Purpose Eyewitness testimony can determine the outcome of criminal investigations. The cognitive ... more Purpose Eyewitness testimony can determine the outcome of criminal investigations. The cognitive interview (CI) has been widely used to collect informative and accurate accounts. However, face-to-face interviews have been restricted during the current pandemic, raising the need for using video-conferencing. The authors tested whether virtual interviews could produce elaborate accounts from eyewitnesses and if the CI superiority effect against a structured interview (SI) could be fully replicated online. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a 2 × 2 factorial design with interview condition (CI vs SI) and environment (face-to-face vs virtual) manipulated between-subjects. A total of 88 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. Participants watched a mock robbery and were interviewed 48 h later using either the SI or the CI. Both interviews contained the same structure and interview phases but only the CI included its key cognitive mnemonics/ instructio...
2020 4th Conference on Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Computation (CSIEC)
Human attention is a limited resource that makes it valuable. Moreover, it is the first step in h... more Human attention is a limited resource that makes it valuable. Moreover, it is the first step in human brain cognition. Multiple factors affect their performance. The cognitive model of attention helps to understand the complexity of its role and involved factors. This study aimed at developing a novel machine-learning system of human care by different psychological tasks and collected information, which able to predict attention scores. A web-based system is developed for multiple cognitive tasks to gather information. The proposed model evaluates the human attention performance level by the Attentional Network Test (ANT). Data were collected from 62 participants. Decision tree, AdaBoost, and Gradient boosting models were developed, and the hyperparameters model was tuned. The model selection is based on finding performance. The performance was analyzed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). AdaBoost regression shows the best performance with MAE: 0.69 and RMSE: 3.9198 in comparison with other models. The AdaBoost model ensures the rapid and accurate estimation performance of attention.
A link between psychopathology and PSU is investigated for the first time in large sample size in... more A link between psychopathology and PSU is investigated for the first time in large sample size in Iran
Abstract Previous research has frequently shown the association between age, Neuroticism, and Ope... more Abstract Previous research has frequently shown the association between age, Neuroticism, and Openness with memory. However, few studies have investigated the interaction of these factors so far. The present study examined whether the relationship between age and memory is moderated by the Neuroticism and Openness using cross-sectional data from a sample of 550 Iranian participants. They completed the Persian version of the NEO five-factor inventory as well as the memory tests from the Sepidar cognitive test battery. The results indicated that Openness was significantly positively associated with episodic, semantic, and working memory, and the unique effect of Openness on episodic and semantic memory was found even after controlling for the effect of years of education, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and age. Moderation analysis indicated that Openness moderated the relationship between age and semantic memory as well as age and working memory. Moreover, the results showed that the pathway between age and semantic memory was moderated by Neuroticism. This study highlights the interaction between age, personality traits, and memory, which has important theoretical and practical implications for the cognitive reserve in healthy adults.
Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as the belief in extrasensory perception, precogniti... more Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as the belief in extrasensory perception, precognition, witchcraft, and telekinesis, magical thinking, psychokinesis, superstitions. Previous studies corroborate that executive brain functions underpin paranormal beliefs. To test this hypotheses, neurophysiological studies of brain activity are required. Methods: A sample of 20 students (10 girls, Mean±SD age: 22.50±4.07 years) were included in the current study. The absolute power of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was analyzed in intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric coherence with eyes open. The paranormal beliefs were determined based on the total score of the revised paranormal belief scale (RPBS). Results: The results of this study demonstrated a significant negative relationship between paranormal beliefs and resting-state EEG in alpha band activity in the frontal lobe (left hemisphere), EEG coherence of alpha and β1, β2, and gamma band activities in the frontal lobe (ri...
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerize... more Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerized memory battery modeled after the Betula study. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerized memory battery modeled after the Betula study (Nilsson et al., 1997). The researchers developed this battery as an assessment tool in the Sepidar prospective cohort study. One hundred and ninety-nine participants aged 19-83 years were tested extensively on different aspects of memory. Exploratory factor analysis of the data demonstrated factors similar to those reported by the Betula study. Results: The authors succeeded to converge the cross-sectional findings of the study and the data from longitudinal studies of memory aging by correcting possible cohort effects. Investigating age differences in episodic and semantic memory factor scores corrected by education and socioeconomic status revealed no significant difference between younger and olde...
Objective: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believ... more Objective: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believed an efficient PLP treatment should consider the underlying neurological mechanisms. Hereby, we investigated brain activity in PLP’s and relations to the psychological and cognitive dimension of chronic pain. We investigate differences in resting brain activities between amputees with and without pain. We hypothesis significant differences in activities of the motor cortex and parietal cortex that are related to pain perception. Also, we hypothesis two groups have significant differences in cognitive and psychological components. Methods: Behavioral assessment(psychological status, life satisfaction, and pain level) and EEG signals of 19 amputees (12 without pain and 7 with pain) were recorded. Data were statistically compared between the two groups. Also, the association between behavioral and neurophysiological data was computed. Result: Results showed a significant decrease in the pa...
1. Cognitive Science Modeling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2. Post-Doctoral Research... more 1. Cognitive Science Modeling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2. Post-Doctoral Researcher, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran & Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 4. Professor, Artificial Intelligence Department, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the age trends of various types of memory including primi... more Purpose: This study aims to investigate the age trends of various types of memory including priming, working memory (WM), episodic memory (EM), and semantic memory (SM) from adulthood to old age, as well as the mediating role of inhibition control (IC) in the relation between age and memory. Methods: 796 healthy adults aged between 25 and 83 years participated in this cross-sectional study and were assessed using a comprehensive battery of memory, digit span, and the Stroop Color-Word tests Results: The scatter plot with LOESS fitting line showed EM and WM declined steadily from age 25, SM increased mildly to 55 followed by a decrease, and priming did not change with age. The mediating analysis and bootstrap test showed that IC mediated the relation between age and EM and SM (β= – 0.097, P=0.002), and SM (β= – 0.086, P=0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed that age and various types of memory had different trajectories and IC is a fundamental mediator in explaining age related dec...
Aims: Moral Foundations Theory is among the latest theories of moral judgement in social cognitio... more Aims: Moral Foundations Theory is among the latest theories of moral judgement in social cognition. This theory has specified six foundations of care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity, and liberty as underlying morality concerns. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of these foundations in Iranian moral mentality and compared them against foreign findings and predictions, particularly the recent debate between two leading theorists in this field, i.e. Graham and Janoff- Bulman. Method: Participants were 172 Iranians who were questioned about ideal society and moral and immoral behaviors. Responses were examined and categorized based on belongingness to foundations. Accordingly, foundation exemplars and their motivational weight and relational context were determined. To determine the grouping of foundations, exploratory factor analysis; to compare foundations regarding motivational weight, analysis of variance; and to compare the frequency of foundation exemp...
Objective: The present study examines the impact of cognitive computer games on working memory, a... more Objective: The present study examines the impact of cognitive computer games on working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility among students attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This study is a quasi-experimental (pretest, posttest control group design). In this study 20 students whom were recognized as ADHD based on Conner's questionnaire clinical interview, and CSI4 test, were chosen and after matching them based on IQ and educational development evaluation. Then, they were assigned as two experimental group (10 students) and control group (10 students). The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Leavene test and Covariance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: Cognitive computer games could improve working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility in students with ADHD. These games lead to the shortening of reaction time and the improvement of i...
BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged ... more BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. METHODS The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients' conditions. The final...
26 Maysam Rabieipour Salimi1, Javad Hatami2* , Azra Jahanitabesh3, Meysam Sadeghi4 1. PhD Student... more 26 Maysam Rabieipour Salimi1, Javad Hatami2* , Azra Jahanitabesh3, Meysam Sadeghi4 1. PhD Student of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 2. Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran & Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 3. Lecturer, University of California Davis, Davis, USA 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran Introduction: Some studies asserted that people with higher socioeconomic status tend towards more competitive behavior. In contrast, people with low socioeconomic status tend to show more good intentions and prevent competitive behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between middle-aged men's socioeconomic status and their tendency towards competition for resources in an economic decision-making condition. Moreover, we reviewed the role of a sense of power in the relati...
The default-mode network (DMN) is one of the human brain’s networks activated in resting and self... more The default-mode network (DMN) is one of the human brain’s networks activated in resting and self-referential thinking states. The nature of this network and its normal or abnormal changes has been the subject of various studies. The aim of this study was to systematical review and integrating the findings of that studies focused on the relationship of DMN with mental disorders and aging-induced changes in it. Of the more than 100 evidences found, 32 studies in each of two specific subjects (psychopathologicaland aging-related changes of DMN) were selected and scientifically mentioned the most important results of them. Based on the findings, some of the mental disorders including major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer disease are associated with functional or connectional abnormalities in DMN. Aging can cause functional changes in the activation or deactivation of the DMN’...
Purpose Eyewitness testimony can determine the outcome of criminal investigations. The cognitive ... more Purpose Eyewitness testimony can determine the outcome of criminal investigations. The cognitive interview (CI) has been widely used to collect informative and accurate accounts. However, face-to-face interviews have been restricted during the current pandemic, raising the need for using video-conferencing. The authors tested whether virtual interviews could produce elaborate accounts from eyewitnesses and if the CI superiority effect against a structured interview (SI) could be fully replicated online. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a 2 × 2 factorial design with interview condition (CI vs SI) and environment (face-to-face vs virtual) manipulated between-subjects. A total of 88 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. Participants watched a mock robbery and were interviewed 48 h later using either the SI or the CI. Both interviews contained the same structure and interview phases but only the CI included its key cognitive mnemonics/ instructio...
2020 4th Conference on Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Computation (CSIEC)
Human attention is a limited resource that makes it valuable. Moreover, it is the first step in h... more Human attention is a limited resource that makes it valuable. Moreover, it is the first step in human brain cognition. Multiple factors affect their performance. The cognitive model of attention helps to understand the complexity of its role and involved factors. This study aimed at developing a novel machine-learning system of human care by different psychological tasks and collected information, which able to predict attention scores. A web-based system is developed for multiple cognitive tasks to gather information. The proposed model evaluates the human attention performance level by the Attentional Network Test (ANT). Data were collected from 62 participants. Decision tree, AdaBoost, and Gradient boosting models were developed, and the hyperparameters model was tuned. The model selection is based on finding performance. The performance was analyzed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). AdaBoost regression shows the best performance with MAE: 0.69 and RMSE: 3.9198 in comparison with other models. The AdaBoost model ensures the rapid and accurate estimation performance of attention.
A link between psychopathology and PSU is investigated for the first time in large sample size in... more A link between psychopathology and PSU is investigated for the first time in large sample size in Iran
Abstract Previous research has frequently shown the association between age, Neuroticism, and Ope... more Abstract Previous research has frequently shown the association between age, Neuroticism, and Openness with memory. However, few studies have investigated the interaction of these factors so far. The present study examined whether the relationship between age and memory is moderated by the Neuroticism and Openness using cross-sectional data from a sample of 550 Iranian participants. They completed the Persian version of the NEO five-factor inventory as well as the memory tests from the Sepidar cognitive test battery. The results indicated that Openness was significantly positively associated with episodic, semantic, and working memory, and the unique effect of Openness on episodic and semantic memory was found even after controlling for the effect of years of education, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and age. Moderation analysis indicated that Openness moderated the relationship between age and semantic memory as well as age and working memory. Moreover, the results showed that the pathway between age and semantic memory was moderated by Neuroticism. This study highlights the interaction between age, personality traits, and memory, which has important theoretical and practical implications for the cognitive reserve in healthy adults.
Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as the belief in extrasensory perception, precogniti... more Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as the belief in extrasensory perception, precognition, witchcraft, and telekinesis, magical thinking, psychokinesis, superstitions. Previous studies corroborate that executive brain functions underpin paranormal beliefs. To test this hypotheses, neurophysiological studies of brain activity are required. Methods: A sample of 20 students (10 girls, Mean±SD age: 22.50±4.07 years) were included in the current study. The absolute power of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was analyzed in intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric coherence with eyes open. The paranormal beliefs were determined based on the total score of the revised paranormal belief scale (RPBS). Results: The results of this study demonstrated a significant negative relationship between paranormal beliefs and resting-state EEG in alpha band activity in the frontal lobe (left hemisphere), EEG coherence of alpha and β1, β2, and gamma band activities in the frontal lobe (ri...
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerize... more Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerized memory battery modeled after the Betula study. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an Iranian computerized memory battery modeled after the Betula study (Nilsson et al., 1997). The researchers developed this battery as an assessment tool in the Sepidar prospective cohort study. One hundred and ninety-nine participants aged 19-83 years were tested extensively on different aspects of memory. Exploratory factor analysis of the data demonstrated factors similar to those reported by the Betula study. Results: The authors succeeded to converge the cross-sectional findings of the study and the data from longitudinal studies of memory aging by correcting possible cohort effects. Investigating age differences in episodic and semantic memory factor scores corrected by education and socioeconomic status revealed no significant difference between younger and olde...
Objective: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believ... more Objective: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believed an efficient PLP treatment should consider the underlying neurological mechanisms. Hereby, we investigated brain activity in PLP’s and relations to the psychological and cognitive dimension of chronic pain. We investigate differences in resting brain activities between amputees with and without pain. We hypothesis significant differences in activities of the motor cortex and parietal cortex that are related to pain perception. Also, we hypothesis two groups have significant differences in cognitive and psychological components. Methods: Behavioral assessment(psychological status, life satisfaction, and pain level) and EEG signals of 19 amputees (12 without pain and 7 with pain) were recorded. Data were statistically compared between the two groups. Also, the association between behavioral and neurophysiological data was computed. Result: Results showed a significant decrease in the pa...
1. Cognitive Science Modeling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2. Post-Doctoral Research... more 1. Cognitive Science Modeling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2. Post-Doctoral Researcher, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran & Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 4. Professor, Artificial Intelligence Department, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the age trends of various types of memory including primi... more Purpose: This study aims to investigate the age trends of various types of memory including priming, working memory (WM), episodic memory (EM), and semantic memory (SM) from adulthood to old age, as well as the mediating role of inhibition control (IC) in the relation between age and memory. Methods: 796 healthy adults aged between 25 and 83 years participated in this cross-sectional study and were assessed using a comprehensive battery of memory, digit span, and the Stroop Color-Word tests Results: The scatter plot with LOESS fitting line showed EM and WM declined steadily from age 25, SM increased mildly to 55 followed by a decrease, and priming did not change with age. The mediating analysis and bootstrap test showed that IC mediated the relation between age and EM and SM (β= – 0.097, P=0.002), and SM (β= – 0.086, P=0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed that age and various types of memory had different trajectories and IC is a fundamental mediator in explaining age related dec...
Aims: Moral Foundations Theory is among the latest theories of moral judgement in social cognitio... more Aims: Moral Foundations Theory is among the latest theories of moral judgement in social cognition. This theory has specified six foundations of care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity, and liberty as underlying morality concerns. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of these foundations in Iranian moral mentality and compared them against foreign findings and predictions, particularly the recent debate between two leading theorists in this field, i.e. Graham and Janoff- Bulman. Method: Participants were 172 Iranians who were questioned about ideal society and moral and immoral behaviors. Responses were examined and categorized based on belongingness to foundations. Accordingly, foundation exemplars and their motivational weight and relational context were determined. To determine the grouping of foundations, exploratory factor analysis; to compare foundations regarding motivational weight, analysis of variance; and to compare the frequency of foundation exemp...
Objective: The present study examines the impact of cognitive computer games on working memory, a... more Objective: The present study examines the impact of cognitive computer games on working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility among students attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This study is a quasi-experimental (pretest, posttest control group design). In this study 20 students whom were recognized as ADHD based on Conner's questionnaire clinical interview, and CSI4 test, were chosen and after matching them based on IQ and educational development evaluation. Then, they were assigned as two experimental group (10 students) and control group (10 students). The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Leavene test and Covariance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: Cognitive computer games could improve working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility in students with ADHD. These games lead to the shortening of reaction time and the improvement of i...
BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged ... more BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. METHODS The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients' conditions. The final...
26 Maysam Rabieipour Salimi1, Javad Hatami2* , Azra Jahanitabesh3, Meysam Sadeghi4 1. PhD Student... more 26 Maysam Rabieipour Salimi1, Javad Hatami2* , Azra Jahanitabesh3, Meysam Sadeghi4 1. PhD Student of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 2. Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran & Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran 3. Lecturer, University of California Davis, Davis, USA 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Pardis, Iran Introduction: Some studies asserted that people with higher socioeconomic status tend towards more competitive behavior. In contrast, people with low socioeconomic status tend to show more good intentions and prevent competitive behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between middle-aged men's socioeconomic status and their tendency towards competition for resources in an economic decision-making condition. Moreover, we reviewed the role of a sense of power in the relati...
The default-mode network (DMN) is one of the human brain’s networks activated in resting and self... more The default-mode network (DMN) is one of the human brain’s networks activated in resting and self-referential thinking states. The nature of this network and its normal or abnormal changes has been the subject of various studies. The aim of this study was to systematical review and integrating the findings of that studies focused on the relationship of DMN with mental disorders and aging-induced changes in it. Of the more than 100 evidences found, 32 studies in each of two specific subjects (psychopathologicaland aging-related changes of DMN) were selected and scientifically mentioned the most important results of them. Based on the findings, some of the mental disorders including major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer disease are associated with functional or connectional abnormalities in DMN. Aging can cause functional changes in the activation or deactivation of the DMN’...
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