From our perspective, the classroom represents one of the most severe environments encountered by... more From our perspective, the classroom represents one of the most severe environments encountered by Indians, past or present.1 The concept of education as warfare on Indian societies has already been extensively analyzed (LaRoque, 1984; Barman, Herbert and McCaskill, 1986), and does not need to be reviewed here. Instead, we will address the nature of current Indian adaptation to schooling, and the forms future adaptation may take, particularly in light of the recent movement toward Indian control of education.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, Dec 1, 1998
A test comprised of binary items has an associated theoretical structure (TS) Tp(D, R, E), which ... more A test comprised of binary items has an associated theoretical structure (TS) Tp(D, R, E), which may be paired with any of a number of possible quantitative characterizations (QCs). The aim of test analysis is to examine whether a set of test items conforms to an appropriately chosen QC. In this article, the authors consider one of the most common TSs, Tp(D, R, E), in which D = 1 construct, R = monotone increasing item/construct regressions, and E = errors in variables. The authors then consider two QCs appropriate for this TS and review tests for each. Several examples are provided.
Introduction: Despite widespread agreement on the importance of positive affect among older adult... more Introduction: Despite widespread agreement on the importance of positive affect among older adults, debate continues as to the distinctions among various constructs related to positive attitudes towards life among older adults. Constructs such as subjective wellbeing, satisfaction with life, happiness, morale, and positive affect all correlate with one another, leading to questions as to whether they are distinct constructs or not. Here we examine some of these issues with relation to a well-known and widely used measure of affect, the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale (ABS). Methods and Materials: Data were from 187 Canadian community-dwelling older adults (40 males) with a mean age of 69.7 years (SD = 6.24), with about 40% having retired from service occupations. Participants completed the ABS, the 22 item Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Kutner Morale Scale, and the Social Desirability scale from the Personality Research Form. Results: Principal component analysis of the 10 ABS items with oblique rotation clearly showed two underlying components that correlated positively with one another. This is in contrast to the unidimensional bipolar scoring key for the ABS. Social desirability was positively correlated with all measures of affect and morale. Measures of morale correlated as highly with the ABS as with one another. Conclusions: The traditional scoring key for the ABS does not reflect its actual internal structure, which is of two mildly correlated components that are not positive and negative ends of a single dimension of affect. Both components correlate as highly with the two measures of morale as with one another, suggesting that the measures used are measuring a single underlying construct and that morale and both positive and negative affect reflect a single basic construct. In addition, correlations with a measure of social desirability suggest that all three measures are not free from positive self-presentation styles
The point of robbery is the material gain; however, even greater crimes such as the multiple murd... more The point of robbery is the material gain; however, even greater crimes such as the multiple murders of victims and bystanders, may seem (to the criminals, anyway) a logical extension of the original motive. It is as if murdering the robbery victim and his/her significant others somehow ...
An early and non-technical paper on the nonsense about race differences in Indian brains... a for... more An early and non-technical paper on the nonsense about race differences in Indian brains... a form of racism that is still very popular (but which still has no basis in fact).
Page 1. Educational and Psychological Measurement http://epm.sagepub.com/ CA and SPOD for the Ana... more Page 1. Educational and Psychological Measurement http://epm.sagepub.com/ CA and SPOD for the Analysis of Tests Comprised of Binary Items Michael D. Maraun, Jeremy SH Jackson, Craig R. Luccock, Sharon E. Belter and ...
... in October 1994, the book discusses the language and rhetoric surrounding residential schools... more ... in October 1994, the book discusses the language and rhetoric surrounding residential schools and argues that existing accounts in various media obscure and misinform about the facts and their interpretation. Rather than undoing the harm done by Indian residential schools ...
From our perspective, the classroom represents one of the most severe environments encountered by... more From our perspective, the classroom represents one of the most severe environments encountered by Indians, past or present.1 The concept of education as warfare on Indian societies has already been extensively analyzed (LaRoque, 1984; Barman, Herbert and McCaskill, 1986), and does not need to be reviewed here. Instead, we will address the nature of current Indian adaptation to schooling, and the forms future adaptation may take, particularly in light of the recent movement toward Indian control of education.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, Dec 1, 1998
A test comprised of binary items has an associated theoretical structure (TS) Tp(D, R, E), which ... more A test comprised of binary items has an associated theoretical structure (TS) Tp(D, R, E), which may be paired with any of a number of possible quantitative characterizations (QCs). The aim of test analysis is to examine whether a set of test items conforms to an appropriately chosen QC. In this article, the authors consider one of the most common TSs, Tp(D, R, E), in which D = 1 construct, R = monotone increasing item/construct regressions, and E = errors in variables. The authors then consider two QCs appropriate for this TS and review tests for each. Several examples are provided.
Introduction: Despite widespread agreement on the importance of positive affect among older adult... more Introduction: Despite widespread agreement on the importance of positive affect among older adults, debate continues as to the distinctions among various constructs related to positive attitudes towards life among older adults. Constructs such as subjective wellbeing, satisfaction with life, happiness, morale, and positive affect all correlate with one another, leading to questions as to whether they are distinct constructs or not. Here we examine some of these issues with relation to a well-known and widely used measure of affect, the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale (ABS). Methods and Materials: Data were from 187 Canadian community-dwelling older adults (40 males) with a mean age of 69.7 years (SD = 6.24), with about 40% having retired from service occupations. Participants completed the ABS, the 22 item Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Kutner Morale Scale, and the Social Desirability scale from the Personality Research Form. Results: Principal component analysis of the 10 ABS items with oblique rotation clearly showed two underlying components that correlated positively with one another. This is in contrast to the unidimensional bipolar scoring key for the ABS. Social desirability was positively correlated with all measures of affect and morale. Measures of morale correlated as highly with the ABS as with one another. Conclusions: The traditional scoring key for the ABS does not reflect its actual internal structure, which is of two mildly correlated components that are not positive and negative ends of a single dimension of affect. Both components correlate as highly with the two measures of morale as with one another, suggesting that the measures used are measuring a single underlying construct and that morale and both positive and negative affect reflect a single basic construct. In addition, correlations with a measure of social desirability suggest that all three measures are not free from positive self-presentation styles
The point of robbery is the material gain; however, even greater crimes such as the multiple murd... more The point of robbery is the material gain; however, even greater crimes such as the multiple murders of victims and bystanders, may seem (to the criminals, anyway) a logical extension of the original motive. It is as if murdering the robbery victim and his/her significant others somehow ...
An early and non-technical paper on the nonsense about race differences in Indian brains... a for... more An early and non-technical paper on the nonsense about race differences in Indian brains... a form of racism that is still very popular (but which still has no basis in fact).
Page 1. Educational and Psychological Measurement http://epm.sagepub.com/ CA and SPOD for the Ana... more Page 1. Educational and Psychological Measurement http://epm.sagepub.com/ CA and SPOD for the Analysis of Tests Comprised of Binary Items Michael D. Maraun, Jeremy SH Jackson, Craig R. Luccock, Sharon E. Belter and ...
... in October 1994, the book discusses the language and rhetoric surrounding residential schools... more ... in October 1994, the book discusses the language and rhetoric surrounding residential schools and argues that existing accounts in various media obscure and misinform about the facts and their interpretation. Rather than undoing the harm done by Indian residential schools ...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
What if the Holocaust had never stopped?
What if no liberating armies invaded... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
What if the Holocaust had never stopped? What if no liberating armies invaded the territory stormed over by the draconian State? No compassionate throng broke down the doors to dungeons to free those imprisoned within? No collective outcry of humanity arose as stories of the State's abuses were recounted? And no court of World Opinion seized the State's leaders and held them in judgment as their misdeeds were chronicled? What if none of this happened? What if, instead, with the passage of time the World came to accept the State's actions as the rightful and lawful policies of a sovereign nation having to deal with creatures that were less than fully human? And, what if, curbing some of the more glaring malignancies of its genocidal excesses, the State increasingly became prominent as both a resource for industrial powers and as an industrial power in its own right? What if the State could rely upon the discretion of other nations, engaged in their own local outrages, to wink at its past, so that the lie told to and accepted by other nations was one the State could tell itself and its "real" citizens without fear of contradiction? What if the men who conceived, fashioned, implemented, and operated the machinery of destruction grew old and venerable and acclaimed, hailed as "Fathers" of their country and men of insight and renown? What if the Holocaust had never stopped, so that, for the State's victims, there was no vindication, no validation, no justice, but instead the dawning realisation that this was how things were going to be? What if those who resisted were crushed, so that others, tired of resisting, simply prayed that the "next" adjustment to what remained of their ways of life would be the one that, somehow, they would be able to learn to live with? What if some learned to hate who they were, or to deny it out of fear, while others embraced the State's image of them, emulating as far as possible the State's principles and accepting its judgment about their own families, friends, and neighbors? And what if others could find no option other than to accept the slow, lingering death the State had mapped out for them, or even to speed themselves along to their State-desired end? What if? Then, you would have Canada's treatment of the North American Aboriginal population in general, and the Indian Residential School Experience in particular. And here and now we are going to prove it to you.
Since the mid- to late-20th century the Canadian State and its compatible institution (including ... more Since the mid- to late-20th century the Canadian State and its compatible institution (including higher education) have been concerned to manage — not address — its invidious historical and ongoing treatment of indigenous peoples. Recently, a contrive, limited inquiry, the so-called Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), recommended formalizing the introduction of Native-related material into curricula, from primary grades through university level. The ostensible, publicized goal has been to address the enduring racism within mainstream Canadian society and "reconcile" relations between indigenous peoples and Euro-Canadians. However, an analysis of both the formalized documents of what is termed the "indigenizing initiative" and the actual implementation of such curricula reveals, not an engagement with the problems of racism, but its re-fashioning into its continuation and furtherance. Empty and/or ill-defined slogans and buzz-words ("94 Calls to Action;" "Decolonizing;" "Reconciliation;" etc.) (1) justify racist, incomplete, biased, and fraudulent materials as truth; (2) present mainstream ideological positions as factual; and (3) recruit indigenous students to continuing policies which implement their own elimination ("assimilation," or genocide). The warped, perverted higher education constituting the "indigenizing initiative" is no more and no less than oppression and systemic racism re-packaged for the 21st century.
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What if the Holocaust had never stopped?
What if no liberating armies invaded the territory stormed over by the draconian State? No compassionate throng broke down the doors to dungeons to free those imprisoned within? No collective outcry of humanity arose as stories of the State's abuses were recounted? And no court of World Opinion seized the State's leaders and held them in judgment as their misdeeds were chronicled? What if none of this happened?
What if, instead, with the passage of time the World came to accept the State's actions as the rightful and lawful policies of a sovereign nation having to deal with creatures that were less than fully human? And, what if, curbing some of the more glaring malignancies of its genocidal excesses, the State increasingly became prominent as both a resource for industrial powers and as an industrial power in its own right? What if the State could rely upon the discretion of other nations, engaged in their own local outrages, to wink at its past, so that the lie told to and accepted by other nations was one the State could tell itself and its "real" citizens without fear of contradiction? What if the men who conceived, fashioned, implemented, and operated the machinery of destruction grew old and venerable and acclaimed, hailed as "Fathers" of their country and men of insight and renown?
What if the Holocaust had never stopped, so that, for the State's victims, there was no vindication, no validation, no justice, but instead the dawning realisation that this was how things were going to be? What if those who resisted were crushed, so that others, tired of resisting, simply prayed that the "next" adjustment to what remained of their ways of life would be the one that, somehow, they would be able to learn to live with? What if some learned to hate who they were, or to deny it out of fear, while others embraced the State's image of them, emulating as far as possible the State's principles and accepting its judgment about their own families, friends, and neighbors? And what if others could find no option other than to accept the slow, lingering death the State had mapped out for them, or even to speed themselves along to their State-desired end?
What if?
Then, you would have Canada's treatment of the North American Aboriginal population in general, and the Indian Residential School Experience in particular.
And here and now we are going to prove it to you.