Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 1971
Summary The sensitivity of three different preparations of the tympanal organ (“isolated”, “opera... more Summary The sensitivity of three different preparations of the tympanal organ (“isolated”, “operated”, and “intact”, see Fig. 7a–c) has been measured over a wide range of frequencies (Figs. 3 and 6). The sensitivity of the intact ear to low frequency sound depends on the fat content of the animal (Figs. 4 and 5). The effect of diffraction (Fig. 8), the
Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, 2003
Progress in understanding dance communication in honeybees is reviewed. The behaviour of both dan... more Progress in understanding dance communication in honeybees is reviewed. The behaviour of both dancers and follower bees contain flexible and stereotypic elements. The transfer of specific information about direction and distance probably involves more than one sensory modality. The follower bees need to stay behind the dancer (within the angle of wagging) during at least one waggle run in order to perceive the specific information. Within this zone, a small stationary air-flow receiver (like the antenna of a follower bee) experiences a well-defined maximum when the abdomen of the wagging dancer passes by. Within 1 mm from the tip of the abdomen, the maximum may be caused by oscillating flows generated by the wagging motion. At other positions and distances (up to several millimetres from the dancer) the maximum is due to a spatially narrow jet air flow generated by the vibrating wings. The time pattern of these maxima is a function of the angular position of the receiver relative to...
News in physiological sciences : an international journal of physiology produced jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society, 1998
Communication by means of sound is not always easy. Sound suffers much attenuation and degradatio... more Communication by means of sound is not always easy. Sound suffers much attenuation and degradation close to ground. Crickets have adapted to this by exploiting sharply tuned mechanical systems. A coevolution ensures that the calling song of males and the directional hearing of females are tuned to the same frequency.
Directional sound receivers are useful for locating sound sources, and they can also partly compe... more Directional sound receivers are useful for locating sound sources, and they can also partly compensate for the signal degradations caused by noise and reverberations. Ears may become inherently directional if sound can reach both surfaces of the eardrum. Attempts to understand the physics of such pressure difference receiving ears have been hampered by lack of suitable experimental methods. In this review, we review the methods for collecting reliable data on the binaural directional cues at the eardrums, on how the eardrum vibrations depend on the direction of sound incidence, and on how sound waves behave in the air spaces leading to the interior surfaces of eardrums. A linear mathematical model with well-defined inputs is used for exploring how the directionality varies with the binaural directional cues and the amplitude and phase gain of the sound pathway to the inner surface of the eardrum. The mere existence of sound transmission to the inner surface does not ensure a useful ...
... Finally, some observations on the biophysics of the bushcricket ear are presented. The two su... more ... Finally, some observations on the biophysics of the bushcricket ear are presented. The two subsequent papers in this series discuss the gain of the hearing trumpet in bushcrickets (Sey-mour, Lewis, Larsen and Michelsen) and the H-shaped (four-input) auditory system of the ...
1.The vertical movement of different parts of the perch saccular otolith was measured with a lase... more 1.The vertical movement of different parts of the perch saccular otolith was measured with a laser vibrometer during horizontal vibration of the fish back and forth along its long axis. Data were obtained at four different frequencies within the audible range of the fish. Vibration at these frequencies caused very little vertical movement of the skull.2.No vertical oscillations of the
Summary 1.The expected resonance frequencies of the tympanal membrane have been calculated from i... more Summary 1.The expected resonance frequencies of the tympanal membrane have been calculated from its dimensions, mass, and compliance. The thin part of the tympanal membrane may vibrate independently of the entire tympanum. Thus, there are at least two sets of resonances (Fig. 8).2.The two sets of vibrations have been observed by means of laser holography (Figs. 13–15) and measured with a capacitance electrode (Figs. 16–18). The position and amplitude of the vibration patterns, the phase relationships, and the niteraction of the two sets of vibration have been studied. The results are compared with the frequency sensitivity of the four groups of receptor cells.3.The groups of receptor cells are attached to four specialized areas on the tympanum (Fig. 6). The vibrations of these areas of attachment are a maximum at the frequencies of maximum sensitivity in the receptor cells (Figs. 16 and 17). Thus, the frequency discrimination seems to be a purely physical phenomenon, based partly on the presence of the tympanal resonances, and partly on the different positions of the receptor cells on the tympanal membrane.4.The two sets of vibrations have different spatial positions on the tympanum. The centre of the entire-membrane-vibrations is situated in one end of the membrane (Fig. 15), whereas that of the thin-membrane-vibrations is almost at the centre of the tympanum (Fig. 14). The positions of the centers of vibration are, however, not constant (Figs. 13 and 14). Different modes may have somewhat different centre positions, and these positions may change with frequency because of interactions between the two sets of resonances. Therefore, receptor cells attached to different areas on the membrane may pick up different modes of vibration. Also, the receptor cells may almost fail to respond to some modes, if their area of attachment is at a nodal circle of these modes at resonance.
The ear drum was made to vibrate using frequency-modulated sound pulses of 40 ms duration, and th... more The ear drum was made to vibrate using frequency-modulated sound pulses of 40 ms duration, and the vibration velocity of the tip of the mallear handle (umbo) was measured with laser vibrometry before and during stapedius muscle contractions (elicited by sound of 100 dB HL in the contralateral ear). The stapedius reflex caused: an attenuation of the mallear vibrations below 1 kHz, a slight enhancement of the vibrations between 300 Hz and 1,500 Hz. These effects of the stapedius reflex appear to be caused by an increased stiffness in the structures affecting the mallear vibrations.
Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods, 1990
Go to AGRIS search. Transfer of information during honeybee dances, studied by means of a mechani... more Go to AGRIS search. Transfer of information during honeybee dances, studied by means of a mechanical model. ...
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 1971
Summary The sensitivity of three different preparations of the tympanal organ (“isolated”, “opera... more Summary The sensitivity of three different preparations of the tympanal organ (“isolated”, “operated”, and “intact”, see Fig. 7a–c) has been measured over a wide range of frequencies (Figs. 3 and 6). The sensitivity of the intact ear to low frequency sound depends on the fat content of the animal (Figs. 4 and 5). The effect of diffraction (Fig. 8), the
Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, 2003
Progress in understanding dance communication in honeybees is reviewed. The behaviour of both dan... more Progress in understanding dance communication in honeybees is reviewed. The behaviour of both dancers and follower bees contain flexible and stereotypic elements. The transfer of specific information about direction and distance probably involves more than one sensory modality. The follower bees need to stay behind the dancer (within the angle of wagging) during at least one waggle run in order to perceive the specific information. Within this zone, a small stationary air-flow receiver (like the antenna of a follower bee) experiences a well-defined maximum when the abdomen of the wagging dancer passes by. Within 1 mm from the tip of the abdomen, the maximum may be caused by oscillating flows generated by the wagging motion. At other positions and distances (up to several millimetres from the dancer) the maximum is due to a spatially narrow jet air flow generated by the vibrating wings. The time pattern of these maxima is a function of the angular position of the receiver relative to...
News in physiological sciences : an international journal of physiology produced jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society, 1998
Communication by means of sound is not always easy. Sound suffers much attenuation and degradatio... more Communication by means of sound is not always easy. Sound suffers much attenuation and degradation close to ground. Crickets have adapted to this by exploiting sharply tuned mechanical systems. A coevolution ensures that the calling song of males and the directional hearing of females are tuned to the same frequency.
Directional sound receivers are useful for locating sound sources, and they can also partly compe... more Directional sound receivers are useful for locating sound sources, and they can also partly compensate for the signal degradations caused by noise and reverberations. Ears may become inherently directional if sound can reach both surfaces of the eardrum. Attempts to understand the physics of such pressure difference receiving ears have been hampered by lack of suitable experimental methods. In this review, we review the methods for collecting reliable data on the binaural directional cues at the eardrums, on how the eardrum vibrations depend on the direction of sound incidence, and on how sound waves behave in the air spaces leading to the interior surfaces of eardrums. A linear mathematical model with well-defined inputs is used for exploring how the directionality varies with the binaural directional cues and the amplitude and phase gain of the sound pathway to the inner surface of the eardrum. The mere existence of sound transmission to the inner surface does not ensure a useful ...
... Finally, some observations on the biophysics of the bushcricket ear are presented. The two su... more ... Finally, some observations on the biophysics of the bushcricket ear are presented. The two subsequent papers in this series discuss the gain of the hearing trumpet in bushcrickets (Sey-mour, Lewis, Larsen and Michelsen) and the H-shaped (four-input) auditory system of the ...
1.The vertical movement of different parts of the perch saccular otolith was measured with a lase... more 1.The vertical movement of different parts of the perch saccular otolith was measured with a laser vibrometer during horizontal vibration of the fish back and forth along its long axis. Data were obtained at four different frequencies within the audible range of the fish. Vibration at these frequencies caused very little vertical movement of the skull.2.No vertical oscillations of the
Summary 1.The expected resonance frequencies of the tympanal membrane have been calculated from i... more Summary 1.The expected resonance frequencies of the tympanal membrane have been calculated from its dimensions, mass, and compliance. The thin part of the tympanal membrane may vibrate independently of the entire tympanum. Thus, there are at least two sets of resonances (Fig. 8).2.The two sets of vibrations have been observed by means of laser holography (Figs. 13–15) and measured with a capacitance electrode (Figs. 16–18). The position and amplitude of the vibration patterns, the phase relationships, and the niteraction of the two sets of vibration have been studied. The results are compared with the frequency sensitivity of the four groups of receptor cells.3.The groups of receptor cells are attached to four specialized areas on the tympanum (Fig. 6). The vibrations of these areas of attachment are a maximum at the frequencies of maximum sensitivity in the receptor cells (Figs. 16 and 17). Thus, the frequency discrimination seems to be a purely physical phenomenon, based partly on the presence of the tympanal resonances, and partly on the different positions of the receptor cells on the tympanal membrane.4.The two sets of vibrations have different spatial positions on the tympanum. The centre of the entire-membrane-vibrations is situated in one end of the membrane (Fig. 15), whereas that of the thin-membrane-vibrations is almost at the centre of the tympanum (Fig. 14). The positions of the centers of vibration are, however, not constant (Figs. 13 and 14). Different modes may have somewhat different centre positions, and these positions may change with frequency because of interactions between the two sets of resonances. Therefore, receptor cells attached to different areas on the membrane may pick up different modes of vibration. Also, the receptor cells may almost fail to respond to some modes, if their area of attachment is at a nodal circle of these modes at resonance.
The ear drum was made to vibrate using frequency-modulated sound pulses of 40 ms duration, and th... more The ear drum was made to vibrate using frequency-modulated sound pulses of 40 ms duration, and the vibration velocity of the tip of the mallear handle (umbo) was measured with laser vibrometry before and during stapedius muscle contractions (elicited by sound of 100 dB HL in the contralateral ear). The stapedius reflex caused: an attenuation of the mallear vibrations below 1 kHz, a slight enhancement of the vibrations between 300 Hz and 1,500 Hz. These effects of the stapedius reflex appear to be caused by an increased stiffness in the structures affecting the mallear vibrations.
Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods, 1990
Go to AGRIS search. Transfer of information during honeybee dances, studied by means of a mechani... more Go to AGRIS search. Transfer of information during honeybee dances, studied by means of a mechanical model. ...
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