Marco Polo
Mandhari
Marco Polo (15 Septemba 1254 – 8 Januari 1324) alikuwa mpelelezi na mfanyabiashara wa Kiitalia. Ndiye wa kwanza kufanya upelelezi katika nchi zilizokingama na bara la Asia na “Mashariki ya Mbali” na wa kwanza kufanya upelelezi duniani kwa jumla.
Alichangamsha Ulaya nzima kwa kusimulia habari za safari zake katika kitabu "Il Milione" (yaani Milioni)
Inasemekana kuwa Marco Polo, ndiye aliyeleta chakula cha spaghetti nchini Italia. Alikipata chakula hicho huko Uchina na kukipeleka kwao.
Kati ya wapelelezi wengine wa Italia alikuwepo Christopher Columbus, ambaye alifuata nyayo za Marco, lakini kupitia magharibi.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Marco Polo, Marci Poli Veneti de Regionibus Orientalibus, Simon Grynaeus Johannes Huttichius, Novus Orbis Regionum ac Insularum Veteribus Incognitarum, Basel, 1532, pp.350–418.
- "Marco Polo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
- "Marco Polo", Nordisk familjebok (kwa Swedish) (tol. la Uggleupplagan), 1915
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: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Yule, Henry; Cordier, Henri (1923), The Travels Of Marco Polo, Mineola: Dover Publications, ISBN 978-0-486-27586-4
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Moule, Arthur Christopher; Pelliot, Paul (1938). Marco Polo: The Description of the World. Juz. la 1. London: George Routledge & Sons Limited.
- Landström, Björn (1967), Columbus: the story of Don Cristóbal Colón, Admiral of the Ocean, New York City: Macmillan
- Bram, Leon L.; Robert S., Phillips; Dickey, Norma H. (1983), Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, ISBN 978-0-8343-0051-4 (Article republished in 2006 World Almanac Books, available online from History.com)
- Nicol, Donald M. (1992), Byzantium and Venice: a study in diplomatic and cultural relations, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-42894-7
- Wood, Frances (1998), Did Marco Polo Go To China?, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-8999-2
- Burgan, Michael (2002), Marco Polo: Marco Polo and the silk road to China, Mankato: Compass Point Books, ISBN 978-0-7565-0180-8
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - "Marco Polo", The New Encyclopædia Britannica Macropedia, juz. la 9 (tol. la 15), Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, 2002, ISBN 978-0-85229-787-2
- Parker, John (2004), "Marco Polo", The World Book Encyclopedia, juz. la 15 (tol. la illustrated), United States: World Book, Inc., ISBN 978-0-7166-0104-3
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Olivier Weber, Le grand festin de l'Orient; Robert Laffont, 2004
- Edwards, Mike (2005), Marco Polo, Part 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society
- Falchetta, Piero (2006), Fra Mauro's World Map, Turnhout: Brepols, ISBN 2-503-51726-9
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - McKay, John; Hill, Bennet; Buckler, John (2006), A History of Western Society (tol. la Eighth), Houghton Mifflin Company, uk. 506, ISBN 0-618-52266-2
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Bergreen, Laurence (2007), Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, ISBN 9780307267696
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Power, Eileen Edna (2007), Medieval People, BiblioBazaar, ISBN 978-1-4264-6777-6
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Winchester, Simon (Mei 6, 2008), The Man Who Loved China: Joseph Needham and the Making of a Masterpiece, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-088459-8
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Basil, Lubbock (2008), The Colonial Clippers, Read Books, ISBN 978-1-4437-7119-1
- Brook, Timothy (2010), The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-04602-1
- Marco Polo. (2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2010-08-28, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/468139/Marco-Polo
- Puljiz-Šostik, Željana (2015), Marco Polo i njegov Le Divisiment dou monde (Opis svijeta): fikcija i fakcija u književnoj historiografiji [Marco Polo and his Description of the world: fact and fiction in the history of literature] (kwa Croatian), Zagreb: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
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