Kifafa : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
Tulsi (majadiliano | michango) d fixing doi from hijacked website, see here |
||
| (Sahihisho moja la kati na mtumizi mwingine na yule ambaye hajaonyeshwa) | |||
| Mstari 2: | Mstari 2: | ||
[[File:Bittentongue.JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|[[jeraha|Majeraha]] [[ulimi|ulimini]] yaliyosababishwa na anguko.]] |
[[File:Bittentongue.JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|[[jeraha|Majeraha]] [[ulimi|ulimini]] yaliyosababishwa na anguko.]] |
||
<!-- Definition and symptoms --> |
<!-- Definition and symptoms --> |
||
'''Kifafa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Epilepsyis'', kutoka [[kitenzi]] cha [[Kigiriki]] ἐεπιλαμβάνειν, eepilambanein, ''kuteka'' au ''kutesa''<ref name=magiorkinis_2010>{{cite journal | author=Magiorkinis E, Kalliopi S, Diamantis A | title=Hallmarks in the history of epilepsy: epilepsy in antiquity | journal=Epilepsy & behavior : E&B | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=103–108 |date=January 2010 | doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.023 | pmid=19963440}}</ref>) ni kundi la [[maradhi ya neva]] yanayofanana kwa [[dalili]] za matukio ya [[kupatwa]],<ref name=NEJM2003>{{cite journal | author = Chang BS, Lowenstein DH | title =Epilepsy | year = 2003 | journal = N. Engl. J. Med. | volume = 349 | issue = 13 | pages = 1257–66 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra022308 | pmid = 14507951}}</ref> ambayo yanaweza kudumu [[muda]] mfupi sana karibu bila kugundulika hadi muda mrefu wa kutikisika kwa nguvu [[mwili]] mzima.<ref name=WHO2012/> Matukio hayo yanaelekea kurudiarudia bila sababu inayoeleweka kwa kila tukio |
'''Kifafa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Epilepsyis'', kutoka [[kitenzi]] cha [[Kigiriki]] ἐεπιλαμβάνειν, eepilambanein, ''kuteka'' au ''kutesa''<ref name=magiorkinis_2010>{{cite journal | author=Magiorkinis E, Kalliopi S, Diamantis A | title=Hallmarks in the history of epilepsy: epilepsy in antiquity | journal=Epilepsy & behavior : E&B | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=103–108 |date=January 2010 | doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.023 | pmid=19963440}}</ref>) ni [[kundi]] la [[maradhi ya neva]] yanayofanana kwa [[dalili]] za matukio ya [[kupatwa]],<ref name=NEJM2003>{{cite journal | author = Chang BS, Lowenstein DH | title =Epilepsy | year = 2003 | journal = N. Engl. J. Med. | volume = 349 | issue = 13 | pages = 1257–66 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra022308 | pmid = 14507951}}</ref> ambayo yanaweza kudumu [[muda]] mfupi sana karibu bila kugundulika hadi muda mrefu wa kutikisika kwa nguvu [[mwili]] mzima.<ref name=WHO2012/> Matukio hayo yanaelekea kurudiarudia bila sababu inayoeleweka kwa kila tukio<ref name=NEJM2003/> wakati matukio ya namna hiyo yenye sababu inayoeleweka si ya kifafa kweli. |
||
==Visababishi== |
|||
<!--Cause, pathophysiology and diagnosis --> |
|||
Sababu ya kesi nyingi haijulikani, ingawa baadhi ya watu wanapatwa na kifafa kutokana na [[jeraha la ubongo]], [[kiharusi]], [[saratani ya ubongo]] na matumizi mabaya ya [[dawa]]. [[Mabadiliko ya DNA]] yanahusiana moja kwa moja na [[asilimia]] ndogo za kesi zote.<ref name="Longo 2012"/> |
Sababu ya kesi nyingi haijulikani, ingawa baadhi ya watu wanapatwa na kifafa kutokana na [[jeraha la ubongo]], [[kiharusi]], [[saratani ya ubongo]] na matumizi mabaya ya [[dawa]]. [[Mabadiliko ya DNA]] yanahusiana moja kwa moja na [[asilimia]] ndogo za kesi zote.<ref name="Longo 2012"/> |
||
Matukio ya kifafa yanatokana na [[utendaji]] mkubwa mno wa [[neva za ubongo]].<ref name=Fisher2005>{{cite journal| author = Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J| title = Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)| journal = Epilepsia| volume = 46| issue = 4| pages = 470–2| year = 2005| pmid = 15816939| url = http:// |
Matukio ya kifafa yanatokana na [[utendaji]] mkubwa mno wa [[neva]] za [[ubongo]].<ref name=Fisher2005>{{cite journal| author = Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J| title = Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)| journal = Epilepsia| volume = 46| issue = 4| pages = 470–2| year = 2005| pmid = 15816939| url = http://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x| doi = 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x}}</ref> |
||
Ili kusema ni kifafa, [[daktari]] anapaswa kwanza kutambua hakuna sababu zinazoeleweka za dalili kama hizo, kwa mfano kuzimia.<ref name="Longo 2012">{{cite book |last1=Longo |first1=Dan L |title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine |year=2012 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-174887-2 |page=3258 |edition=18th|chapter=369 Seizures and Epilepsy}}</ref> Mara nyingi kifafa kinaweza kuthibitishwa na [[electroencephalogram]] (EEG).<ref name="Longo 2012"/> |
Ili kusema ni kifafa, [[daktari]] anapaswa kwanza kutambua hakuna sababu zinazoeleweka za dalili kama hizo, kwa mfano kuzimia.<ref name="Longo 2012">{{cite book |last1=Longo |first1=Dan L |title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine |year=2012 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-174887-2 |page=3258 |edition=18th|chapter=369 Seizures and Epilepsy}}</ref> Mara nyingi kifafa kinaweza kuthibitishwa na [[electroencephalogram]] (EEG).<ref name="Longo 2012"/> |
||
==Tiba== |
|||
<!--Treatment --> |
|||
Katika 70% za matukio inawezekana kuyadhibiti.<ref name=Ead2012>{{cite journal|last=Eadie|first=MJ|title=Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy.|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|date=December 2012|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1419–27|pmid=23237349|doi=10.1586/ern.12.129}}</ref> Isipowezekana tiba, pengine [[upasuaji]], [[uchocheaji wa neva]] na mabadiliko ya ulaji vinatumika. Si kila mara kifafa kinadumu [[maisha]] yote: kuna watu wanaopata [[nafuu]] kiasi cha kutohitaji tena dawa. |
Katika 70% za matukio inawezekana kuyadhibiti.<ref name=Ead2012>{{cite journal|last=Eadie|first=MJ|title=Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy.|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|date=December 2012|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1419–27|pmid=23237349|doi=10.1586/ern.12.129}}</ref> Isipowezekana tiba, pengine [[upasuaji]], [[uchocheaji wa neva]] na mabadiliko ya ulaji vinatumika. Si kila mara kifafa kinadumu [[maisha]] yote: kuna watu wanaopata [[nafuu]] kiasi cha kutohitaji tena dawa. |
||
==Uenezi== |
|||
<!--Epidemiology --> |
|||
Karibu 1% ya watu wote duniani ([[milioni]] 65) wana kifafa,<ref name=Thur2011>{{cite journal|last=Thurman|first=DJ|author2=Beghi, E; Begley, CE; Berg, AT; Buchhalter, JR; Ding, D; Hesdorffer, DC; Hauser, WA; Kazis, L; Kobau, R; Kroner, B; Labiner, D; Liow, K; Logroscino, G; Medina, MT; Newton, CR; Parko, K; Paschal, A; Preux, PM; Sander, JW; Selassie, A; Theodore, W; Tomson, T; Wiebe, S; ILAE Commission on, Epidemiology|title=Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy.|journal=Epilepsia|date=September 2011|volume=52 Suppl 7|pages=2–26|pmid=21899536|doi=10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x}}</ref> na karibu 80% za kesi zinatokea katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]].<ref name=WHO2012>{{cite web | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/ | title = Epilepsy | series = Fact Sheets |date =October 2012 | accessdate = January 24, 2013 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> |
Karibu 1% ya watu wote duniani ([[milioni]] 65) wana kifafa,<ref name=Thur2011>{{cite journal|last=Thurman|first=DJ|author2=Beghi, E; Begley, CE; Berg, AT; Buchhalter, JR; Ding, D; Hesdorffer, DC; Hauser, WA; Kazis, L; Kobau, R; Kroner, B; Labiner, D; Liow, K; Logroscino, G; Medina, MT; Newton, CR; Parko, K; Paschal, A; Preux, PM; Sander, JW; Selassie, A; Theodore, W; Tomson, T; Wiebe, S; ILAE Commission on, Epidemiology|title=Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy.|journal=Epilepsia|date=September 2011|volume=52 Suppl 7|pages=2–26|pmid=21899536|doi=10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x}}</ref> na karibu 80% za kesi zinatokea katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]].<ref name=WHO2012>{{cite web | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/ | title = Epilepsy | series = Fact Sheets |date =October 2012 | accessdate = January 24, 2013 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> |
||
| Mstari 40: | Mstari 40: | ||
[[Jamii:Ubongo]] |
[[Jamii:Ubongo]] |
||
[[Jamii:Tiba]] |
[[Jamii:Tiba]] |
||
[[Jamii:Neva]] |
|||
Toleo la sasa la 05:30, 24 Oktoba 2019
Kifafa (kwa Kiingereza Epilepsyis, kutoka kitenzi cha Kigiriki ἐεπιλαμβάνειν, eepilambanein, kuteka au kutesa[1]) ni kundi la maradhi ya neva yanayofanana kwa dalili za matukio ya kupatwa,[2] ambayo yanaweza kudumu muda mfupi sana karibu bila kugundulika hadi muda mrefu wa kutikisika kwa nguvu mwili mzima.[3] Matukio hayo yanaelekea kurudiarudia bila sababu inayoeleweka kwa kila tukio[2] wakati matukio ya namna hiyo yenye sababu inayoeleweka si ya kifafa kweli.
Visababishi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Sababu ya kesi nyingi haijulikani, ingawa baadhi ya watu wanapatwa na kifafa kutokana na jeraha la ubongo, kiharusi, saratani ya ubongo na matumizi mabaya ya dawa. Mabadiliko ya DNA yanahusiana moja kwa moja na asilimia ndogo za kesi zote.[4]
Matukio ya kifafa yanatokana na utendaji mkubwa mno wa neva za ubongo.[5]
Ili kusema ni kifafa, daktari anapaswa kwanza kutambua hakuna sababu zinazoeleweka za dalili kama hizo, kwa mfano kuzimia.[4] Mara nyingi kifafa kinaweza kuthibitishwa na electroencephalogram (EEG).[4]
Tiba
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Katika 70% za matukio inawezekana kuyadhibiti.[6] Isipowezekana tiba, pengine upasuaji, uchocheaji wa neva na mabadiliko ya ulaji vinatumika. Si kila mara kifafa kinadumu maisha yote: kuna watu wanaopata nafuu kiasi cha kutohitaji tena dawa.
Uenezi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Karibu 1% ya watu wote duniani (milioni 65) wana kifafa,[7] na karibu 80% za kesi zinatokea katika nchi zinazoendelea.[3]
Mwaka 2013 vilitokea vifo 116,000, ambavyo ni vingi kuliko vile 112,000 vya mwaka 1990.[8]
Kifafa kinazidi kutokea kadiri watu wanavyokua.[9][10][11][12]
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Magiorkinis E, Kalliopi S, Diamantis A (Januari 2010). "Hallmarks in the history of epilepsy: epilepsy in antiquity". Epilepsy & behavior : E&B. 17 (1): 103–108. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.023. PMID 19963440.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chang BS, Lowenstein DH (2003). "Epilepsy". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (13): 1257–66. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022308. PMID 14507951.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Epilepsy". Fact Sheets. World Health Organization. Oktoba 2012. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 24, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Longo, Dan L (2012). "369 Seizures and Epilepsy". Harrison's principles of internal medicine (tol. la 18th). McGraw-Hill. uk. 3258. ISBN 978-0-07-174887-2.
- ↑ Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J (2005). "Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)". Epilepsia. 46 (4): 470–2. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x. PMID 15816939.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Eadie, MJ (Desemba 2012). "Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 12 (12): 1419–27. doi:10.1586/ern.12.129. PMID 23237349.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Thurman, DJ; Beghi, E; Begley, CE; Berg, AT; Buchhalter, JR; Ding, D; Hesdorffer, DC; Hauser, WA; Kazis, L; Kobau, R; Kroner, B; Labiner, D; Liow, K; Logroscino, G; Medina, MT; Newton, CR; Parko, K; Paschal, A; Preux, PM; Sander, JW; Selassie, A; Theodore, W; Tomson, T; Wiebe, S; ILAE Commission on, Epidemiology (Septemba 2011). "Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy". Epilepsia. 52 Suppl 7: 2–26. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x. PMID 21899536.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 Desemba 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Brodie, MJ; Elder, AT; Kwan, P (Novemba 2009). "Epilepsy in later life". Lancet neurology. 8 (11): 1019–30. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70240-6. PMID 19800848.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Holmes, Thomas R. Browne, Gregory L. (2008). Handbook of epilepsy (tol. la 4th). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. uk. 7. ISBN 978-0-7817-7397-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy : principles and practice (tol. la 5th). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010. ISBN 978-1-58255-937-7.
- ↑ Berg, AT (2008). "Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure". Epilepsia. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x. PMID 18184149.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience; Global Campaign against Epilepsy; International League against Epilepsy (2005). Atlas, epilepsy care in the world, 2005 (pdf). Geneva: Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-156303-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
- Kifafa katika Open Directory Project
- World Health Organization fact sheet
|
Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya tiba bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Kifafa kama sababu yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |