Elham Bifari

Global warming and rising energy needs have prompted a renewed interest in alternative energy technologies. In recent years, dye-sensitized solar cells have gained substantial interest due to their potential for inexpensive photovoltaic energy conversion. Among variable organic photosensitizers, those based on cyanine (Cy) and hemicyanine (HCy) are notable for their stability and high molar absorption coefficients in the visible to near infrared spectral range. This article focuses on the most up-to-date advances and methods used in the structural design and synthetic approaches of Cy and HCy-based photosensitizers. The photophysical characteristics, photovoltaic parameters, and solar cell performances of their simple and advanced molecular structure engineering are discussed. The review also included recent strategies of utilizing Cy and HCy in solar cells as co-sensitizers or as part of the tandem devices to extend the panchromatic response. Hence, establishing a solid correlation between the structural design of Cy and HCy sensitizers, their panchromatic responses, and their conversion efficiencies would greatly help optimize new dyes to produce photovoltaic cells with efficient solar-energy conversion.

The fundamentals of Pd-catalyzed Csp2−Csp2 Miyaura borylation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and Stille cross-coupling reactions for a variety of borylated precursors based on phenothiazine (PTZ), phenoxazine (POZ), carbazole (Cz), and quinoxaline (QX) units have been explored. Three palladium-based catalysts were chosen for this study: Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, and Pd(dppf)Cl2, applying different reaction conditions. Around 16 desired chromophores were successfully designed and synthesized using C-C cross-coupling reactions in moderate to excellent yields, including PTZ, POZ, and Cz units coupled with QX, indolinium iodide, thienyl, phenyl, or triphenylamine moieties. Additionally, PTZ, POZ, and Cz have been employed in synthesizing various pinacol boronate ester derivatives in good to moderate yields. Interestingly, Pd(dppf)Cl2 was found to be the best catalyst for borylation, and C-C cross-coupling reactions occurred in as little as 30 min, with an excellent yield exceeding 98%. Pd(PPh3)...

The development of polymer nanocomposites by incorporating variable nanofillers has attracted attention of scientists, researchers and industrial sectors due to their dramatic improvement in various properties. Cellulose acetate (CA) based nanocomposites have interesting history in the field of medical applications because CA meets a wide range of biomedical implant properties. Since cellulose acetate is considered as a biodegradable, renewable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and biocompatible material, it raised up the unique advantages over many other materials. This review is designed to provide a broad overview of cellulose acetate nanocomposites in the field of medical applications and medical devices.

The development of polymer nanocomposites by incorporating variable nanofillers has attracted attention of scientists, researchers and industrial sectors due to their dramatic improvement in various properties. Cellulose acetate (CA) based nanocomposites have interesting history in the field of medical applications because CA meets a wide range of biomedical implant properties. Since cellulose acetate is considered as a biodegradable, renewable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and biocompatible material, it raised up the unique advantages over many other materials. This review is designed to provide a broad overview of cellulose acetate nanocomposites in the field of medical applications and medical devices.