Ana Fernandes is an architect, graduated from Instituto Superior Técnico with a Master degree in Architecture in 2013, with the thesis entitled “BNU Headquarters Building. Adaptive reuse in the context of Baixa Pombalina: from Bank to Museum”. Ana started working as an architect in the Atelier Teresa Nunes da Ponte, from 2013 to 2016 collaborating in architectural competitions, editorial projects and other works. In 2016, Ana initiated her research activity, in the multidisciplinary team of the Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal_ Education, Heritage and Challenges, which aims to provide a deeper understanding of school architecture in Portugal. This project is funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT and is developed in Instituto Superior Técnico with the collaboration of the General Secretary of the Ministry of Education and Science.
This publication collects abstracts and papers produced for the international working conference ... more This publication collects abstracts and papers produced for the international working conference on Educational Architecture – Education, Heritage, Challenges held in Lisbon on May 6-8, 2019 at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, organized in the scope of the research project "Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges" (2016-2019) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.
Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges is a research project funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology) and involving a group of researchers from different universities and different fields of study: architecture, education, history, town planning, interior design/furniture, construction, energy efficiency and documentation. ASAP-EHC seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of school architecture in Portugal, focusing on buildings for secondary (lyceums and technical schools) and middle school education (industrial institutes, agricultural schools and primary schools), promoted by the State and built between the late nineteenth century and the early 1970s, when a major reform was introduced, changing the educational paradigm in Portugal. The research has the support of the historical archive of the Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Educação e Ciência (SGMEC – General Secretariat of the Ministry of Education and Science), as the participating institution, which houses important documentary resources in its archives, mainly about public school buildings.
The aims of the research are:
1. To identify the interactions between educational policies, political ideologies, social and economic concerns, and their impact on the design and use of schools;
2. To understand the multi and interdisciplinary approach to the topic of school design, making crossovers between such disciplines as education, architecture, interior design/furniture, history, town planning, construction and technology, and energy efficiency;
3. To identify the uniqueness of the Portuguese approach to school design, its evolution, specificities, innovations and influences, based on two distinct methodologies:
- Analysis of the documentation that is available in the SGMEC archives, complemented by a detailed survey of libraries, architects’ private collections, school archives, etc.;
- Comparative analysis of the situation in other countries, particularly in Europe and North America, identifying influences, similarities and divergences, and determining the extent of autonomy in the Portuguese case;
4. To raise awareness about the architectural heritage of Portuguese school building, identifying its potentialities, constraints, weaknesses and the extent of its resilience, and recognising its identity, architectural values and cultural significance.
Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, 2017
This paper focuses on the adaptive reuse of the MUDE Museum building, located in the centre of Li... more This paper focuses on the adaptive reuse of the MUDE Museum building, located in the centre of Lisbon. Previously a bank, construction works started in 2016 to fully accommodate the museum, rehabilitate the building's structure and infrastructure, ensuring the accessibility and security features on its 8 floors and 15.000 m2. The aim of this research is to inform future designs, in order to contribute to an intuitive and user-friendly space for different publics, better integrated in the pre-existence. As we are considering a physical environment built to perform as a bank, its spatial configuration is primarily determined by that function's specific needs. Furthermore, the museum preserves all the bank's main accesses and vertical circulations, originally destined to employees, greatly expanding public accessibility and free circulation in the building. Space syntax is used as a tool to understand that heritage and assess the inherent potentialities of the existing building and disclose design opportunities. The results are interpreted within a wider framework of knowledge, built upon an operative history of the building.
Conference Proceedings of the 15th International DOCOMOMO Conference, Tostões, Ana, and Koselj, Nataša, eds. Metamorphosis. The Continuity of Change. Lisboa: Docomomo International; Ljubljana: Docomomo Slovenia, 2018, 2018
This paper aims at analysing the conceptual strategies and design principles adopted in the renov... more This paper aims at analysing the conceptual strategies and design principles adopted in the renovation process of two school buildings located in the cities of Lisbon and Beja, which are part of the modern heritage of Portugal, addressing the adaptation of the original buildings to current functional, environmental, safety and construction requirements. It is now possible to make a reflexion and critical review of the process, after the renovation and a period of users' adaptation to the renewed schools, in order to identify best practices and improvement areas for future interventions.
The main research question focuses on the adaptive capacity of modern school buildings to assimilate the current requirements in different domains while keeping the values of their modern identity. It is assessed how the renovation processes of two case studies suited contemporary educational challenges, the programmatic requirements, current safety directives, environmental requisites, and how these affect atmospheres, interior and identity of the building. This study was based on documentation analysis, site visits, interviews, and a post-occupancy evaluation.
The analysis of these two cases is therefore an opportunity to discuss the process of renovation of modern school buildings, stressing good practices and failures in these processes.
Alegre, A., Bacharel, M., Fernandes, A. (2018). The Design of Educational Buildings in Portugal: a Feminine Contribution in the 1960s. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, France Stele Institute of Art History, Založba ZRC, MoMoWo, pp.1025-1034. ISBN 978-961-05-0106-0 , 2018
In the 1960s, the paradigm of school architecture in Portugal shifted from a traditional to a mor... more In the 1960s, the paradigm of school architecture in Portugal shifted from a traditional to a more experimental educational approach. Maria do Carmo Matos (1935-89) played a central role in this process, since she led a team of architects in the Department of Construction for Technical and Secondary Education (1934-69). In a men’s world, she stood out not only for her ideas on an innovative design and construction approach but also by promoting international contacts with intergovernmental organizations. Maria do Carmo largely contributed to the pursuit of the right to education to all children with the adoption of rational procedures in school building design. A new approach was adopted to increase school construction efficacy based on a new design methodology, on industrialized and rationalised systems, and on effective cost and planning control procedures. This paper focuses on the contribution of Maria do Carmo to the promotion of an innovative design for educational buildings. The schools constitute simple and pragmatic buildings, without any particular architectural aspirations or significant expression of modern design vocabulary. However, those schools accomplished the social aim of the modern movement, and Maria do Carmo played a crucial but mostly anonymous role.
This publication collects abstracts and papers produced for the international working conference ... more This publication collects abstracts and papers produced for the international working conference on Educational Architecture – Education, Heritage, Challenges held in Lisbon on May 6-8, 2019 at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, organized in the scope of the research project "Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges" (2016-2019) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.
Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges is a research project funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology) and involving a group of researchers from different universities and different fields of study: architecture, education, history, town planning, interior design/furniture, construction, energy efficiency and documentation. ASAP-EHC seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of school architecture in Portugal, focusing on buildings for secondary (lyceums and technical schools) and middle school education (industrial institutes, agricultural schools and primary schools), promoted by the State and built between the late nineteenth century and the early 1970s, when a major reform was introduced, changing the educational paradigm in Portugal. The research has the support of the historical archive of the Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Educação e Ciência (SGMEC – General Secretariat of the Ministry of Education and Science), as the participating institution, which houses important documentary resources in its archives, mainly about public school buildings.
The aims of the research are:
1. To identify the interactions between educational policies, political ideologies, social and economic concerns, and their impact on the design and use of schools;
2. To understand the multi and interdisciplinary approach to the topic of school design, making crossovers between such disciplines as education, architecture, interior design/furniture, history, town planning, construction and technology, and energy efficiency;
3. To identify the uniqueness of the Portuguese approach to school design, its evolution, specificities, innovations and influences, based on two distinct methodologies:
- Analysis of the documentation that is available in the SGMEC archives, complemented by a detailed survey of libraries, architects’ private collections, school archives, etc.;
- Comparative analysis of the situation in other countries, particularly in Europe and North America, identifying influences, similarities and divergences, and determining the extent of autonomy in the Portuguese case;
4. To raise awareness about the architectural heritage of Portuguese school building, identifying its potentialities, constraints, weaknesses and the extent of its resilience, and recognising its identity, architectural values and cultural significance.
Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, 2017
This paper focuses on the adaptive reuse of the MUDE Museum building, located in the centre of Li... more This paper focuses on the adaptive reuse of the MUDE Museum building, located in the centre of Lisbon. Previously a bank, construction works started in 2016 to fully accommodate the museum, rehabilitate the building's structure and infrastructure, ensuring the accessibility and security features on its 8 floors and 15.000 m2. The aim of this research is to inform future designs, in order to contribute to an intuitive and user-friendly space for different publics, better integrated in the pre-existence. As we are considering a physical environment built to perform as a bank, its spatial configuration is primarily determined by that function's specific needs. Furthermore, the museum preserves all the bank's main accesses and vertical circulations, originally destined to employees, greatly expanding public accessibility and free circulation in the building. Space syntax is used as a tool to understand that heritage and assess the inherent potentialities of the existing building and disclose design opportunities. The results are interpreted within a wider framework of knowledge, built upon an operative history of the building.
Conference Proceedings of the 15th International DOCOMOMO Conference, Tostões, Ana, and Koselj, Nataša, eds. Metamorphosis. The Continuity of Change. Lisboa: Docomomo International; Ljubljana: Docomomo Slovenia, 2018, 2018
This paper aims at analysing the conceptual strategies and design principles adopted in the renov... more This paper aims at analysing the conceptual strategies and design principles adopted in the renovation process of two school buildings located in the cities of Lisbon and Beja, which are part of the modern heritage of Portugal, addressing the adaptation of the original buildings to current functional, environmental, safety and construction requirements. It is now possible to make a reflexion and critical review of the process, after the renovation and a period of users' adaptation to the renewed schools, in order to identify best practices and improvement areas for future interventions.
The main research question focuses on the adaptive capacity of modern school buildings to assimilate the current requirements in different domains while keeping the values of their modern identity. It is assessed how the renovation processes of two case studies suited contemporary educational challenges, the programmatic requirements, current safety directives, environmental requisites, and how these affect atmospheres, interior and identity of the building. This study was based on documentation analysis, site visits, interviews, and a post-occupancy evaluation.
The analysis of these two cases is therefore an opportunity to discuss the process of renovation of modern school buildings, stressing good practices and failures in these processes.
Alegre, A., Bacharel, M., Fernandes, A. (2018). The Design of Educational Buildings in Portugal: a Feminine Contribution in the 1960s. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, France Stele Institute of Art History, Založba ZRC, MoMoWo, pp.1025-1034. ISBN 978-961-05-0106-0 , 2018
In the 1960s, the paradigm of school architecture in Portugal shifted from a traditional to a mor... more In the 1960s, the paradigm of school architecture in Portugal shifted from a traditional to a more experimental educational approach. Maria do Carmo Matos (1935-89) played a central role in this process, since she led a team of architects in the Department of Construction for Technical and Secondary Education (1934-69). In a men’s world, she stood out not only for her ideas on an innovative design and construction approach but also by promoting international contacts with intergovernmental organizations. Maria do Carmo largely contributed to the pursuit of the right to education to all children with the adoption of rational procedures in school building design. A new approach was adopted to increase school construction efficacy based on a new design methodology, on industrialized and rationalised systems, and on effective cost and planning control procedures. This paper focuses on the contribution of Maria do Carmo to the promotion of an innovative design for educational buildings. The schools constitute simple and pragmatic buildings, without any particular architectural aspirations or significant expression of modern design vocabulary. However, those schools accomplished the social aim of the modern movement, and Maria do Carmo played a crucial but mostly anonymous role.
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Link to the publication: http://asap-ehc.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/conference/ebook.php.
Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges is a research project funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology) and involving a group of researchers from different universities and different fields of study: architecture, education, history, town planning, interior design/furniture, construction, energy efficiency and documentation. ASAP-EHC seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of school architecture in Portugal, focusing on buildings for secondary (lyceums and technical schools) and middle school education (industrial institutes, agricultural schools and primary schools), promoted by the State and built between the late nineteenth century and the early 1970s, when a major reform was introduced, changing the educational paradigm in Portugal. The research has the support of the historical archive of the Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Educação e Ciência (SGMEC – General Secretariat of the Ministry of Education and Science), as the participating institution, which houses important documentary resources in its archives, mainly about public school buildings.
The aims of the research are:
1. To identify the interactions between educational policies, political ideologies, social and economic concerns, and their impact on the design and use of schools;
2. To understand the multi and interdisciplinary approach to the topic of school design, making crossovers between such disciplines as education, architecture, interior design/furniture, history, town planning, construction and technology, and energy efficiency;
3. To identify the uniqueness of the Portuguese approach to school design, its evolution, specificities, innovations and influences, based on two distinct methodologies:
- Analysis of the documentation that is available in the SGMEC archives, complemented by a detailed survey of libraries, architects’ private collections, school archives, etc.;
- Comparative analysis of the situation in other countries, particularly in Europe and North America, identifying influences, similarities and divergences, and determining the extent of autonomy in the Portuguese case;
4. To raise awareness about the architectural heritage of Portuguese school building, identifying its potentialities, constraints, weaknesses and the extent of its resilience, and recognising its identity, architectural values and cultural significance.
The main research question focuses on the adaptive capacity of modern school buildings to assimilate the current requirements in different domains while keeping the values of their modern identity. It is assessed how the renovation processes of two case studies suited contemporary educational challenges, the programmatic requirements, current safety directives, environmental requisites, and how these affect atmospheres, interior and identity of the building. This study was based on documentation analysis, site visits, interviews, and a post-occupancy evaluation.
The analysis of these two cases is therefore an opportunity to discuss the process of renovation of modern school buildings, stressing good practices and failures in these processes.
Maria do Carmo largely contributed to the pursuit of the right to education to all children with the adoption of rational procedures in school building design. A new approach was adopted to increase school construction efficacy based on a new design methodology, on industrialized and rationalised systems, and on effective cost and planning control procedures.
This paper focuses on the contribution of Maria do Carmo to the promotion of an innovative design for educational buildings. The schools constitute simple and pragmatic buildings, without any particular architectural aspirations or significant expression of modern design vocabulary. However, those schools accomplished the social aim of the modern movement, and Maria do Carmo played a crucial but mostly anonymous role.
Link to the publication: http://asap-ehc.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/conference/ebook.php.
Atlas of School Architecture in Portugal – Education, Heritage and Challenges is a research project funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology) and involving a group of researchers from different universities and different fields of study: architecture, education, history, town planning, interior design/furniture, construction, energy efficiency and documentation. ASAP-EHC seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of school architecture in Portugal, focusing on buildings for secondary (lyceums and technical schools) and middle school education (industrial institutes, agricultural schools and primary schools), promoted by the State and built between the late nineteenth century and the early 1970s, when a major reform was introduced, changing the educational paradigm in Portugal. The research has the support of the historical archive of the Secretaria-Geral do Ministério da Educação e Ciência (SGMEC – General Secretariat of the Ministry of Education and Science), as the participating institution, which houses important documentary resources in its archives, mainly about public school buildings.
The aims of the research are:
1. To identify the interactions between educational policies, political ideologies, social and economic concerns, and their impact on the design and use of schools;
2. To understand the multi and interdisciplinary approach to the topic of school design, making crossovers between such disciplines as education, architecture, interior design/furniture, history, town planning, construction and technology, and energy efficiency;
3. To identify the uniqueness of the Portuguese approach to school design, its evolution, specificities, innovations and influences, based on two distinct methodologies:
- Analysis of the documentation that is available in the SGMEC archives, complemented by a detailed survey of libraries, architects’ private collections, school archives, etc.;
- Comparative analysis of the situation in other countries, particularly in Europe and North America, identifying influences, similarities and divergences, and determining the extent of autonomy in the Portuguese case;
4. To raise awareness about the architectural heritage of Portuguese school building, identifying its potentialities, constraints, weaknesses and the extent of its resilience, and recognising its identity, architectural values and cultural significance.
The main research question focuses on the adaptive capacity of modern school buildings to assimilate the current requirements in different domains while keeping the values of their modern identity. It is assessed how the renovation processes of two case studies suited contemporary educational challenges, the programmatic requirements, current safety directives, environmental requisites, and how these affect atmospheres, interior and identity of the building. This study was based on documentation analysis, site visits, interviews, and a post-occupancy evaluation.
The analysis of these two cases is therefore an opportunity to discuss the process of renovation of modern school buildings, stressing good practices and failures in these processes.
Maria do Carmo largely contributed to the pursuit of the right to education to all children with the adoption of rational procedures in school building design. A new approach was adopted to increase school construction efficacy based on a new design methodology, on industrialized and rationalised systems, and on effective cost and planning control procedures.
This paper focuses on the contribution of Maria do Carmo to the promotion of an innovative design for educational buildings. The schools constitute simple and pragmatic buildings, without any particular architectural aspirations or significant expression of modern design vocabulary. However, those schools accomplished the social aim of the modern movement, and Maria do Carmo played a crucial but mostly anonymous role.