Teolojia ya shule
Teolojia ya shule (kwa Kilatini: Theologia Scholastica) ni aina ya teolojia iliyoanza katika shule za monasteri zilipogundua upya falsafa ya Aristoteli kupitia tafsiri za wanafalsafa Wayahudi na Waislamu.
Katika juhudi ya kulinganisha metafizikia hiyo na teolojia ya Ukristo wa Magharibi, iliwekwa misingi ya vyuo vikuu vya Karne za Kati, na hatimaye ya ustawi wa sayansi.
Teolojia hiyo ilitawala elimu ya Ulaya miaka 1100-1700 hivi[1].
Kati ya wawakilishi wakuu wa shule hiyo kuna: Anselm wa Canterbury ("baba wa falsafa ya shule"[2]), Petro Abelardo, Aleksanda wa Hales, Alberto Mkuu, Yohane Duns Scotus, William wa Ockham, Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio, na Thoma wa Akwino. Kitabu chake bora, Summa Theologica (1265–1274) kinahesabika kilele cha falsafa ya shule, ya Karne za Kati na ya Kikristo kwa jumla[3].
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ See Steven P. Marone, "Medieval philosophy in context" in A. S. McGrade, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). On the difference between scholastic and medieval monastic postures towards learning, see Jean Leclercq, The Love of Learning and the Desire for God (New York: Fordham University Press, 1970) esp. 89; 238ff.
- ↑ Grant, Edward. God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press, 2004, 56
- ↑ Gilson, Etienne (1991). The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy (Gifford Lectures 1933–35). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ku. 490. ISBN 978-0-268-01740-8.
Vyanzo vikuu
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Hyman, J.; Walsh, J. J., whr. (1973). Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-0-915144-05-1.
- Schoedinger, Andrew B., mhr. (1996). Readings in Medieval Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509293-6.
Vyanzo vingine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- van Asselt, Willem J. (2011). Inleiding in de Gereformeerde Scholastiek [Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism] (kwa Kiholanzi). With contributions by T. Theo J. Pleizier, Pieter L. Rouwendal, and Maarten Wisse; Translated by Albert Gootjes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformation Heritage Books. ISBN 978-1-60178-121-5.
- Clagett, Marshall (1982). "William of Moerbeke: Translator of Archimedes". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 126 (5): 356–366. JSTOR 986212.
- Decock, W. (2013), Theologians and Contract Law: The Moral Transformation of the Ius Commune (c. 1500–1650), Leiden/Boston, Brill/Nijhoff, ISBN 978-90-04-23284-6.
- Fryde, E., The Early Palaeologan Renaissance, Brill 2000.
- Gallatin, Harlie Kay (2001). "Medieval Intellectual Life and Christianity". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-02-01.
- Gracia, J. G. and Noone, T. B., eds., (2003) A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. London: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-21672-3
- McGrade, A. S., ed., (2003) The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Lindberg, David C. (1978). Science in the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-48232-3.
- Maurer, Armand A. (1982). Medieval Philosophy (tol. la 2nd). Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 978-0-88844-704-3.
- Toman, Rolf (2007). The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting. photography by Achim Bednorz. Tandem Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8331-4676-3.
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Trueman, Carl R. and R. Scott Clark, jt. eds. (1999). Protestant Scholasticism: Essays in Reassessment. Carlisle, Eng.: Paternoster Press. ISBN 0-85364-853-0
- Rexroth, Frank (2023). Knowledge True and Useful: A Cultural History of Early Scholasticism (kwa Kiingereza). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-1-5128-2471-1.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
- Medieval Philosophy Electronic Resources
- "Scholasticism". In Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- Scholasticism Joseph Rickaby, (1908), 121 pp. (also at googlebooks)
- Scholasticism in The Catholic Encyclopedia
- Yahoo! directory category: Scholasticism
- The genius of the scholastics and the orbit of Aristotle, article by James Franklin on the influence of scholasticism on later thought
- Medieval Philosophy, Universities and the Church by James Hannam
- (Kijerumani) ALCUIN – Regensburger Infothek der Scholastik – Huge database with information on biography, text chronology, editions.
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