The Lloyd’s Register Foundation (LRF) in collaboration with the University of
Southampton institu... more The Lloyd’s Register Foundation (LRF) in collaboration with the University of Southampton instituted a research collegium in Southampton between 18 July and 11 September 2013. The aim of the research collegium has been to provide an environment where people in their formative post-graduate years can learn and work in a small, mixed discipline group drawn from a global community to develop their skills whilst completing a project on a topic that represents a grand challenge to humankind. The project brief that initiates each project set challenging user requirements to encourage each team to develop an imaginative solution, using individual knowledge and experience, together with learning derived from teaching to form a common element of the early part of the programme. The collegium format provided adequate time for the participants to enhance their knowledge through a structured programme of taught modules which focussed on the advanced technologies, emerging technologies and novel solutions, regulatory and commercial issues, design challenges (such as environmental performance and climate change mitigation and adaptation) and engineering systems integration. Lecturers were drawn from academic research and industry communities to provide a mind-broadening opportunity for participants, whatever their original specialisation. The subject of the 2013 research collegium has been systems underpinning coastal ecocities.
The project brief included: (a) quantification of the environmental challenge; (b) understanding of the geo-political legal-social context; (c) one integrated engineering system for a coastal eco-city; (d) economics and logistics challenges. This volume presents the findings of one of the five groups.
Egypt’s extensive coastlines along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which form almost half of t... more Egypt’s extensive coastlines along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which form almost half of the country’s borders, together with the internal water bodies, namely the River Nile and the lakes, played a significant role in shaping the country’s culture through the ages. The Nile, however, was the most significant factor in the development of the country's civilisation. It served as a dominant artery of life and the country's main highway for millennia; thus, shaping maritime transport in Egypt, and sailing traditions on the river have their roots back in the ancient history of the country. In the 19th century, European travelers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile boats, the thing that made them write about their travels on the Nile. A large number of accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with a large number of photographs was made. However, nothing has been done to categorize and identify these boats, hence, there’s a need for research, to try to categorize different boat typologies in the 19th and 20th centuries, and try to trace the Maritime Sailing Traditions through the ages until modern time.
This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of ... more This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of traditional Nile boats. Photographic and archival material created by 19th and 20th century travellers provides the primary body of evidence for the study, complemented by recent ethnographic fieldwork. Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalogue all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. Since then, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians. The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
The investigation of underwater archaeological sites in Egypt started in the early 19th century. ... more The investigation of underwater archaeological sites in Egypt started in the early 19th century. Since then numerous discoveries have been made along the Egyptian coastline. However, formal education and training in aspects of underwater cultural heritage only started in 2009 with the establishment of the Centre for Maritime Archaeology & Underwater Cultural Heritage (CMAUCH) within the University of Alexandria. As a result the majority of underwater archaeological projects in Egypt are carried out by foreign archaeological missions, and the contribution of Egyptian maritime archaeologists to the exploration, preservation and presentation of underwater cultural heritage is still quite limited. Hence, this paper will look at capacity building in aspects of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, its development and the obstacles it is facing. It will also shed light on the role different stakeholders are paying in capacity building and the nature of the different education and training schemes.
In August 1968, the late pioneer Oceanographer Professor Anwar Abdel Aleem discovered a the remai... more In August 1968, the late pioneer Oceanographer Professor Anwar Abdel Aleem discovered a the remains of an ancient shipwreck in Marsa Bagoush, 50 kilometers east of Marsa Matrouh. As a none-archaeologist he dated the ship wreck based on the types of its cargo to the Greco-Roman period. He published a short note about his discovery in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Marsa Bagoush was known in ancient times by the name Zygris. In addition, The geographer Potolemy Claudius (first century A.D) mentioned it as one of the ports that one located east to Marsa Matrouh (Praetonium). Marsa Bagoush is now the location for the annual summer camp of Alexandria University .The small bay is well protected by a rocky headland that projects from its eastern end and by a series of submerged reefs that reduces wave action inside the bay. This made the place a suitable anchorage for ships in ancient times. However, the existence of submerged reefs close to the surface represents a hazard for ships entering the bay, particularly during bad weather. In July 2015, the Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage – Faculty of Arts – Alexandria University, in collaboration with the Department of Underwater Archaeology - Ministry of Antiquities, conducted the first underwater archaeological survey in the area of Marsa Bagoush c. 250km west of Alexandria. It is the first All-Egyptian underwater archaeology mission to be conducted by an Egyptian University in Egypt since the introduction of underwater archaeology by the late Honor Frost in the early 1960’s. A number of significant underwater remains were discovered and recorded including evidence for at least four ancient and historic shipwrecks (Hellenistic, Early Roman, Islamic and pre-modern era). In 2016, and with the generous fund of the Honor Frost Foundation the CMA Alexandria started its second season of underwater survey and systematically recording the remains in situ by using 3D photogrammetry, this presentation will outline the research targets, methodology, challenges and results.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days... more The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilization. During the riverine transportation history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. From the early depictions of sailboats, Egyptian boat have gone through a massive reconfiguration that changed its shape, building materials, and rigging techniques. This paper is focused on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The paper is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will focus only on one type of boat known as Gayassa or Qayassa which was the most used type of boats on the Nile during the study period. This poster will aim at presenting the early development of this types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study. During the last three years the researcher have been examining the available photographic and archival sources that document the riverine sailing traditions on the Nile from the late Ottoman period until the 21st century. During the early phases of research, a substantial change have occurred in the shape of the cargo boats on the Nile, which leaded to a more focused analysis of the changes occurred to one type of boats.
For centuries, hundreds of sail boats from different shapes and sizes used to sail the Nile all y... more For centuries, hundreds of sail boats from different shapes and sizes used to sail the Nile all year long. On the other hand, hundreds of photographs have been taken in the last two centuries of various sailing boats in Egypt, besides the fact that there is a corpus of western travellers' writings about Egypt in the last two centuries, nevertheless, so far, there has been no attempts to utilize these resources in order to establish a database of the types of traditional sailing boats, or to record their features and characteristics. This poster will highlight the different typologies, shapes, and usage of different Nile Sailboats in Egypt during the 19th and 20th centuries. This poster was presented at the IKUWA 6 conference in Western Australia 2016
This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of ... more This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of traditional Nile boats. Photographic and archival material created by 19th and 20th century travellers provides the primary body of evidence for the study, complemented by recent ethnographic fieldwork. Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809, since the, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians. The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
Ship burials in Ancient Egypt
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population... more Ship burials in Ancient Egypt
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. Egyptians adopted Neolithic lifeways (approximately 5500 BC), they continued their reliance on boats and ships to utilise the resources of the Nile. The richness of Ancient Egyptian civilization was demonstrated in representations of many different types of vessels, and models of ships and boats and the people who used them. This lecture will discuss different types of ship burials in Ancient Egypt, and will shed some light on the latest archaeological discoveries in the field.
TradEGY
Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introduci... more TradEGY Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introducing the idea of the project, outline the context and background, presenting results of the preliminary fieldwork, discussing the methodology and results of the second fieldwork, discussing the future work.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days... more The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. From the early depictions of sailboats, Egyptian boat have gone through a massive reconfigurations that changed its shape, building materials, and rigging techniques. This paper will focus on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The presentation is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will aim at presenting the early development of the different types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study. The researcher will present different resources of information, different methodologies, and the future of the research. The paper will also investigate the surrounding social, economic and environmental aspects that affected the evolution of these boats, and theories about the extinction of wooden sailboats on the Nile.
The talk was part of the UNESCO Roundtable at the Western Australia Museum, during the IKUWA 6 Co... more The talk was part of the UNESCO Roundtable at the Western Australia Museum, during the IKUWA 6 Conference 2016. The roundtable debates the status of underwater cultural heritage protection and research worldwide, as well as the situation of the discipline of underwater archaeology today. Speakers will address overall site protection and management issues, challenges posed by industrial works as well as by pillage and exploitation, the status of legal protection and progress in the implementation of the UNESCO 2001 Convention, and finally the general needs and trends in their regions. The roundtable discussion will then seek to indicate solutions for the identified challenges, in order to report the opinions of the professionals at the governmental level during the upcoming Meeting of States Parties to the 2001 Convention.
This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, ... more This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Empha- sis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training, governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper are country-specific and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communi- ties. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archae- ology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and fund- ing, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.
This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean
countries, ... more This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Emphasis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training, governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper are country-specifc and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communities. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archaeology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and funding, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.
The Lloyd’s Register Foundation (LRF) in collaboration with the University of
Southampton institu... more The Lloyd’s Register Foundation (LRF) in collaboration with the University of Southampton instituted a research collegium in Southampton between 18 July and 11 September 2013. The aim of the research collegium has been to provide an environment where people in their formative post-graduate years can learn and work in a small, mixed discipline group drawn from a global community to develop their skills whilst completing a project on a topic that represents a grand challenge to humankind. The project brief that initiates each project set challenging user requirements to encourage each team to develop an imaginative solution, using individual knowledge and experience, together with learning derived from teaching to form a common element of the early part of the programme. The collegium format provided adequate time for the participants to enhance their knowledge through a structured programme of taught modules which focussed on the advanced technologies, emerging technologies and novel solutions, regulatory and commercial issues, design challenges (such as environmental performance and climate change mitigation and adaptation) and engineering systems integration. Lecturers were drawn from academic research and industry communities to provide a mind-broadening opportunity for participants, whatever their original specialisation. The subject of the 2013 research collegium has been systems underpinning coastal ecocities.
The project brief included: (a) quantification of the environmental challenge; (b) understanding of the geo-political legal-social context; (c) one integrated engineering system for a coastal eco-city; (d) economics and logistics challenges. This volume presents the findings of one of the five groups.
Egypt’s extensive coastlines along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which form almost half of t... more Egypt’s extensive coastlines along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which form almost half of the country’s borders, together with the internal water bodies, namely the River Nile and the lakes, played a significant role in shaping the country’s culture through the ages. The Nile, however, was the most significant factor in the development of the country's civilisation. It served as a dominant artery of life and the country's main highway for millennia; thus, shaping maritime transport in Egypt, and sailing traditions on the river have their roots back in the ancient history of the country. In the 19th century, European travelers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile boats, the thing that made them write about their travels on the Nile. A large number of accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with a large number of photographs was made. However, nothing has been done to categorize and identify these boats, hence, there’s a need for research, to try to categorize different boat typologies in the 19th and 20th centuries, and try to trace the Maritime Sailing Traditions through the ages until modern time.
This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of ... more This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of traditional Nile boats. Photographic and archival material created by 19th and 20th century travellers provides the primary body of evidence for the study, complemented by recent ethnographic fieldwork. Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalogue all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. Since then, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians. The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
The investigation of underwater archaeological sites in Egypt started in the early 19th century. ... more The investigation of underwater archaeological sites in Egypt started in the early 19th century. Since then numerous discoveries have been made along the Egyptian coastline. However, formal education and training in aspects of underwater cultural heritage only started in 2009 with the establishment of the Centre for Maritime Archaeology & Underwater Cultural Heritage (CMAUCH) within the University of Alexandria. As a result the majority of underwater archaeological projects in Egypt are carried out by foreign archaeological missions, and the contribution of Egyptian maritime archaeologists to the exploration, preservation and presentation of underwater cultural heritage is still quite limited. Hence, this paper will look at capacity building in aspects of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, its development and the obstacles it is facing. It will also shed light on the role different stakeholders are paying in capacity building and the nature of the different education and training schemes.
In August 1968, the late pioneer Oceanographer Professor Anwar Abdel Aleem discovered a the remai... more In August 1968, the late pioneer Oceanographer Professor Anwar Abdel Aleem discovered a the remains of an ancient shipwreck in Marsa Bagoush, 50 kilometers east of Marsa Matrouh. As a none-archaeologist he dated the ship wreck based on the types of its cargo to the Greco-Roman period. He published a short note about his discovery in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Marsa Bagoush was known in ancient times by the name Zygris. In addition, The geographer Potolemy Claudius (first century A.D) mentioned it as one of the ports that one located east to Marsa Matrouh (Praetonium). Marsa Bagoush is now the location for the annual summer camp of Alexandria University .The small bay is well protected by a rocky headland that projects from its eastern end and by a series of submerged reefs that reduces wave action inside the bay. This made the place a suitable anchorage for ships in ancient times. However, the existence of submerged reefs close to the surface represents a hazard for ships entering the bay, particularly during bad weather. In July 2015, the Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage – Faculty of Arts – Alexandria University, in collaboration with the Department of Underwater Archaeology - Ministry of Antiquities, conducted the first underwater archaeological survey in the area of Marsa Bagoush c. 250km west of Alexandria. It is the first All-Egyptian underwater archaeology mission to be conducted by an Egyptian University in Egypt since the introduction of underwater archaeology by the late Honor Frost in the early 1960’s. A number of significant underwater remains were discovered and recorded including evidence for at least four ancient and historic shipwrecks (Hellenistic, Early Roman, Islamic and pre-modern era). In 2016, and with the generous fund of the Honor Frost Foundation the CMA Alexandria started its second season of underwater survey and systematically recording the remains in situ by using 3D photogrammetry, this presentation will outline the research targets, methodology, challenges and results.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days... more The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilization. During the riverine transportation history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. From the early depictions of sailboats, Egyptian boat have gone through a massive reconfiguration that changed its shape, building materials, and rigging techniques. This paper is focused on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The paper is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will focus only on one type of boat known as Gayassa or Qayassa which was the most used type of boats on the Nile during the study period. This poster will aim at presenting the early development of this types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study. During the last three years the researcher have been examining the available photographic and archival sources that document the riverine sailing traditions on the Nile from the late Ottoman period until the 21st century. During the early phases of research, a substantial change have occurred in the shape of the cargo boats on the Nile, which leaded to a more focused analysis of the changes occurred to one type of boats.
For centuries, hundreds of sail boats from different shapes and sizes used to sail the Nile all y... more For centuries, hundreds of sail boats from different shapes and sizes used to sail the Nile all year long. On the other hand, hundreds of photographs have been taken in the last two centuries of various sailing boats in Egypt, besides the fact that there is a corpus of western travellers' writings about Egypt in the last two centuries, nevertheless, so far, there has been no attempts to utilize these resources in order to establish a database of the types of traditional sailing boats, or to record their features and characteristics. This poster will highlight the different typologies, shapes, and usage of different Nile Sailboats in Egypt during the 19th and 20th centuries. This poster was presented at the IKUWA 6 conference in Western Australia 2016
This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of ... more This paper presents the findings of current research investigating the typology and evolution of traditional Nile boats. Photographic and archival material created by 19th and 20th century travellers provides the primary body of evidence for the study, complemented by recent ethnographic fieldwork. Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809, since the, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians. The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
Ship burials in Ancient Egypt
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population... more Ship burials in Ancient Egypt
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. Egyptians adopted Neolithic lifeways (approximately 5500 BC), they continued their reliance on boats and ships to utilise the resources of the Nile. The richness of Ancient Egyptian civilization was demonstrated in representations of many different types of vessels, and models of ships and boats and the people who used them. This lecture will discuss different types of ship burials in Ancient Egypt, and will shed some light on the latest archaeological discoveries in the field.
TradEGY
Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introduci... more TradEGY Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introducing the idea of the project, outline the context and background, presenting results of the preliminary fieldwork, discussing the methodology and results of the second fieldwork, discussing the future work.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days... more The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. From the early depictions of sailboats, Egyptian boat have gone through a massive reconfigurations that changed its shape, building materials, and rigging techniques. This paper will focus on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The presentation is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will aim at presenting the early development of the different types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study. The researcher will present different resources of information, different methodologies, and the future of the research. The paper will also investigate the surrounding social, economic and environmental aspects that affected the evolution of these boats, and theories about the extinction of wooden sailboats on the Nile.
The talk was part of the UNESCO Roundtable at the Western Australia Museum, during the IKUWA 6 Co... more The talk was part of the UNESCO Roundtable at the Western Australia Museum, during the IKUWA 6 Conference 2016. The roundtable debates the status of underwater cultural heritage protection and research worldwide, as well as the situation of the discipline of underwater archaeology today. Speakers will address overall site protection and management issues, challenges posed by industrial works as well as by pillage and exploitation, the status of legal protection and progress in the implementation of the UNESCO 2001 Convention, and finally the general needs and trends in their regions. The roundtable discussion will then seek to indicate solutions for the identified challenges, in order to report the opinions of the professionals at the governmental level during the upcoming Meeting of States Parties to the 2001 Convention.
This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, ... more This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Empha- sis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training, governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper are country-specific and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communi- ties. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archae- ology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and fund- ing, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.
This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean
countries, ... more This paper discusses maritime archaeological resources in three eastern Mediterranean countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Emphasis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training, governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper are country-specifc and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communities. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archaeology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and funding, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.
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Southampton instituted a research collegium in Southampton between 18 July and 11
September 2013.
The aim of the research collegium has been to provide an environment where people in
their formative post-graduate years can learn and work in a small, mixed discipline group
drawn from a global community to develop their skills whilst completing a project on a
topic that represents a grand challenge to humankind. The project brief that initiates each
project set challenging user requirements to encourage each team to develop an
imaginative solution, using individual knowledge and experience, together with learning
derived from teaching to form a common element of the early part of the programme.
The collegium format provided adequate time for the participants to enhance their
knowledge through a structured programme of taught modules which focussed on the
advanced technologies, emerging technologies and novel solutions, regulatory and
commercial issues, design challenges (such as environmental performance and climate
change mitigation and adaptation) and engineering systems integration. Lecturers were
drawn from academic research and industry communities to provide a mind-broadening
opportunity for participants, whatever their original specialisation.
The subject of the 2013 research collegium has been systems underpinning coastal ecocities.
The project brief included: (a) quantification of the environmental challenge; (b)
understanding of the geo-political legal-social context; (c) one integrated engineering
system for a coastal eco-city; (d) economics and logistics challenges.
This volume presents the findings of one of the five groups.
Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalogue all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. Since then, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians.
The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
Hence, this paper will look at capacity building in aspects of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, its development and the obstacles it is facing. It will also shed light on the role different stakeholders are paying in capacity building and the nature of the different education and training schemes.
Marsa Bagoush was known in ancient times by the name Zygris. In addition, The geographer Potolemy Claudius (first century A.D) mentioned it as one of the ports that one located east to Marsa Matrouh (Praetonium).
Marsa Bagoush is now the location for the annual summer camp of Alexandria University .The small bay is well protected by a rocky headland that projects from its eastern end and by a series of submerged reefs that reduces wave action inside the bay. This made the place a suitable anchorage for ships in ancient times. However, the existence of submerged reefs close to the surface represents a hazard for ships entering the bay, particularly during bad weather.
In July 2015, the Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage – Faculty of Arts – Alexandria University, in collaboration with the Department of Underwater Archaeology - Ministry of Antiquities, conducted the first underwater archaeological survey in the area of Marsa Bagoush c. 250km west of Alexandria. It is the first All-Egyptian underwater archaeology mission to be conducted by an Egyptian University in Egypt since the introduction of underwater archaeology by the late Honor Frost in the early 1960’s.
A number of significant underwater remains were discovered and recorded including evidence for at least four ancient and historic shipwrecks (Hellenistic, Early Roman, Islamic and pre-modern era).
In 2016, and with the generous fund of the Honor Frost Foundation the CMA Alexandria started its second season of underwater survey and systematically recording the remains in situ by using 3D photogrammetry, this presentation will outline the research targets, methodology, challenges and results.
This paper is focused on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The paper is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will focus only on one type of boat known as Gayassa or Qayassa which was the most used type of boats on the Nile during the study period.
This poster will aim at presenting the early development of this types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study.
During the last three years the researcher have been examining the available photographic and archival sources that document the riverine sailing traditions on the Nile from the late Ottoman period until the 21st century. During the early phases of research, a substantial change have occurred in the shape of the cargo boats on the Nile, which leaded to a more focused analysis of the changes occurred to one type of boats.
This poster was presented at the IKUWA 6 conference in Western Australia 2016
Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809, since the, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians.
The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. Egyptians adopted Neolithic lifeways (approximately 5500 BC), they continued their reliance on boats and ships to utilise the resources of the Nile.
The richness of Ancient Egyptian civilization was demonstrated in representations of many different types of vessels, and models of ships and boats and the people who used them. This lecture will discuss different types of ship burials in Ancient Egypt, and will shed some light on the latest archaeological discoveries in the field.
Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introducing the idea of the project, outline the context and background, presenting results of the preliminary fieldwork, discussing the methodology and results of the second fieldwork, discussing the future work.
This paper will focus on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The presentation is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt.
It will aim at presenting the early development of the different types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study.
The researcher will present different resources of information, different methodologies, and the future of the research.
The paper will also investigate the surrounding social, economic and environmental aspects that affected the evolution of these boats, and theories about the extinction of wooden sailboats on the Nile.
The roundtable debates the status of underwater cultural heritage protection and research worldwide, as well as the situation of the discipline of underwater archaeology today. Speakers will address overall site protection and management issues, challenges posed by industrial works as well as by pillage and exploitation, the status of legal protection and progress in the implementation of the UNESCO 2001 Convention, and finally the general needs and trends in their regions. The roundtable discussion will then seek to indicate solutions for the identified challenges, in order to report the opinions of the professionals at the governmental level during the upcoming Meeting of States Parties to the 2001 Convention.
countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Emphasis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that
can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training,
governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural
and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper
are country-specifc and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors
place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of
local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some
key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally
based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology
programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communities. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon
respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archaeology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and funding, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a
more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.
Southampton instituted a research collegium in Southampton between 18 July and 11
September 2013.
The aim of the research collegium has been to provide an environment where people in
their formative post-graduate years can learn and work in a small, mixed discipline group
drawn from a global community to develop their skills whilst completing a project on a
topic that represents a grand challenge to humankind. The project brief that initiates each
project set challenging user requirements to encourage each team to develop an
imaginative solution, using individual knowledge and experience, together with learning
derived from teaching to form a common element of the early part of the programme.
The collegium format provided adequate time for the participants to enhance their
knowledge through a structured programme of taught modules which focussed on the
advanced technologies, emerging technologies and novel solutions, regulatory and
commercial issues, design challenges (such as environmental performance and climate
change mitigation and adaptation) and engineering systems integration. Lecturers were
drawn from academic research and industry communities to provide a mind-broadening
opportunity for participants, whatever their original specialisation.
The subject of the 2013 research collegium has been systems underpinning coastal ecocities.
The project brief included: (a) quantification of the environmental challenge; (b)
understanding of the geo-political legal-social context; (c) one integrated engineering
system for a coastal eco-city; (d) economics and logistics challenges.
This volume presents the findings of one of the five groups.
Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalogue all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. Since then, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians.
The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
Hence, this paper will look at capacity building in aspects of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, its development and the obstacles it is facing. It will also shed light on the role different stakeholders are paying in capacity building and the nature of the different education and training schemes.
Marsa Bagoush was known in ancient times by the name Zygris. In addition, The geographer Potolemy Claudius (first century A.D) mentioned it as one of the ports that one located east to Marsa Matrouh (Praetonium).
Marsa Bagoush is now the location for the annual summer camp of Alexandria University .The small bay is well protected by a rocky headland that projects from its eastern end and by a series of submerged reefs that reduces wave action inside the bay. This made the place a suitable anchorage for ships in ancient times. However, the existence of submerged reefs close to the surface represents a hazard for ships entering the bay, particularly during bad weather.
In July 2015, the Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage – Faculty of Arts – Alexandria University, in collaboration with the Department of Underwater Archaeology - Ministry of Antiquities, conducted the first underwater archaeological survey in the area of Marsa Bagoush c. 250km west of Alexandria. It is the first All-Egyptian underwater archaeology mission to be conducted by an Egyptian University in Egypt since the introduction of underwater archaeology by the late Honor Frost in the early 1960’s.
A number of significant underwater remains were discovered and recorded including evidence for at least four ancient and historic shipwrecks (Hellenistic, Early Roman, Islamic and pre-modern era).
In 2016, and with the generous fund of the Honor Frost Foundation the CMA Alexandria started its second season of underwater survey and systematically recording the remains in situ by using 3D photogrammetry, this presentation will outline the research targets, methodology, challenges and results.
This paper is focused on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The paper is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt. It will focus only on one type of boat known as Gayassa or Qayassa which was the most used type of boats on the Nile during the study period.
This poster will aim at presenting the early development of this types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study.
During the last three years the researcher have been examining the available photographic and archival sources that document the riverine sailing traditions on the Nile from the late Ottoman period until the 21st century. During the early phases of research, a substantial change have occurred in the shape of the cargo boats on the Nile, which leaded to a more focused analysis of the changes occurred to one type of boats.
This poster was presented at the IKUWA 6 conference in Western Australia 2016
Since the final decades of the 18th century the Nile has attracted a substantial number of Western travellers and explorers. The motivation of those early explorers varied from commercial endeavours, to geographic expeditions searching for the source of the Nile, to pilgrimages to Holy sites in Egypt. The Description de l'Égypte, which was collected and published by the order of Napoleon Bonaparte appearing first in 1809, since the, an Egyptomania-fuelled travelling frenzy hit the Western world, causing hundreds and thousands of travellers and explorers to pour into the Nile valley in search for antiquities. Thousands of books were written about the Egyptian past as well as the manners and customs of modern and ancient Egyptians.
The 19th century also witnessed the invention and of photography by Niépce in 1839, inspiring droves of professional photographers to travel to Egypt in order to capture the charm of the Orient. Western travellers were intrigued by the beauty of Nile and its boats, and responded by creating a mass of textual accounts and descriptions of Nile boats, along with an abundance of photographs. Despite this rich body of evidence however, nothing has been done to study the boats in these records, creating a gap in our knowledge of the archaeology of Nile boatbuilding traditions. This research addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing different boat types in the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing us to trace the maritime sailing traditions of the Nile through the ages.
The Nile was considered to be the highway for trade and population movements since the early days of Egyptian civilisation. During the riverine transportations history of Egypt, a large number of boat types have been used. Egyptians adopted Neolithic lifeways (approximately 5500 BC), they continued their reliance on boats and ships to utilise the resources of the Nile.
The richness of Ancient Egyptian civilization was demonstrated in representations of many different types of vessels, and models of ships and boats and the people who used them. This lecture will discuss different types of ship burials in Ancient Egypt, and will shed some light on the latest archaeological discoveries in the field.
Egyptian Traditional Riverine Tangible and Intangible Heritage Rescue Project
Introducing the idea of the project, outline the context and background, presenting results of the preliminary fieldwork, discussing the methodology and results of the second fieldwork, discussing the future work.
This paper will focus on the final huddle of cargo boats on the Nile. The presentation is part of an HFF funded studentship at the University of Southampton focusing on the boatbuilding traditions from the late 18th century up to modern day Egypt.
It will aim at presenting the early development of the different types of boats, and will trace the evolution of its hull shape, hull material, and rigging techniques during the past 200 years, through the examination and study of photographic evidences and Euro-American writings during the period of the study.
The researcher will present different resources of information, different methodologies, and the future of the research.
The paper will also investigate the surrounding social, economic and environmental aspects that affected the evolution of these boats, and theories about the extinction of wooden sailboats on the Nile.
The roundtable debates the status of underwater cultural heritage protection and research worldwide, as well as the situation of the discipline of underwater archaeology today. Speakers will address overall site protection and management issues, challenges posed by industrial works as well as by pillage and exploitation, the status of legal protection and progress in the implementation of the UNESCO 2001 Convention, and finally the general needs and trends in their regions. The roundtable discussion will then seek to indicate solutions for the identified challenges, in order to report the opinions of the professionals at the governmental level during the upcoming Meeting of States Parties to the 2001 Convention.
countries, where the discipline is relatively young: Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt. Emphasis is given to capacity building, through discussion of good practice and constraints that
can be documented during the last two decades on diverse levels: education and training,
governance, legislation, and public awareness. Although the three countries share cultural
and socio-political backgrounds, the vast majority of the activities described in this paper
are country-specifc and too recent for their impact to be evaluated. Therefore, the authors
place the focus on the processes rather than the results. Through a comparative analysis of
local maritime archaeological histories and contemporary realities, they distinguish some
key factors for the sustainability of maritime archaeological capacity building: locally
based administrative and scholarly institutions, external funding, and public archaeology
programmes to enhance appreciation of the maritime cultural heritage by local communities. It is also demonstrated that wars during 1970s and 1990s, in Cyprus and Lebanon
respectively, have created unfavourable conditions for the development of maritime archaeology, whereas in Egypt emblematic underwater projects, international synergies and funding, as well as locally-based research and educational institutions, seem to have created a
more responsive socio-political landscape for building capacity in maritime archaeology.