Twórczość Andrzeja Sapkowskiego od wielu lat cieszy się dużą popularnością w Polsce i za granicą ... more Twórczość Andrzeja Sapkowskiego od wielu lat cieszy się dużą popularnością w Polsce i za granicą (większość jego książek została przetłumaczona na kilkanaście języków). Można z dużym prawdopodobieństwem założyć, iż jedną z przyczyn tej popularności są dynamicznie skonstruowane opisy scen walki. Celem badania jest analiza mechanizmów tej dynamiczności z zastosowaniem aparatu teoretycznego wypracowanego przez Ronalda Langackera. W ramach artykułu analizowany jest układ mentalnych ścieżek dostępu zastosowany w oryginale opowiadania w języku polskim i w tłumaczeniu na język angielski. Pozwala to na udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy konstrukcja scen walki w oryginale i w tłumaczeniu jest równie dynamiczna, a w przypadku rozbieżności, na rozstrzygnięcie, czy powstały one wskutek różnic między systemem języka polskiego i angielskiego, czy też wynikały z indywidualnych decyzji podjętych przez tłumacza.
[in English]
Conceptual structures' dynamicity. Fight scenes in a short story Wiedźmin by A. Sapkowski and its English translation
Andrzej Sapkowski's literary work has been very popular in Poland and abroad. Most of his books have been translated into several languages. It can be safely assumed that one of the reasons for this popularity are dynamically constructed descriptions of the fight scenes. The aim of the study is to analyse the mechanisms of the dynamicity within the framework of Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. This article examines and compares the paths of mental access used in the original story in Polish and in its English translation. It makes it possible to state whether the construction of the fight scenes in the original and in the translation has the same level of dynamicity and, in the case of divergences, to decide whether the discrepancies resulted from the differences between Polish and English, or from individual decisions taken by the translator.
This paper deals with the interdisciplinary project concerning the ways of representing erotic re... more This paper deals with the interdisciplinary project concerning the ways of representing erotic relations in literary language, developed by the research group from the Institute of Iberian and Ibero-American Studies at the University of Warsaw. Starting with the solutions adopted by the project to display the study results, we highlight the importance of using advanced technologies in the humanities. Online access to the results – in the form of an online database – make them useful not only for literature and linguistics investigators but also for researchers from other disciplines, for example, anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists etc. from all over the world. The main objectives, challenges, and perspectives of the project were presented during a workshop held at the 7th Global Conference: The Erotic (Exploring Critical Issues), Mansfield College, Oxford. The conference delegates – representing a variety of academic and non-academic disciplines – were shown some of the database’s functions and were asked to complete some activities related to the project based on text samples in English. The feedback we received from the workshop has provided us with valuable and interesting insights into some of the problems which our research team has been facing, for example, the issues of interpreting erotic relations. This article will systematise and recapitulate the main points and results of the project and workshop.
The erotic is a complex and highly problematic phenomenon that scholars have agonised over for ce... more The erotic is a complex and highly problematic phenomenon that scholars have agonised over for centuries. Generally speaking, the erotic refers to sex and sexuality. However, it is a multifaceted term that holds multiple, meanings for different people. The erotic, on the one hand, is personal – a collection of thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and sensations shared with one's self or other people. On the other hand, it is explicitly public – subject to censorship, scientific study, penalisation, political debate, and reproduction in art. It is also the basis of this volume, which includes chapters from 14 different authors who presented their ideas on eroticism at the 7th Global Conference: The Erotic (Exploring Critical Issues) at Mansfield College, Oxford in September 2012. This volume offers a broad perspective on issues of the erotic with the authors representing not only a wide variety of academic and non-academic disciplines but also a range of countries from across the globe.
Gabriel García Márquez’s prose has been the topic of numerous theoretical and critical studies. T... more Gabriel García Márquez’s prose has been the topic of numerous theoretical and critical studies. The majority of them, however, have been addressing such issues as the magic realism and the relation between myth and history. Much less attention has been paid to formal features of his works. The present article constitutes an attempt of applying a different approach. We analyze formal, i.e. syntactic features of direct speech framing expressions in Buen viaje, señor presidente as the starting point. Syntactic analysis leads to in-depth pragmatic reading of dialogic turns, which reveals their hidden senses. The dialogic turns and framing expressions taken together provide insight to the dynamics of interpersonal situation portrayed in the story. Further application of the same close-reading technique to the Polish translation of the story proves that syntactic and lexical departures from the source text observed in the translated text lead to a different reading of both dialogic turns and the interpersonal situation. Hence our analysis offers evidence in favor the importance of formal aspects of direct speech framing turns in narratives. We also show that applying linguistic-oriented close reading techniques to literary text may reveal some hitherto undisclosed layers of meaning, even in canonical texts of profoundly studied authors.
This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary ... more This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary text: a short story of Gabriel García Márquez “Buen viaje, señor Presidente” and its English translation. “Close reading” technique carried out on rather linguistic than literary basis allows for adding yet another layer of interpretation to this complex story. The analysis concentrates on the representation of direct speech and particularly on the impact of direct speech framing clauses on the reading of dialogic turns. Specifically, it is argued that the explicit mention of the addressee by indirect object pronouns (which are optional in direct speech framing turns) in Spanish makes the tension between the two protagonists even more palpable, therefore apparently courteous turns can be interpreted as defiant or otherwise antagonistic. In English similar role is played by the contrast between the absence of quotative inversion with subject pronouns and its presence when speakers are identified by full nominals. The parallel effect in both linguistic versions is traced to the distinction between linguistic items carrying mainly conceptual meaning (nominals) and carrying mainly procedural meaning (pronouns) and to the different ways these two kind of elements are processed in comprehension. The paper also provides some arguments for leaving aside literary considerations and treating a literary text as an act of ostensive communication.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" no es un cuento típico de Gabriel García Márquez por la alta conce... more "Buen viaje, señor presidente" no es un cuento típico de Gabriel García Márquez por la alta concentración del diálogo. Consideramos el papel de este crucial para la comprensión del relato. A consecuencia, la materia dialogística del estudio exige la aproximación interdisciplinaria. Por eso, en el presente artículo primero analizaremos los diálogos concentrándonos en especial en su enmaración y en la función de los pronombres en ella. Mostraremos cómo las expresiones de enmaración influyen en la lectura de los enunciados en estilo directo. A continuación, verificaremos los resultados del análisis de carácter lingüístico a la luz de algunos elementos de la narración. Estas dos aproximaciones nos permitirán observar a cuántos niveles se construye el efecto dramático de la narrativa, en qué consiste este efecto y cómo impacta al lector.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" differs from other stories by Gabriel García Márquez, by the high amount of dialogue. The role of dialogue is crucial to understanding of the story and it requires the application of interdisciplinary techniques to its analysis. This article first analyzes the direct speech framing clauses and particularly the use of pronouns in them. It is shown how framing expressions influence readings of direct speech passages. Next, the results of the linguistic analysis are confronted with analyses of some elements of the narrative. The interdisciplinary approach explains the various levels on which the dramatic effect of the narrative is built, what is this effect and how it affects the reader.
), Realidades heterogéneas. Reflexiones en torno a la literatura, lengua, historia y cultura ibéricas e iberoamericanas, 2012
Los cuentos tempranos de Gabriel García Márquez suscitan varias controversias entre los estudioso... more Los cuentos tempranos de Gabriel García Márquez suscitan varias controversias entre los estudiosos. Muchos críticos, como el mismo Mario Vargas Llosa, los han considerado solamente unos ejercicios de oficio de escribir sin mayor interés literario. Mientras tanto, el desarrollo reciente de ciencias cognitivas ha incitado esperanzas de que sea posible aplicación del aparato lingüístico preciso a los textos literarios y, por consiguiente, su relectura. En nuestro artículo presentamos una propuesta de análisis de uno de los cuentos tempranos, Ojos de perro azul, a partir de la teoría de la integración conceptual elaborada por Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Con el uso de este logro reciente del cognitivismo es posible encontrar incluso en la obra más temprana del Nobel colombiano los principios del poder seductor que ejerce desde hace décadas sobre sus lectores.
The early short stories by Gabriel García Márquez have caused much controversy among the experts. Various critics, like Mario Vargas Llosa, have rated them as only story-writing exercise devoid of major literary value. However, a recent development in cognitive science has spurred hopes of application of precise language analysis to literary texts and, therefore, its rereading. The paper that follows present an example of a cognitive analysis of one of the early short stories, Ojos de perro azul, on the strength of the Conceptual Integration Theory (called also Blending Theory) formulated by Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Through this recent cognitive achievement it is possible to notice the seed of seductive power of the prose of the future Colombian Nobel Prize winner even in his earliest short stories.
Gabriel García Márquez es un punto de referencia incuestionable en el mundo literario contemporán... more Gabriel García Márquez es un punto de referencia incuestionable en el mundo literario contemporáneo. Sin embargo, raras veces se analiza su obra en el contexto de los nuevos (sub)géneros literarios como microcuento. Aunque apenas se pueden encontrar ejemplos de tales
textos en la producción del autor colombiano, los pocos que existen gozan de la popularidad arrolladora en la Internet. Por eso, en el estudio que sigue, analizamos los recursos utilizados por García Márquez en los microcuentos para atraer al lector, para seducirlo. Asimismo, nos planteamos la pregunta: ¿difieren estos recursos en alguna medida del conjunto de armas literarias esgrimidas por el autor colombiano en sus novelas o cuentos tradicionales?
Encuentros 2010. Vol. IV. ¿Dentro/Fuera? Nuevas perspectivas sobre la identidad y la otredad en las literaturas hispánicas, 2011
A la hora de leer el libro "La pasión turca" de Antonio Gala, que a simple vista es una nada espe... more A la hora de leer el libro "La pasión turca" de Antonio Gala, que a simple vista es una nada especial novela rosa, atrajo nuestra atención el empeño del autor en relacionar el nombre de la protagonista Desideria (y de los personajes que la rodeaban) con la trama, Se nota un vínculo fuerte entra la identidad y el nombre. En el análisis que sigue intentaremos relacionar el manejo del nombre propio en la novela con unos conceptos culturales antiguos. Además, analizaremos unos ejemplos del lenguaje erótico estilizado al lenguaje místico. Trataremos también de demostrar que una vez dado, el nombre del personaje influye de una manera inmensa en el desarrollo de la trama.
Although at first glance Antonio Gala's novel "The Turkish Passion" looks like another romantic novel, the surprising effort of the author to relate the name of the main character, Desideria, to the plot and to other characters seems to be of utmost interest. In the analysis that follows we will try to relate the usage of this proper name to the variety of cultural concepts. Furthermore, we will analyze some examples of the erotic language which resembles the mystical one. We shall also try to demostrate that the name of a character might greatly influence the development of the plot.
Twórczość Andrzeja Sapkowskiego od wielu lat cieszy się dużą popularnością w Polsce i za granicą ... more Twórczość Andrzeja Sapkowskiego od wielu lat cieszy się dużą popularnością w Polsce i za granicą (większość jego książek została przetłumaczona na kilkanaście języków). Można z dużym prawdopodobieństwem założyć, iż jedną z przyczyn tej popularności są dynamicznie skonstruowane opisy scen walki. Celem badania jest analiza mechanizmów tej dynamiczności z zastosowaniem aparatu teoretycznego wypracowanego przez Ronalda Langackera. W ramach artykułu analizowany jest układ mentalnych ścieżek dostępu zastosowany w oryginale opowiadania w języku polskim i w tłumaczeniu na język angielski. Pozwala to na udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy konstrukcja scen walki w oryginale i w tłumaczeniu jest równie dynamiczna, a w przypadku rozbieżności, na rozstrzygnięcie, czy powstały one wskutek różnic między systemem języka polskiego i angielskiego, czy też wynikały z indywidualnych decyzji podjętych przez tłumacza.
[in English]
Conceptual structures' dynamicity. Fight scenes in a short story Wiedźmin by A. Sapkowski and its English translation
Andrzej Sapkowski's literary work has been very popular in Poland and abroad. Most of his books have been translated into several languages. It can be safely assumed that one of the reasons for this popularity are dynamically constructed descriptions of the fight scenes. The aim of the study is to analyse the mechanisms of the dynamicity within the framework of Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. This article examines and compares the paths of mental access used in the original story in Polish and in its English translation. It makes it possible to state whether the construction of the fight scenes in the original and in the translation has the same level of dynamicity and, in the case of divergences, to decide whether the discrepancies resulted from the differences between Polish and English, or from individual decisions taken by the translator.
This paper deals with the interdisciplinary project concerning the ways of representing erotic re... more This paper deals with the interdisciplinary project concerning the ways of representing erotic relations in literary language, developed by the research group from the Institute of Iberian and Ibero-American Studies at the University of Warsaw. Starting with the solutions adopted by the project to display the study results, we highlight the importance of using advanced technologies in the humanities. Online access to the results – in the form of an online database – make them useful not only for literature and linguistics investigators but also for researchers from other disciplines, for example, anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists etc. from all over the world. The main objectives, challenges, and perspectives of the project were presented during a workshop held at the 7th Global Conference: The Erotic (Exploring Critical Issues), Mansfield College, Oxford. The conference delegates – representing a variety of academic and non-academic disciplines – were shown some of the database’s functions and were asked to complete some activities related to the project based on text samples in English. The feedback we received from the workshop has provided us with valuable and interesting insights into some of the problems which our research team has been facing, for example, the issues of interpreting erotic relations. This article will systematise and recapitulate the main points and results of the project and workshop.
The erotic is a complex and highly problematic phenomenon that scholars have agonised over for ce... more The erotic is a complex and highly problematic phenomenon that scholars have agonised over for centuries. Generally speaking, the erotic refers to sex and sexuality. However, it is a multifaceted term that holds multiple, meanings for different people. The erotic, on the one hand, is personal – a collection of thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and sensations shared with one's self or other people. On the other hand, it is explicitly public – subject to censorship, scientific study, penalisation, political debate, and reproduction in art. It is also the basis of this volume, which includes chapters from 14 different authors who presented their ideas on eroticism at the 7th Global Conference: The Erotic (Exploring Critical Issues) at Mansfield College, Oxford in September 2012. This volume offers a broad perspective on issues of the erotic with the authors representing not only a wide variety of academic and non-academic disciplines but also a range of countries from across the globe.
Gabriel García Márquez’s prose has been the topic of numerous theoretical and critical studies. T... more Gabriel García Márquez’s prose has been the topic of numerous theoretical and critical studies. The majority of them, however, have been addressing such issues as the magic realism and the relation between myth and history. Much less attention has been paid to formal features of his works. The present article constitutes an attempt of applying a different approach. We analyze formal, i.e. syntactic features of direct speech framing expressions in Buen viaje, señor presidente as the starting point. Syntactic analysis leads to in-depth pragmatic reading of dialogic turns, which reveals their hidden senses. The dialogic turns and framing expressions taken together provide insight to the dynamics of interpersonal situation portrayed in the story. Further application of the same close-reading technique to the Polish translation of the story proves that syntactic and lexical departures from the source text observed in the translated text lead to a different reading of both dialogic turns and the interpersonal situation. Hence our analysis offers evidence in favor the importance of formal aspects of direct speech framing turns in narratives. We also show that applying linguistic-oriented close reading techniques to literary text may reveal some hitherto undisclosed layers of meaning, even in canonical texts of profoundly studied authors.
This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary ... more This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary text: a short story of Gabriel García Márquez “Buen viaje, señor Presidente” and its English translation. “Close reading” technique carried out on rather linguistic than literary basis allows for adding yet another layer of interpretation to this complex story. The analysis concentrates on the representation of direct speech and particularly on the impact of direct speech framing clauses on the reading of dialogic turns. Specifically, it is argued that the explicit mention of the addressee by indirect object pronouns (which are optional in direct speech framing turns) in Spanish makes the tension between the two protagonists even more palpable, therefore apparently courteous turns can be interpreted as defiant or otherwise antagonistic. In English similar role is played by the contrast between the absence of quotative inversion with subject pronouns and its presence when speakers are identified by full nominals. The parallel effect in both linguistic versions is traced to the distinction between linguistic items carrying mainly conceptual meaning (nominals) and carrying mainly procedural meaning (pronouns) and to the different ways these two kind of elements are processed in comprehension. The paper also provides some arguments for leaving aside literary considerations and treating a literary text as an act of ostensive communication.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" no es un cuento típico de Gabriel García Márquez por la alta conce... more "Buen viaje, señor presidente" no es un cuento típico de Gabriel García Márquez por la alta concentración del diálogo. Consideramos el papel de este crucial para la comprensión del relato. A consecuencia, la materia dialogística del estudio exige la aproximación interdisciplinaria. Por eso, en el presente artículo primero analizaremos los diálogos concentrándonos en especial en su enmaración y en la función de los pronombres en ella. Mostraremos cómo las expresiones de enmaración influyen en la lectura de los enunciados en estilo directo. A continuación, verificaremos los resultados del análisis de carácter lingüístico a la luz de algunos elementos de la narración. Estas dos aproximaciones nos permitirán observar a cuántos niveles se construye el efecto dramático de la narrativa, en qué consiste este efecto y cómo impacta al lector.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" differs from other stories by Gabriel García Márquez, by the high amount of dialogue. The role of dialogue is crucial to understanding of the story and it requires the application of interdisciplinary techniques to its analysis. This article first analyzes the direct speech framing clauses and particularly the use of pronouns in them. It is shown how framing expressions influence readings of direct speech passages. Next, the results of the linguistic analysis are confronted with analyses of some elements of the narrative. The interdisciplinary approach explains the various levels on which the dramatic effect of the narrative is built, what is this effect and how it affects the reader.
), Realidades heterogéneas. Reflexiones en torno a la literatura, lengua, historia y cultura ibéricas e iberoamericanas, 2012
Los cuentos tempranos de Gabriel García Márquez suscitan varias controversias entre los estudioso... more Los cuentos tempranos de Gabriel García Márquez suscitan varias controversias entre los estudiosos. Muchos críticos, como el mismo Mario Vargas Llosa, los han considerado solamente unos ejercicios de oficio de escribir sin mayor interés literario. Mientras tanto, el desarrollo reciente de ciencias cognitivas ha incitado esperanzas de que sea posible aplicación del aparato lingüístico preciso a los textos literarios y, por consiguiente, su relectura. En nuestro artículo presentamos una propuesta de análisis de uno de los cuentos tempranos, Ojos de perro azul, a partir de la teoría de la integración conceptual elaborada por Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Con el uso de este logro reciente del cognitivismo es posible encontrar incluso en la obra más temprana del Nobel colombiano los principios del poder seductor que ejerce desde hace décadas sobre sus lectores.
The early short stories by Gabriel García Márquez have caused much controversy among the experts. Various critics, like Mario Vargas Llosa, have rated them as only story-writing exercise devoid of major literary value. However, a recent development in cognitive science has spurred hopes of application of precise language analysis to literary texts and, therefore, its rereading. The paper that follows present an example of a cognitive analysis of one of the early short stories, Ojos de perro azul, on the strength of the Conceptual Integration Theory (called also Blending Theory) formulated by Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Through this recent cognitive achievement it is possible to notice the seed of seductive power of the prose of the future Colombian Nobel Prize winner even in his earliest short stories.
Gabriel García Márquez es un punto de referencia incuestionable en el mundo literario contemporán... more Gabriel García Márquez es un punto de referencia incuestionable en el mundo literario contemporáneo. Sin embargo, raras veces se analiza su obra en el contexto de los nuevos (sub)géneros literarios como microcuento. Aunque apenas se pueden encontrar ejemplos de tales
textos en la producción del autor colombiano, los pocos que existen gozan de la popularidad arrolladora en la Internet. Por eso, en el estudio que sigue, analizamos los recursos utilizados por García Márquez en los microcuentos para atraer al lector, para seducirlo. Asimismo, nos planteamos la pregunta: ¿difieren estos recursos en alguna medida del conjunto de armas literarias esgrimidas por el autor colombiano en sus novelas o cuentos tradicionales?
Encuentros 2010. Vol. IV. ¿Dentro/Fuera? Nuevas perspectivas sobre la identidad y la otredad en las literaturas hispánicas, 2011
A la hora de leer el libro "La pasión turca" de Antonio Gala, que a simple vista es una nada espe... more A la hora de leer el libro "La pasión turca" de Antonio Gala, que a simple vista es una nada especial novela rosa, atrajo nuestra atención el empeño del autor en relacionar el nombre de la protagonista Desideria (y de los personajes que la rodeaban) con la trama, Se nota un vínculo fuerte entra la identidad y el nombre. En el análisis que sigue intentaremos relacionar el manejo del nombre propio en la novela con unos conceptos culturales antiguos. Además, analizaremos unos ejemplos del lenguaje erótico estilizado al lenguaje místico. Trataremos también de demostrar que una vez dado, el nombre del personaje influye de una manera inmensa en el desarrollo de la trama.
Although at first glance Antonio Gala's novel "The Turkish Passion" looks like another romantic novel, the surprising effort of the author to relate the name of the main character, Desideria, to the plot and to other characters seems to be of utmost interest. In the analysis that follows we will try to relate the usage of this proper name to the variety of cultural concepts. Furthermore, we will analyze some examples of the erotic language which resembles the mystical one. We shall also try to demostrate that the name of a character might greatly influence the development of the plot.
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Papers by Paulina Nalewajko
[in English]
Conceptual structures' dynamicity. Fight scenes in a short story Wiedźmin by A. Sapkowski and its English translation
Andrzej Sapkowski's literary work has been very popular in Poland and abroad. Most of his books have been translated into several languages. It can be safely assumed that one of the reasons for this popularity are dynamically constructed descriptions of the fight scenes. The aim of the study is to analyse the mechanisms of the dynamicity within the framework of Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. This article examines and compares the paths of mental access used in the original story in Polish and in its English translation. It makes it possible to state whether the construction of the fight scenes in the original and in the translation has the same level of dynamicity and, in the case of divergences, to decide whether the discrepancies resulted from the differences between Polish and English, or from individual decisions taken by the translator.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" differs from other stories by Gabriel García Márquez, by the high amount of dialogue. The role of dialogue is crucial to understanding of the story and it requires the application of interdisciplinary techniques to its analysis. This article first analyzes the direct speech framing clauses and particularly the use of pronouns in them. It is shown how framing expressions influence readings of direct speech passages. Next, the results of the linguistic analysis are confronted with analyses of some elements of the narrative. The interdisciplinary approach explains the various levels on which the dramatic effect of the narrative is built, what is this effect and how it affects the reader.
The early short stories by Gabriel García Márquez have caused much controversy among the experts. Various critics, like Mario Vargas Llosa, have rated them as only story-writing exercise devoid of major literary value. However, a recent development in cognitive science has spurred hopes of application of precise language analysis to literary texts and, therefore, its rereading. The paper that follows present an example of a cognitive analysis of one of the early short stories, Ojos de perro azul, on the strength of the Conceptual Integration Theory (called also Blending Theory) formulated by Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Through this recent cognitive achievement it is possible to notice the seed of seductive power of the prose of the future Colombian Nobel Prize winner even in his earliest short stories.
textos en la producción del autor colombiano, los pocos que existen gozan de la popularidad arrolladora en la Internet. Por eso, en el estudio que sigue, analizamos los recursos utilizados por García Márquez en los microcuentos para atraer al lector, para seducirlo. Asimismo, nos planteamos la pregunta: ¿difieren estos recursos en alguna medida del conjunto de armas literarias esgrimidas por el autor colombiano en sus novelas o cuentos tradicionales?
Although at first glance Antonio Gala's novel "The Turkish Passion" looks like another romantic novel, the surprising effort of the author to relate the name of the main character, Desideria, to the plot and to other characters seems to be of utmost interest. In the analysis that follows we will try to relate the usage of this proper name to the variety of cultural concepts. Furthermore, we will analyze some examples of the erotic language which resembles the mystical one. We shall also try to demostrate that the name of a character might greatly influence the development of the plot.
[in English]
Conceptual structures' dynamicity. Fight scenes in a short story Wiedźmin by A. Sapkowski and its English translation
Andrzej Sapkowski's literary work has been very popular in Poland and abroad. Most of his books have been translated into several languages. It can be safely assumed that one of the reasons for this popularity are dynamically constructed descriptions of the fight scenes. The aim of the study is to analyse the mechanisms of the dynamicity within the framework of Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. This article examines and compares the paths of mental access used in the original story in Polish and in its English translation. It makes it possible to state whether the construction of the fight scenes in the original and in the translation has the same level of dynamicity and, in the case of divergences, to decide whether the discrepancies resulted from the differences between Polish and English, or from individual decisions taken by the translator.
"Buen viaje, señor presidente" differs from other stories by Gabriel García Márquez, by the high amount of dialogue. The role of dialogue is crucial to understanding of the story and it requires the application of interdisciplinary techniques to its analysis. This article first analyzes the direct speech framing clauses and particularly the use of pronouns in them. It is shown how framing expressions influence readings of direct speech passages. Next, the results of the linguistic analysis are confronted with analyses of some elements of the narrative. The interdisciplinary approach explains the various levels on which the dramatic effect of the narrative is built, what is this effect and how it affects the reader.
The early short stories by Gabriel García Márquez have caused much controversy among the experts. Various critics, like Mario Vargas Llosa, have rated them as only story-writing exercise devoid of major literary value. However, a recent development in cognitive science has spurred hopes of application of precise language analysis to literary texts and, therefore, its rereading. The paper that follows present an example of a cognitive analysis of one of the early short stories, Ojos de perro azul, on the strength of the Conceptual Integration Theory (called also Blending Theory) formulated by Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner. Through this recent cognitive achievement it is possible to notice the seed of seductive power of the prose of the future Colombian Nobel Prize winner even in his earliest short stories.
textos en la producción del autor colombiano, los pocos que existen gozan de la popularidad arrolladora en la Internet. Por eso, en el estudio que sigue, analizamos los recursos utilizados por García Márquez en los microcuentos para atraer al lector, para seducirlo. Asimismo, nos planteamos la pregunta: ¿difieren estos recursos en alguna medida del conjunto de armas literarias esgrimidas por el autor colombiano en sus novelas o cuentos tradicionales?
Although at first glance Antonio Gala's novel "The Turkish Passion" looks like another romantic novel, the surprising effort of the author to relate the name of the main character, Desideria, to the plot and to other characters seems to be of utmost interest. In the analysis that follows we will try to relate the usage of this proper name to the variety of cultural concepts. Furthermore, we will analyze some examples of the erotic language which resembles the mystical one. We shall also try to demostrate that the name of a character might greatly influence the development of the plot.