Papers by Leon Ciechanowski
Journal of Business Research
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Journal of Business Research
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Journal of Business Research
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Journal of Business Research, 2020
Current technological developments, as well as widespread application of artificial intelligence,... more Current technological developments, as well as widespread application of artificial intelligence, will doubtlessly continue to impact how people live and work. In this research, we explored synergies between human workers and AI in managerial tasks. We hypothesized that human-AI collaboration will increase productivity. In the paper, several levels of proximity between AI and humans in a work setting are distinguished. The multi-stage study, covering the exploratory phase in which we conducted a study of preferences using 10-item Likert scale, was conducted with a sample of 366 respondents. The study focused on working with different types of AI. The second and third phase of the study, in which we primarily used qualitative methods (scenario-based design combined with semi-structured interviews with six participants), focused on researching modes of collaboration between humans and virtual assistants. The study results generally confirmed our hypothesis about increased productivity due to enhanced human-AI collaboration, proving that the future of AI in knowledge work needs to focus not on full automation but rather on collaborative approaches where humans and AI work closely together.
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Sustainability, 2021
In this experiment, we operated within the novel research area of Informal Green Spaces (often ca... more In this experiment, we operated within the novel research area of Informal Green Spaces (often called green wastelands), exploring emotional well-being with the employment of portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices. The apparatus (commercial EEG Muse headband) provided an opportunity to analyze states of calmness and alertness in n = 20 participants as they visited selected Informal Green Spaces in Warsaw, Poland. The article aims to test the hypothesis that passive recreation in Informal Green Spaces (IGSs) has a positive impact on emotional well-being and that there is a connection between the intensity of states of calmness and alertness and 1. the type of green space (IGS/GS), 2. the type of scenery and 3. the type of IGS. The preliminary experiment showed that there might be no substantial distinction in the users’ levels of emotional states when considering existing typologies. On the other hand, data-driven analysis suggests that there might be a connection between the state of alertness and some characteristics of specific areas. After carrying out the multivariate analyses of variance in the repeated measurement scheme and finding significant differences between oscillations in different areas, we conclude that there might be three possible sources of lower alertness and increased calmness in some areas. These are 1. the presence of “desirable” human intervention such as paths and urban furniture, 2. a lack of “undesirable” users and signs of their presence and 3. the presence of other “desirable” users.
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Journal of Business Research, 2020
In this tutorial, we show how to scrape and collect online data, perform sentiment analysis, soci... more In this tutorial, we show how to scrape and collect online data, perform sentiment analysis, social network
analysis, tribe finding, and Wikidata cross-checks, all without using a single line of programming code. In a step-by-step example, we use self-collected data to perform several analyses of the glass ceiling. Our tutorial can serve as a standalone introduction to data science for qualitative researchers and business researchers, who have avoided learning to program. It should also be useful for experienced data scientists who want to learn about the tools that will allow them to collect and analyze data more easily and effectively.
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Business Horizons, 2019
Chatbots are used frequently in business to facilitate various processes,particularly those relat... more Chatbots are used frequently in business to facilitate various processes,particularly those related to customer service and personalization. In this article,we propose novel methods of tracking human-chatbot interactions and measuringchatbot performance that take into consideration ethical concerns, particularlytrust. Our proposed methodology links neuroscientific methods, text mining, andmachine learning. We argue that trust isthefocalpointofsuccessfulhuman-chatbot interaction and assess how trust as a relevant category is being redefinedwith the advent of deep learning supported chatbots. We propose a novel methodof analyzing the content of messages produced in human-chatbot interactions, us-ing the Condor Tribefinder system we developed for text mining that is based on amachine learning classification engine. Our results will help build better social botsfor interaction in business or commercial environments
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This project has been carried out in the context of recent major developments in botics and more ... more This project has been carried out in the context of recent major developments in botics and more widespread usage of virtual agents in personal and professional sphere. The general purpose of the experiment was to thoroughly examine the character of the human–non-human interaction process. Thus, in the paper, we present a study of human–chatbot interaction, focusing on the affective responses of users to different types of interfaces with which they interact. The experiment consisted of two parts: measurement of psychophysiological reactions of chatbot users and a detailed questionnaire that focused on assessing interactions and willingness to collaborate with a bot. In the first quantitative stage, participants interacted with a chatbot, either with a simple text chatbot (control group) or an avatar reading its responses in addition to only presenting them on the screen (experimental group. We gathered the following psychophysiological data from participants: electromyography (EMG), respirometer (RSP), electrocardiography (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA). In the last, declarative stage, participants filled out a series of questionnaires related to the experience of interacting with (chat)bots and to the overall human–(chat)bot collaboration assessment. The theory of planned behavior survey investigated attitude towards cooperation with chatbots in the future. The social presence survey checked how much the chatbot was considered to be a “real” person. The anthropomorphism scale measured the extent to which the chatbot seems humanlike. Our particular focus was on the so-called uncanny valley effect, consisting of the feeling of eeriness and discomfort towards a given medium or technology that frequently appears in various kinds of human–machine interactions. Our results show that participants were experiencing lesser uncanny effects and less negative affect in cooperation with a simpler text chatbot than with the more complex, animated avatar chatbot. The simple chatbot have also induced less intense psychophysiological reactions. Despite major developments in botics, the user’s affective responses towards bots have frequently been neglected. In our view, understanding the user’s side may be crucial for designing better chatbots in the future and, thus, can contribute to advancing the field of human–computer interaction.
L. Ciechanowski, A. Przegalinska, and M. Magnuski equally contributed to the article.
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We have conducted an observational study on persons participating passively in public lectures. D... more We have conducted an observational study on persons participating passively in public lectures. During a lecture we were measuring the level of focus of listeners using the Muse EEG-headband as well as conducting an observational study of the usage of the device by experiment participants. The purpose was twofold: to understand to what extent commercially available portable EEG-devices can record synchronicity of experience among the audience and to check what kind of usage participants make of this multipurpose device. While we got some preliminary insights, we found that the usefulness in measuring EEG signal of consumer-grade devices such as Muse is extremely limited in non-laboratory conditions.
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Our research is carried out in the context of the ongoing process of introducing artificial intel... more Our research is carried out in the context of the ongoing process of introducing artificial intelligence in the area of social interaction with people, with particular emphasis on the interactions in the professional sphere. In this paper we are providing an overview of methods used so far in researching human-bot interaction as well as describing the methodology behind our experiment using electromyography as well as other psychophysiological data and a detailed set of questionnaires focused on assessing interactions and willingness to collaborate with a bot. Our purpose is to thoroughly examine the character of human/non-human interaction process. Published in International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, 205-214, Springer
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Our paper focused on identifying moderators (i.a. question difficulty) and mediators (i.a. health... more Our paper focused on identifying moderators (i.a. question difficulty) and mediators (i.a. health condition) allowing for better understanding of the relationship between ageing and respondents' tendency to select uninformative answers (" do not know " , " have no opinion " etc.). Our results, based on data obtained in three waves of PGSS study (2002, 2005, 2010), support previous research linking preference for uninformative answers with age-related cognitive decline.
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Open peer commentary on the article “A First-Person Analysis Using Third Person-Data as a Generat... more Open peer commentary on the article “A First-Person Analysis Using Third Person-Data as a Generative Method: A Case Study of Surprise in Depression” by Natalie Depraz, Maria Gyemant & Thomas Desmidt. Upshot: I present a critical review of Depraz et al.’s target article and its promise to provide a novel “generative method” of analyzing first-person micro-phenomenological interviews using third-person physiological data. I argue that although indeed promising, the generative method may still be haunted by the issues pertaining to the other (neuro)phenomenological methods, like experimenter and respondent biases, and the problem with mistaking first-person with second-person data. In the end, I analyze the category of surprise and the way it was extracted from the data.
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In the paper I evaluate an ideomotor (comparator model) and a premotor (action selection) model o... more In the paper I evaluate an ideomotor (comparator model) and a premotor (action selection) model of sense of agency. It is argued that the premotor model is overall more satisfactory in explaining sense of agency but, as I claim, its explanatory power is limited – i.e., there are certain cases where it falls short of it. Accordingly, an alternative model of sense of agency is outlined, which treats the awareness of action as an epiphenomenon.
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In this paper I am describing and evaluating the phenomenological and neurophenomenological propo... more In this paper I am describing and evaluating the phenomenological and neurophenomenological proposal of the analysis of time-consciousness, or time apprehension.
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In this paper I am analyzing the suggestion of neurophenomenology, which states that problems wit... more In this paper I am analyzing the suggestion of neurophenomenology, which states that problems with mistaken attribution of thoughts in schizophrenics are not caused by malfunctions on the higher-order conceptual level, nor on the “middle-way” level of efferent signals losing their way. Neurophenomenologists suggested that the problems lies on the neurological level and is connected with failures of the anticipatory aspect of working memory (WM), reflected in the pre-reflective structure of phenomenal experience. I begin with a brief general introduction of the sense of agency (SoA), then I shortly present the neurophenomenological account of SoA, show how this model postulates the connection of SoA and WM, and close this part with a couple of critical remarks. After describing the problem of SoA for thoughts I argue for the terminological change of inserted thoughts into autochthonous thoughts. Finally, I outline the neurophenomenological proposition of the possible interrelations between WM and SoA. I claim that only after combining different domains like executive functions, contextual factors, emotions, affectivity and SoA, can we account for SoA disturbances as being connected to WM disorders.
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The article is a critical review of two methodological approaches presented in David Chalmers’ bo... more The article is a critical review of two methodological approaches presented in David Chalmers’ book Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. The first one is a problem of possible applications of quantum mechanics in the search for consciousness; the second one is its reversal, i.e. problem of possible applications of the research on consciousness in the study of quantum mechanics. Author presents shortly the history of the connection between mind and quantum mechanics, then describes Chalmers’ views on the subject and finally proposes a criticism of them. The issues under discussion are relatively fresh, quantum mechanics theory is approximately 100 years old, and modern, interdisciplinary approach to consciousness is almost equally new. The idea of their connection appeared around the time of the first formulation of quantum physics. Today, many philosophers, Chalmers included, are enthusiastic about the potential of quantum mechanics to face the “hard problem of consciousness”; all the more so because they are convinced of the major role that consciousness plays in quantum physics.
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Drafts by Leon Ciechanowski
We have conducted an observational study on persons participating passively in public lectures. D... more We have conducted an observational study on persons participating passively in public lectures. During a lecture we were measuring the level of focus of listeners using the Muse EEG-headband as well as conducting an observational study of the usage of the device by experiment participants. The purpose was twofold: to understand to what extent commercially available portable EEG-devices can record synchronicity of experience among the audience and to check what kind of usage participants make of this multipurpose device. While we got some preliminary insights, we found that the usefulness in measuring EEG signal of consumer-grade devices such as Muse is extremely limited in non-laboratory conditions.
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In this short essay I am going to critically analyse the freshly (the theory is ca. 30 years old)... more In this short essay I am going to critically analyse the freshly (the theory is ca. 30 years old) formulated stance towards emotions and affective fundaments of cognition. This fresh stance is dubbed an “enactive approach”, a term formulated by a group of researchers including Francisco Varela, a biologist, neuroscientist and philosopher, a founder of a new method of analysing mind and its products – neurophenomenology. He presented his views on enactivism in the book The embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience, written together with his colleagues Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch (Varela, Thompson, & Rosch, 1991). Enactivism has developed since that time, and now it is an analytic methodology embracing various domains of the study of human mind, like previously cognitivism, connectionism and other theories did. I will not discuss all of the issues concerning mind and its products here from a standpoint of this system, since such an enterprise would require a series of volumes produced on the topic. In fact, I am going to focus on the enactive stance towards the problem of unconscious emotions – I will briefly analyse the possibility of the existence of unconscious emotions, first from a point of view of the “mainstream” psychology, and then in the enactive model. Finally, I will venture to succinctly evaluate the enactive proposal against the background of traditional psychology.
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Papers by Leon Ciechanowski
analysis, tribe finding, and Wikidata cross-checks, all without using a single line of programming code. In a step-by-step example, we use self-collected data to perform several analyses of the glass ceiling. Our tutorial can serve as a standalone introduction to data science for qualitative researchers and business researchers, who have avoided learning to program. It should also be useful for experienced data scientists who want to learn about the tools that will allow them to collect and analyze data more easily and effectively.
L. Ciechanowski, A. Przegalinska, and M. Magnuski equally contributed to the article.
Drafts by Leon Ciechanowski
analysis, tribe finding, and Wikidata cross-checks, all without using a single line of programming code. In a step-by-step example, we use self-collected data to perform several analyses of the glass ceiling. Our tutorial can serve as a standalone introduction to data science for qualitative researchers and business researchers, who have avoided learning to program. It should also be useful for experienced data scientists who want to learn about the tools that will allow them to collect and analyze data more easily and effectively.
L. Ciechanowski, A. Przegalinska, and M. Magnuski equally contributed to the article.
Etap_01: (pre-pilot) Badanie internetowe preferencji estetycznych materiałów wizualnych (użytkownicy deklarujący i niedeklarujący koszmary i zaburzenia snu).
Etap_02: (pilot i badanie z użyciem aplikacji Nightly) Badanie preferencji estetycznych materiałów audiowizualnych Soundscapes w warunkach stymulacji dziennej (badanie internetowe) i nocnej (badanie w aplikacji Nightly) z uwzględnieniem grupy deklarującej zaburzenia snu i koszmary oraz uczestników nie deklarujących koszmarów.
Realizacje audiowizualne mogą mieć szerokie zastosowanie terapeutyczne (działanie antydepresyjne, łagodzące stres pourazowy i koszmary) i wspomagające procesy kognitywne (leczenie bezsenności, poprawiające funkcje poznawcze i wspomagające procesy pamięciowe). Możliwości terapii podczas snu, która nie wymaga od uczestnika dodatkowych nakładów wydają się być bardzo obiecującą formą terapeutyczną.
Parametryzacja czynników oddziałujących na afekt widza z wykorzystaniem wyników badań w obrębie psychologii percepcji, neuroestetyki i neurokina oraz rozwój umiejętności projektowania narracji terapeutycznych dla snu, stają się nowymi wyzwaniami dla interdyscyplinarnych zespołów twórców i badaczy, zwłaszcza w perspektywie immersyjnych nowych mediów angażujących kolejne zmysły i wymiary, jak przestrzeń w stereoskopii oraz wirtualnej, poszerzonej i mieszanej rzeczywistości.
Wyodrębnione parametry bodźców audiowizualnych do badań zostały opracowane m.in. na podstawie wniosków z badań: Davida Bordwella, Jamesa Cuttinga, Anjan Chatterjee.
Metafora kina jako snu jest płodną analogią w kulturze, a w prowadzonych badaniach staje się wymiernym narzędziem terapeutycznym.