Irak
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Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris. Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun. |
- Pikeun kagunaan séjén, tempo Irak (disambiguasi).
Républik Irak, biasana katelah Irak (Basa Arab: العراق , IPA: ʕiˈrɑːq), nyaéta hiji nagara di Wétan Tengah nu ngampar lolobananana di tungtung kulon kaler Pagunungan Zagros-, bagéan wetan Gurun Siria sarta bagéan kaler Gurun Arabia. Irak diwatesan ku Kuwait jeung Saudi Arabia di béh kidul, Jordania di kulon, Suriah di kulon kaler, Turki di béh kaler sarta Iran di wetaneunnana. Irak boga bagéan basisir nu heureut di Umm Qasr di Teluk Pérsia. Aya dua walungan nu ngalir: Tigris jeung Éfrat. Dua walungan ieu nyababkeun lemah Irak bisa dipaké tatanen, patukang tonggong jeung lanskap gurun nu nutupan lolobana wewengkon di Wétan Tengah.
| جمهورية العراق Jumhūriyyat ul-ʿIrāq Jomhūrī-ye Īrāq Républik Irak |
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| Motto الله أكبر (Basa Arab) "Allahu Akbar" (transliterasi) "Gusti nu Maha Agung" |
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| Lagu Mawtini (new) Ardh Alforatain (previous)1 |
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| Ibu kota | Baghdad2 | |||||
| Kota panggedéna | ibu kota | |||||
| Basa resmi | Arab, Kurdi3, Aramaik | |||||
| Démonim | Irak | |||||
| Pamaréntah | Developing parliamentary democracy | |||||
| - | Presiden | Barham Salih | ||||
| - | Perdana Mentri | Mustafa Al-Kadhimi | ||||
| Merdika | ||||||
| - | ti Kakaisaran Usmani | 1 Oktober 1919 |
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| - | ti United Kingdom | 3 Oktober 1932 |
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| - | Cai (%) | 1.1 | ||||
| Populasi | ||||||
| - | Perkiraan 2006 | 26,783,3834 (ka-40) | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | Perkiraan 2006 | |||||
| - | Total | $89.8 miliar (ka-61) | ||||
| - | Per kapita | $2,900 (ka-130) | ||||
| Mata uang | Dinar Irak (IQD) |
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| Zona wanci | AST (UTC+3) | |||||
| - | Usum panas (DST) | ADT (UTC+4) | ||||
| TLD Internét | .iq | |||||
| Kode telepon | +964 | |||||
| 1 | Urang Kurdi make Ey Reqîb. | |||||
| 2 | Ibu kota Kurdistan Irak nyaéta Arbil. | |||||
| 3 | Basa Arab jeung Kurdi mangrupa basa resmi dina pamarentahan Irak. Dumasar kana Artikel 4, Bagéan 4 Undang-undang Dasar Irak, Assyrian (Syriac) (a dialect of Aramaic) and Iraqi Turkmen (a dialect of Southern Azerbaijani) languages are official in areas where the respective populations they constitute density of population. | |||||
| 4 | CIA World Factbook | |||||
Irak mangrupikeun démokrasi parleménter ngembang anu diwangun ku 18 kagubernuran (katelah muhafadhat). Ibu kotana, Baghdad, aya di tengah-wétan. Sajarah euyeub Irak balik deui ti jaman Mesopotamia kuno. Wewengkon antara walungan Tigris jeung Éfrat dikenal salaku Bulan Sabit Subur, tempat lahirna paradaban jeung tulisan. Dina sajarahna anu panjang, Irak parantos janten puseur kakaisaran Akkadia, Assyria, Babylonia sareng Abbasiyah, sarta bagian ti kawasaan kakaisaran Akhemenia, Makedonia, Parthia, Umayyah, Sassania, Utsmaniyah sareng Britania Raya.
Since an invasion in 2003, a multinational coalition of forces, mainly American and British, has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-réaching consequences: increased civil violence, political bréakdown, the removal and execution of former présidént Saddam Hussein, and national problems in the development of political balance, economy, infrastructure, and use of the country's huge reserves of oil. According to the 2007 Failed States Index, produced by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Foreign Policy magazine and the Fund for Peace, Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country,[1] after Sudan.[2]
Tempo ogé
édit
Rujukan
édit- ↑ "Foreign Policy Magazine: The Failed States Index 2007". Archived 2009-01-26 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Reuters: Iraq world's No. 2 failed state". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-19. Archived 2007-06-21 di Wayback Machine
Bacaan salajengna
édit- Interview with Refugees International's Séan Garcia on the plight of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees [1] Archived 2007-03-13 di Wayback Machine
- Shadid, Anthony 2005. Night Draws Near. Henry Holt and Co., NY, USA. ISBN 0-8050-7602-6
- Hanna Batatu, "The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq", Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978
- Iraq was one of the major settings for the John J. Rust science fiction novel "Epsilon"
- A Dweller in Mesopotamia Archived 2005-05-25 di Wayback Machine, being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921. (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF Archived 2005-09-06 di Wayback Machine format)
- By Desert Ways to Baghdad Archived 2005-04-02 di Wayback Machine, by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed). (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF Archived 2005-09-06 di Wayback Machine format)
Tumbu luar
édit| Pék paluruh émbaran nu leuwih loba ngeunaan Iraq ku jalan nyungsi proyék sabaraya Wikipédia | |
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Définisi kamus ti Wiktionary |
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Buku téks ti Wikibooks |
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Cutatan ti Wikiquote |
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Téks sumber ti Wikisource |
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Gambar jeung média ti Commons |
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Warta ti Wikinews |
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Sumber pangajaran ti Wikiversity |
Tempo ogé Irak di Wikivoyage
Pamaréntah
- Iraqi Government official government site
- New Iraqi government structure (PDF) Archived 2006-08-15 di Wayback Machine (As of July 17, 2006)
- Kurdistan Regional Government Archived 2016-05-06 di Wayback Machine
- Ministry of Industry and Minerals
Sawangan'
- Encarta Encyclopedia Archived 2009-10-28 di Wayback Machine
- Baghdad's Golden Period
- al-Bab - Iraq Archived 2016-06-10 di Wayback Machine
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Iraq Country Page
- BBC News Country Profile - Iraq
- CIA World Factbook - Iraq Archived 2018-12-24 di Wayback Machine
- US State Department - Iraq includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
- Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Iraq Archived 2008-05-02 di Wayback Machine
- Iraq Country Profile from Reuters AlertNet
- Country Briefing: Iraq from The Economist
Warta
- Focus on Iraq Archived 2007-11-26 di Wayback Machine Daily News on Iraq
- Iraq News and Iraqi views Archived 2018-02-18 di Wayback Machine from Electronic Iraq
- News in Depth Archived 2006-06-14 di Wayback Machine from the Financial Times
- Diplomacy Monitor-Iraq Archived 2013-04-15 di Wayback Machine
- IPS Inter Press Service Archived 2008-06-10 di Wayback Machine Independent news about Iraq
- Iraqis react with joy, anger to Hussein death sentence CNN story on Hussein's death sentence
- Hometown Baghdad Archived 2007-11-23 di Wayback Machine Documentary series shot by an all-Iraqi crew. Tells the stories of three young péople trying to survive in Baghdad.
Lianna
- Operation Iraqi Children
- Iraq Image, a cultural resource on Iraq cities and locations
- Juan Cole, a léading scholar and public intellectual
- The Ground Truth Project Archived 2006-09-26 di Wayback Machine—A series of exclusive interviews and other resources capturing the voices of Iraqis, aid workers, military personnel and others who have spent significant time on-the-ground in Iraq.
- Alternate wiki article about Iraq Archived 2007-12-11 di Wayback Machine
- Education for Peace in Iraq Center (EPIC)—A Washington DC-based nonprofit organization promoting a free and secure Iraq
- Amnesty International Report on Iraq
- Internal Displacement in Iraq - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Coalition Provisional Authority Now-defunct occupation authority; site is archived
- Iraq Law Archived 2013-12-14 di Wayback Machine from the University of Pittsburgh’s Jurist project
- 1900–2000 a history of Iraq
- US Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq Archived 2008-08-20 di Wayback Machine
- Iraqi Familiarization Guide Archived 2007-12-01 di Wayback Machine - (546 kilobyte PDF file)
- Short Guide to Iraq (WWII U.S. Military Guide)
- Charity Helping the People of Iraq Archived 2008-05-11 di Wayback Machine
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Artikel atawa bagian artikel ieu butuh leuwih loba réferénsi sangkan pasti. Mangga bantos ngédit artikel ieu kalawan nambihkeun réferénsi. Tag ieu dibéré dina June 2007 |