Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian... more Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian archaeological map. More than one hundred years after the beginning of archaeological excavations in Iran, the eastern regions have received little or no attention from archaeologists for various reasons, and there are very limited publications as well. Kale Kub is a prehistoric site that is located in Ayask town, in Sarayan District, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran. It has sufficient cultural deposits to provide a chronological timeframe of cultural sequence for the prehistoric cultures of this region. The first season of Kale Kub excavations, carried out in 2019, led to the identification of unknown prehistoric cultures in the region, which are introduced in this article. Perhaps the most significant achievement of this excavation was the identification of the 4th millennium BCE cultures, which are well known in the southwest of Iran and Mesopotamia and for which evidence has been obtained far from the centre of this culture. These cultural evidences, which can be considered to belong to the Susa II horizon or late Uruk cultures, include the typical pottery of this period, such as bevelled rim bowls, rough Banesh trays, tubular and nose handle jars, and fine and painted wheel-made pottery, which is well known in the southwestern , western, northwestern , southeastern regions and central plateau of Iran, but which have now been identified and introduced for the first time in eastern Iran. In general, based on the excavation of two stratigraphic trenches (A and B) in this site, three cultural periods have been identified so far. They have been classified from the bottom level and the top of the virgin soil are: 1:
پس از گذشت چندین دهه از توجه باستان‌شناسان به مناطق حاشیه‌ای هلال‌حاصلخیز، امروزه دیگر بخش‌های مر... more پس از گذشت چندین دهه از توجه باستان‌شناسان به مناطق حاشیه‌ای هلال‌حاصلخیز، امروزه دیگر بخش‌های مرکزی و شرقی فلات ایران و هم‌چنین جنوب ترکمنستان نیز درزمینهٔ مطالعات نوسنگی و در کل فرهنگ‌های پیشازتاریخی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند؛ بااین‌حال، تا همین دهۀ گذشته وضعیت باستان‌شناسی نوسنگی شمال‌شرق ایران برخلاف نواحی هم‌جوارش به‌علت عدم فعالیت‌های دامنه‌دار و انتشارات علمی تا حد زیادی تحت‌سیطرۀ باستان‌شناسی مرکز فلات ایران و یا نگاه باستان‌شناسان شوروی از جنوب ترکمنستان بوده است. تپه پهلوانِ جاجرم به‌عنوان محوطه‌ای با آثار و بقایای دوره‌های نوسنگی جدید، مس‌وسنگ انتقالی و هم‌چنین دوران میانۀ اسلامی اگرچه که توسط «اسپونر» و سپس «ماسودا» بازدید و گزارش شد؛ اما تا سال‌های 1393 و 1396 هیچ فعالیت علمی برروی آن صورت نگرفت. این محوطه با وسعتی حدوداً 5/2 هکتار به‌سبب ساخت‌وسازهای قلعه و برج‌وباروی دوران اسلامی تقریباً به‌شکل دایره‌ای درآمده که در میانۀ کریدور طبیعی جاجرم، بین مناطق کویری جنوب‌البرز و نواحی نیمه‌کوهستانی شمال آن قرار دارد. هدف از انتشار این پژوهش مشخص نمودن جایگاه استقراری تپه پهلوان در جدول توالی گاه‌نگاری دوران نوسنگی شمال‌شرق فلات ایران و معرفی موادفرهنگی این دوره است. کاوش لایه‌نگاری و گمانه‌زنی‌های حفرشده موجب شناسایی لایه‌های نوسنگی جدید و حضور مواد فرهنگی چخماق/جیتونی با خصوصیات مشترکی از جنبه‌های فرهنگی محوطه‌های دوسوی شمال و جنوب البرز گردید؛ اگرچه که نشانه‌ای از معماری پیشازتاریخی در 5 گمانۀ کاوش‌شده در این تپه یافت نشد، اما براساس شباهت‌های سفالی و هم‌چنین نتایج هفت نمونۀ تاریخ‌گذاری کربن14 طی دو فصل، بازۀ زمانی 4800-5800 پ.م. و در کل اوایل هزارۀ ششم تا اوایل هزاره پنجم پیش‌ازمیلاد برای طول استقرار نوسنگی جدید و مس‌وسنگِ انتقالی در این تپه پیشنهاد شده است.
During the fourth millennium BCE similar wares used to produce and use in the extended area in Ne... more During the fourth millennium BCE similar wares used to produce and use in the extended area in Near East which is so-called Beveled rim bowls. Its importance is for high quantity and similarity in production techniques. There are different studies on dating, function, and the main reason for the spread of this pottery style have been done. Although beveled rim bowls were found in many sites in west, south, south-eastern, and central plateau, hereby new finding from Kale Kub seems that this pottery style was spread in the more extended area than what we expect. Kale Kub is located in the eastern part of Iran, Southern Khorasan, and Sarayan county. By excavation in 2018 in this site, in two trenches for stratigraphy high amount of beveled rim bowls in addition to other pottery styles belong to fourth millennium BCE which are well-known from west south of Iran were found. In the second period of this site which is called Kale Kub II. This site is the eastern area that includes beveled rim bowls meantime. The current study would be clarifying the importance of the Kale Kub site for identifying the dispersal zone of Beveled rim bowl pottery style by an endeavor firstly to classification and typology of the potteries and then a comparison between the pottery style in this site with other sites related to this period and found the possible routes for this pottery style to the East and the interaction between east and west of Iran. Pottery collection from the excavation in Kale Kub includes a high amount of beveled rim bowls, Banesh tray, and some other pottery styles which are well-known from the fourth millennium BCE such as nose handle and spouted wares. Beveled rim bowls are about 15 percent of pottery collection in related contexts and other styles have a few quantities in the collection. In production techniques and style, Kale Kub finds it similar to samples from the southwest of Iran.
Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian... more Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian archaeological map. More than one hundred years after the beginning of archaeological excavations in Iran, the eastern regions have received little or no attention from archaeologists for various reasons, and there are very limited publications as well. Kale Kub is a prehistoric site that is located in Ayask town, in Sarayan District, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran. It has sufficient cultural deposits to provide a chronological timeframe of cultural sequence for the prehistoric cultures of this region. The first season of Kale Kub excavations, carried out in 2019, led to the identification of unknown prehistoric cultures in the region, which are introduced in this article. Perhaps the most significant achievement of this excavation was the identification of the 4th millennium BCE cultures, which are well known in the southwest of Iran and Mesopotamia and for which evidence has been obtained far from the centre of this culture. These cultural evidences, which can be considered to belong to the Susa II horizon or late Uruk cultures, include the typical pottery of this period, such as bevelled rim bowls, rough Banesh trays, tubular and nose handle jars, and fine and painted wheel-made pottery, which is well known in the southwestern , western, northwestern , southeastern regions and central plateau of Iran, but which have now been identified and introduced for the first time in eastern Iran. In general, based on the excavation of two stratigraphic trenches (A and B) in this site, three cultural periods have been identified so far. They have been classified from the bottom level and the top of the virgin soil are: 1:
پس از گذشت چندین دهه از توجه باستان‌شناسان به مناطق حاشیه‌ای هلال‌حاصلخیز، امروزه دیگر بخش‌های مر... more پس از گذشت چندین دهه از توجه باستان‌شناسان به مناطق حاشیه‌ای هلال‌حاصلخیز، امروزه دیگر بخش‌های مرکزی و شرقی فلات ایران و هم‌چنین جنوب ترکمنستان نیز درزمینهٔ مطالعات نوسنگی و در کل فرهنگ‌های پیشازتاریخی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند؛ بااین‌حال، تا همین دهۀ گذشته وضعیت باستان‌شناسی نوسنگی شمال‌شرق ایران برخلاف نواحی هم‌جوارش به‌علت عدم فعالیت‌های دامنه‌دار و انتشارات علمی تا حد زیادی تحت‌سیطرۀ باستان‌شناسی مرکز فلات ایران و یا نگاه باستان‌شناسان شوروی از جنوب ترکمنستان بوده است. تپه پهلوانِ جاجرم به‌عنوان محوطه‌ای با آثار و بقایای دوره‌های نوسنگی جدید، مس‌وسنگ انتقالی و هم‌چنین دوران میانۀ اسلامی اگرچه که توسط «اسپونر» و سپس «ماسودا» بازدید و گزارش شد؛ اما تا سال‌های 1393 و 1396 هیچ فعالیت علمی برروی آن صورت نگرفت. این محوطه با وسعتی حدوداً 5/2 هکتار به‌سبب ساخت‌وسازهای قلعه و برج‌وباروی دوران اسلامی تقریباً به‌شکل دایره‌ای درآمده که در میانۀ کریدور طبیعی جاجرم، بین مناطق کویری جنوب‌البرز و نواحی نیمه‌کوهستانی شمال آن قرار دارد. هدف از انتشار این پژوهش مشخص نمودن جایگاه استقراری تپه پهلوان در جدول توالی گاه‌نگاری دوران نوسنگی شمال‌شرق فلات ایران و معرفی موادفرهنگی این دوره است. کاوش لایه‌نگاری و گمانه‌زنی‌های حفرشده موجب شناسایی لایه‌های نوسنگی جدید و حضور مواد فرهنگی چخماق/جیتونی با خصوصیات مشترکی از جنبه‌های فرهنگی محوطه‌های دوسوی شمال و جنوب البرز گردید؛ اگرچه که نشانه‌ای از معماری پیشازتاریخی در 5 گمانۀ کاوش‌شده در این تپه یافت نشد، اما براساس شباهت‌های سفالی و هم‌چنین نتایج هفت نمونۀ تاریخ‌گذاری کربن14 طی دو فصل، بازۀ زمانی 4800-5800 پ.م. و در کل اوایل هزارۀ ششم تا اوایل هزاره پنجم پیش‌ازمیلاد برای طول استقرار نوسنگی جدید و مس‌وسنگِ انتقالی در این تپه پیشنهاد شده است.
During the fourth millennium BCE similar wares used to produce and use in the extended area in Ne... more During the fourth millennium BCE similar wares used to produce and use in the extended area in Near East which is so-called Beveled rim bowls. Its importance is for high quantity and similarity in production techniques. There are different studies on dating, function, and the main reason for the spread of this pottery style have been done. Although beveled rim bowls were found in many sites in west, south, south-eastern, and central plateau, hereby new finding from Kale Kub seems that this pottery style was spread in the more extended area than what we expect. Kale Kub is located in the eastern part of Iran, Southern Khorasan, and Sarayan county. By excavation in 2018 in this site, in two trenches for stratigraphy high amount of beveled rim bowls in addition to other pottery styles belong to fourth millennium BCE which are well-known from west south of Iran were found. In the second period of this site which is called Kale Kub II. This site is the eastern area that includes beveled rim bowls meantime. The current study would be clarifying the importance of the Kale Kub site for identifying the dispersal zone of Beveled rim bowl pottery style by an endeavor firstly to classification and typology of the potteries and then a comparison between the pottery style in this site with other sites related to this period and found the possible routes for this pottery style to the East and the interaction between east and west of Iran. Pottery collection from the excavation in Kale Kub includes a high amount of beveled rim bowls, Banesh tray, and some other pottery styles which are well-known from the fourth millennium BCE such as nose handle and spouted wares. Beveled rim bowls are about 15 percent of pottery collection in related contexts and other styles have a few quantities in the collection. In production techniques and style, Kale Kub finds it similar to samples from the southwest of Iran.
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