The growing construction density and number of apartments in cities have led people to spend more... more The growing construction density and number of apartments in cities have led people to spend more time outdoors, even in cold climates. Outdoor thermal comfort, which is influenced by building physical configurations, is a key factor determining the extent of this tendency. In this study, the effects of building form and layout on outdoor thermal comfort in a residential complex in Tabriz are investigated. For this purpose, several residential complexes are studied, and it is found that perimeter arrangement is predominant in Tabriz. The case study is Shahid Chamran complex, which consists of 28 residential blocks and has perimeter arrangement. For this purpose, ENVI-met software is used to simulate air temperature, mean radiant temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV), wind speed, and relative humidity. In this context, the outdoor thermal comfort in the current condition is compared with six cases with different dimensions and arrangement patterns. Investigations indicated that the combination of the two scattered and peripheral block shapes was the most efficient pattern for providing outdoor thermal comfort, as the mean PMV increased from − 4.31 to − 1.25. U-shaped blocks had acceptable performance due to wind attenuation at the corners. However, the perimeter layout is not suitable for the steppe climate of Tabriz. This study proposes design solutions for urban planners and architects to meet environmental requirements and provide outdoor thermal comfort in cold climates.
The urban environment spatially air quality represents one of the most important sources to globa... more The urban environment spatially air quality represents one of the most important sources to global climate change, while at the same time holding the key to a more sustainable way of living. Given the rapid growth of the function and forms of cities, meeting the requirements of population changes aspects within the context of variable risks overshadowed by environmental challenges (e.g., climate change and air pollution) highly comes to the fore. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the interactions between urban sustainability coupled with urban pollution in order to deals with an integrated approach adopted to improve the air quality of the city of Tabriz at northwest Iran. In this way, six pollution assessment stations within the study area have been examined by using the geographic information system (GIS) to measure the level of pollution in the city. Overall, results of the study revealed the point that pollution level experienced an increasing trend and the weather ...
Variability models, feature diagrams (FDs) ahead, are commonly used to document product line (PL)... more Variability models, feature diagrams (FDs) ahead, are commonly used to document product line (PL) requirements. They are also often used during product derivation where they are fed to configuration tools which support semi-automated feature selection. Configuration tools facilitate this task by automatically propagating the decisions made and by ensuring their overall consistency. However, most feature-based configuration tools assume that there exists a single monolithic FD and do not account for configuration processes that are ...
The growing construction density and number of apartments in cities have led people to spend more... more The growing construction density and number of apartments in cities have led people to spend more time outdoors, even in cold climates. Outdoor thermal comfort, which is influenced by building physical configurations, is a key factor determining the extent of this tendency. In this study, the effects of building form and layout on outdoor thermal comfort in a residential complex in Tabriz are investigated. For this purpose, several residential complexes are studied, and it is found that perimeter arrangement is predominant in Tabriz. The case study is Shahid Chamran complex, which consists of 28 residential blocks and has perimeter arrangement. For this purpose, ENVI-met software is used to simulate air temperature, mean radiant temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV), wind speed, and relative humidity. In this context, the outdoor thermal comfort in the current condition is compared with six cases with different dimensions and arrangement patterns. Investigations indicated that the combination of the two scattered and peripheral block shapes was the most efficient pattern for providing outdoor thermal comfort, as the mean PMV increased from − 4.31 to − 1.25. U-shaped blocks had acceptable performance due to wind attenuation at the corners. However, the perimeter layout is not suitable for the steppe climate of Tabriz. This study proposes design solutions for urban planners and architects to meet environmental requirements and provide outdoor thermal comfort in cold climates.
The urban environment spatially air quality represents one of the most important sources to globa... more The urban environment spatially air quality represents one of the most important sources to global climate change, while at the same time holding the key to a more sustainable way of living. Given the rapid growth of the function and forms of cities, meeting the requirements of population changes aspects within the context of variable risks overshadowed by environmental challenges (e.g., climate change and air pollution) highly comes to the fore. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the interactions between urban sustainability coupled with urban pollution in order to deals with an integrated approach adopted to improve the air quality of the city of Tabriz at northwest Iran. In this way, six pollution assessment stations within the study area have been examined by using the geographic information system (GIS) to measure the level of pollution in the city. Overall, results of the study revealed the point that pollution level experienced an increasing trend and the weather ...
Variability models, feature diagrams (FDs) ahead, are commonly used to document product line (PL)... more Variability models, feature diagrams (FDs) ahead, are commonly used to document product line (PL) requirements. They are also often used during product derivation where they are fed to configuration tools which support semi-automated feature selection. Configuration tools facilitate this task by automatically propagating the decisions made and by ensuring their overall consistency. However, most feature-based configuration tools assume that there exists a single monolithic FD and do not account for configuration processes that are ...
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