CHEMISTRY

Three new neutral di-ferrocenyl-ethynylpyridinyl copper complexes, [L2(CuCl)2(PPh3)2] (), [L2(CuBr)2(PPh3)2] (), and [L2(CuI)2(PPh3)2] () were synthesized from the ferrocenyl-ethynylpyridine ligand (L) (), the appropriate copper halide CuX (with X = Cl(-), Br(-), I(-)) and triphenylphosphine. These neutral complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetry in dichloroethane revealed chemically reversible ferrocenyl oxidation signals followed by characteristic "stripping reduction peaks" showing evidence for oxidation-product electro-crystallization. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spontaneous formation of crystalline oxidation products with three distinct morphologies for X = Cl(-), Br(-), I(-). Energy dispersive X-ray elemental analysis data show Fe : P ratios of 1 : 2.0, 1 : 2.1 and 1 : 2.1 for electro-crystallization products of complexes , , and , respectively, indicating the presence of tw...

Ferrocenylethynyl is a key starting material for the synthesis of fascinating new molecules and novel functional materials. It combines the robust and redox-active ferrocene moiety with the rigid-rod ethynyl unit. The ferrocene center provides chemically and electrochemically switchable material properties whereas the ethynyl backbone facilitates electron delocalization along the molecule, yielding materials with the potential for a wide range of applications from sensors to bio-organometallics and pharmaceuticals, from catalysts to nonlinear optical materials, and from fuel additives to chelating agents. However, lifetime performances and costs still need to be optimized to make ferrocenylethynyl-based materials commercially competitive. Efficient synthetic methods are already in place which could play a key role in the progress of these materials. This review discusses the main approaches adopted in the synthesis of ferrocenylethynyl-based molecules and materials. Representative e...

Supercritical carbon dioxide and superheated water (subcritical water above 100 °C under pressure) have both been used to extract the buds of cloves (Syzy-gium aromaticum). The yields of eugenol and eugenyl acetate obtained by these methods and also by steam distillation and liquid solvent (Soxhlet) extraction are similar, but the yields of caryophyllene were lower for the methods using water.

The composition of the rhizome essential oil of Cyperus conglomeratus Rott. (Cyperaceae) was studied by GC, GC-MS and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Twenty six compounds, representing 84.4% of the oil were identified. The major compounds in the oils were eugenol (31.3%), α-cyperone (10.5%) and cyperotundone (8.4%). The oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal against a panel of bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the oil were also determined.

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forsskal) A. Juss (Rutaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectral (GC–MS) and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Thirty compounds, constituting about 99.7% of the total oil, were identified. The most abundant oil components are-phellandrene (23.3%), limonene (12.6%), (Z)-ocimene (12.3%),-caryophyllene (11.6%), myrcene (11.3%), and-phellandrene (10.9%). Ten microlitres (25 mg) of pure oil partially inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, and Bacillus subtilis to the same extent as 0.10 g of gentamycin sulfate. The oil also affected the mycelial growth of Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporium in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on the germination of their spores.

A hydrodistilled oil obtained from the stem bark of Goniothalamus cardiopetalus (Annonaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS. The oil showed a total of 60 components of which 40 compounds representing 67.1% of the oil were identified. Linalool (11.7%), α-pinene (7.0%), trans-pinocarveol (5.2%), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%) α-terpineol (4.9%), guaiol (4.4%) camphor (3.9%) and bornyl acetate (3.9%) were found to be the major individual constituents of the oil. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested against a panel of 17 bacterial and six fungal strains by the disc diffusion method. The oil inhibited the growth of all test organisms at varying levels and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also determined.

The yield of hydrodistillation of a botanically certified Oleogum Resin of Boswellia sacra essential oil (5.5%); and its chemical constituents were determined. The GC/MS technique was used for the analysis of the oil. Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds published in literature or stored in a computer library. The oil was characterized by the high content of the monoterpenes (34) which constituted 97.3% in which E-β-ocimene and limonene were the major constituents. The remaining 2.7% was accounted for the sesquiterpenes (16) in which the E-caryophyllene was the major constituent. The analysis proved the complete absence of the diterpenes.

A hydrodistilled oil from the leaves of Teucrium mascatense Boiss. was analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-one components amounting to 91.2% of the oil were identified with linalool (27.8%), linalyl acetate (12.6%) and β-eudesmol (10.1%) being the major constituents of the oil. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested against a panel of 17 bacterial and six fungal strains by the disc diffusion method. The oil inhibited the growth of all test organisms at various levels. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also determined.

A hydrodistilled oil obtained from the stem bark of Goniothalamus cardiopetalus (Annonaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS. The oil showed a total of 60 components of which 40 compounds representing 67.1% of the oil were identified. Linalool (11.7%), α-pinene (7.0%), trans-pinocarveol (5.2%), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%) α-terpineol (4.9%), guaiol (4.4%) camphor (3.9%) and bornyl acetate (3.9%) were found to be the major individual constituents of the oil. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested against a panel of 17 bacterial and six fungal strains by the disc diffusion method. The oil inhibited the growth of all test organisms at varying levels and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also determined.