is its benefit, but it reduces interpretation to a very passive view on a computer. Interpreting onsite encourages engagement with the results and can ensure the appropriate level of detail is recorded. There is also room for a more tactile...
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