Biochemical properties, i.e. endogenous abscisic acid, proline, sugars, respiration, adenosine ph... more Biochemical properties, i.e. endogenous abscisic acid, proline, sugars, respiration, adenosine phosphates and adenylate energy charge, and growth and moisture content were measured during the development of seeds of Machilus thunbergii. As dry matter accumulated in the embryo during development, moisture content, ABA, proline, respiration and sugars all declined. At maturity, the dry mass of the seeds failed to attain a
Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polym... more Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity in a variety of normal rat tissues, regenerating rat liver and a series of 12 types of rat hepatomas. DNA polymerase in these tissues, isolated by the Mantsavinos ...
Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polym... more Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity in a variety of normal rat tissues, regenerating rat liver and a series of 12 types of rat hepatomas. DNA polymerase in these tissues, isolated by the Mantsavinos ...
The population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis based o... more The population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation is described. Two populations (Chilanshan and Alishan) of these two Chamaecyparis species are investigated for population differentiation. Shannon's phenotypic index was used to estimate Ho of these two Chamaecyparis species based on RAPD variation. RAPD analysis showed that the Chilanshan population had higher
Membrane phospholipids play an important role in acclimation of seeds to desiccation stresses. Th... more Membrane phospholipids play an important role in acclimation of seeds to desiccation stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of phospholipids and the fatty acids in embryonic axes of several recalcitrant seeds and orthodox seeds. The range of ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds and orthodox seeds was overlapping. Percentage of saturation of fatty acids of phospholipid (stearic acid, C18:0 and palmitic acid, C16:0) was significantly different between orthodox seeds (in the range of 16% to 27%) and recalcitrant seeds (32% to 36%) and this difference also reflected in the apparent lower phase transition temperature of orthodox seeds. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3) of phospholipid was overlapping in both seed types. In conclusion, recalcitrant seed while sharing recalcitrance, exhibited greater fatty acid saturation and higher weight percentage of linolenic acid (C18:3) i...
The genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae) is comprised of six taxa native to East Asia and North Ame... more The genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae) is comprised of six taxa native to East Asia and North America. Two independent lineages from eastern North America to East Asia and from western North America to East Asia have been identified from phylogenetic analyses based on variation in plastid DNA (ptDNA). However, the trees inferred from a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), the NEEDLY intron 2, and combined data from genetic and morphological characters of other studies are incongruent with the tree inferred from ptDNA. In this study, we sequenced the plastid matK gene as well as other sequences acquired from GenBank including the matK, rbcL, and nrITS sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees of Chamaecyparis. The phylogenetic topology inferred from matK was congruent with the previous inference obtained using other ptDNA markers while the rbcL and ITS trees were congruent with previously inferred trees using the combined data and ITS sequences, respectively. ...
Positive selection in the -crystallin domain (ACD) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (C... more Positive selection in the -crystallin domain (ACD) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) gene was found in a previous study and was suggested to be related to the ecological adaptation of Rhododendron species in the subgenus Hymenanthes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine whether gene duplication and subsequent divergence have occurred in other sHSP genes, for example class I cytosolic sHSP genes (CT1sHSPs) in Rhododendron in Taiwan, where many endemic species have evolved as a result of habitat differentiation. A phylogeny of CT1sHSP amino acid sequences was built from Rhododendron, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis vinifera and other species for elucidation of the phylogenetic relationships among CT1sHSPs. Phylogenies of Rhododendron CT1sHSP nucleotide and amino acid sequences were generated for positive selection and functional divergence analysis, respectively. Positively selected sites and amino acid differences between types...
The genetic variation and divergence estimated by allozyme analysis were used to reveal the evolu... more The genetic variation and divergence estimated by allozyme analysis were used to reveal the evolutionary history of Castanopsis carlesii in Taiwan. Two major questions were discussed concerning evolutionary issues: where are the diversity centres, and where are the most genetically divergent sites in Taiwan? Twenty-two populations of C. carlesii were sampled throughout Taiwan. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to assay allozyme variation. Genetic parameters and mean FST values of each population were analysed using the BIOSYS-2 program. Mean F(ST) values of each population against the remaining populations, considered as genetic divergence, were estimated using the FSTAT program. Average values of genetic parameters describing the within-population variation, the average number of alleles per locus (A=2.5), the effective number of alleles per locus (Ae=1.38), the allelic richness (Ar=2.38), the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=69%), and the expected heterozygosity (He=0.270) were...
Biochemical properties, i.e. endogenous abscisic acid, proline, sugars, respiration, adenosine ph... more Biochemical properties, i.e. endogenous abscisic acid, proline, sugars, respiration, adenosine phosphates and adenylate energy charge, and growth and moisture content were measured during the development of seeds of Machilus thunbergii. As dry matter accumulated in the embryo during development, moisture content, ABA, proline, respiration and sugars all declined. At maturity, the dry mass of the seeds failed to attain a
Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polym... more Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity in a variety of normal rat tissues, regenerating rat liver and a series of 12 types of rat hepatomas. DNA polymerase in these tissues, isolated by the Mantsavinos ...
Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polym... more Previous studies from this laboratory described a correlation between DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity in a variety of normal rat tissues, regenerating rat liver and a series of 12 types of rat hepatomas. DNA polymerase in these tissues, isolated by the Mantsavinos ...
The population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis based o... more The population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation is described. Two populations (Chilanshan and Alishan) of these two Chamaecyparis species are investigated for population differentiation. Shannon's phenotypic index was used to estimate Ho of these two Chamaecyparis species based on RAPD variation. RAPD analysis showed that the Chilanshan population had higher
Membrane phospholipids play an important role in acclimation of seeds to desiccation stresses. Th... more Membrane phospholipids play an important role in acclimation of seeds to desiccation stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of phospholipids and the fatty acids in embryonic axes of several recalcitrant seeds and orthodox seeds. The range of ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds and orthodox seeds was overlapping. Percentage of saturation of fatty acids of phospholipid (stearic acid, C18:0 and palmitic acid, C16:0) was significantly different between orthodox seeds (in the range of 16% to 27%) and recalcitrant seeds (32% to 36%) and this difference also reflected in the apparent lower phase transition temperature of orthodox seeds. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3) of phospholipid was overlapping in both seed types. In conclusion, recalcitrant seed while sharing recalcitrance, exhibited greater fatty acid saturation and higher weight percentage of linolenic acid (C18:3) i...
The genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae) is comprised of six taxa native to East Asia and North Ame... more The genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae) is comprised of six taxa native to East Asia and North America. Two independent lineages from eastern North America to East Asia and from western North America to East Asia have been identified from phylogenetic analyses based on variation in plastid DNA (ptDNA). However, the trees inferred from a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), the NEEDLY intron 2, and combined data from genetic and morphological characters of other studies are incongruent with the tree inferred from ptDNA. In this study, we sequenced the plastid matK gene as well as other sequences acquired from GenBank including the matK, rbcL, and nrITS sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees of Chamaecyparis. The phylogenetic topology inferred from matK was congruent with the previous inference obtained using other ptDNA markers while the rbcL and ITS trees were congruent with previously inferred trees using the combined data and ITS sequences, respectively. ...
Positive selection in the -crystallin domain (ACD) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (C... more Positive selection in the -crystallin domain (ACD) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) gene was found in a previous study and was suggested to be related to the ecological adaptation of Rhododendron species in the subgenus Hymenanthes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine whether gene duplication and subsequent divergence have occurred in other sHSP genes, for example class I cytosolic sHSP genes (CT1sHSPs) in Rhododendron in Taiwan, where many endemic species have evolved as a result of habitat differentiation. A phylogeny of CT1sHSP amino acid sequences was built from Rhododendron, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis vinifera and other species for elucidation of the phylogenetic relationships among CT1sHSPs. Phylogenies of Rhododendron CT1sHSP nucleotide and amino acid sequences were generated for positive selection and functional divergence analysis, respectively. Positively selected sites and amino acid differences between types...
The genetic variation and divergence estimated by allozyme analysis were used to reveal the evolu... more The genetic variation and divergence estimated by allozyme analysis were used to reveal the evolutionary history of Castanopsis carlesii in Taiwan. Two major questions were discussed concerning evolutionary issues: where are the diversity centres, and where are the most genetically divergent sites in Taiwan? Twenty-two populations of C. carlesii were sampled throughout Taiwan. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to assay allozyme variation. Genetic parameters and mean FST values of each population were analysed using the BIOSYS-2 program. Mean F(ST) values of each population against the remaining populations, considered as genetic divergence, were estimated using the FSTAT program. Average values of genetic parameters describing the within-population variation, the average number of alleles per locus (A=2.5), the effective number of alleles per locus (Ae=1.38), the allelic richness (Ar=2.38), the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=69%), and the expected heterozygosity (He=0.270) were...
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