Papers by Mojtaba Doroodi
PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN Archaeological Researches of Iran, 2024
This paper centers on a newly discovered inscription, first identified in July
2022 within the Bu... more This paper centers on a newly discovered inscription, first identified in July
2022 within the Bulaghi gorge of the Pasargadae Plain. The inscription,
crafted in Middle Persian script following the Sassanid tradition, measures
40 cm in width and 90 cm in length. It features three distinct frames, each
containing text. The primary focus is the central frame, which is oriented
vertically and consists of eight lines, while the adjacent boxes, positioned
above and below the central text, are inscribed horizontally. The upper
box features three lines, while the lower box similarly appears to contain
three lines; however, only a single word is legible. The primary research
inquiries focus on the ownership of the inscription, its date of composition,and its content. Within the Pasargadae Plain, five Pahlavi inscriptions have previously been identified and read. These inscriptions were uncovered in the area referred to as Tall-i Takht between the years 1961 and 1963, and the tombstone is inscribed in Sassanid Pahlavi script. The inscription associated with the present research presents a distinct subject matter compared to the Tall-i Takht inscriptions. It highlights the construction of ancient bridges and embankments, which are thought to have originated during the reign of Khosrow I. Interestingly, before this inscription was uncovered, archaeologists from the Pasargadae World Heritage Site had already recorded the existence of the foundations of an ancient bridge and overpass situated directly beneath the inscription on the Pulvar River. Thus, the discovery of this inscription significantly amplifies its relevance and the imperative for archaeological engagement and conservation. Additionally, it is pertinent to mention that the current study was carried out through both fieldwork and library resources.
Keywords: Pasargadae, Dasht-i Morghab, Tang-e Bulaghi, Pahlavi
Inscription, Ancient Bridge.
Kār-nāmag ī Pārsa Studies From the Persepolis World Heritage Site, 2024
Naqš-e Rostam is one of the most notable sites in which different
monuments from the Middle Elami... more Naqš-e Rostam is one of the most notable sites in which different
monuments from the Middle Elamite to Post-Achaemenid periods are
located. Several inscriptions from the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid
periods in different languages and scripts are also located here. The current article aims to study the graffiti at Naqš-e Rostam which belong to the Islamic and contemporary era. Although some researchers including Ernst E. Herzfeld have previously reported the existence of different graffiti and even published some of them, they still need to be studied and published in detail. Some graffiti discussed in the present article were written by different rulers including ʿAżod-al-Dawla, Shah Abbas I, and Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. There are also several graffiti of some prominent Orientalists and travellers written inside the royal tombs, and writings on the tower structure of Kaʿba-ye Zardosht were carved in different European languages as well as the Persian language. Hebrew graffiti can also be found at Naqš-e Rostam.
Cultural Heritage Records Studies, 2022
The inscriptions of Istakhr, which are called Takht Tavus by some researchers, are located in the... more The inscriptions of Istakhr, which are called Takht Tavus by some researchers, are located in the mountainous area of Takht Jamshid-Sivand road. Many researchers have read these inscriptions and all of them refer to their burial nature. Three inscriptions are engraved on the stone page of the mountain wall, which is referred to as "Pusagōg", "Farroxdān" and "Māhādur" inscriptions, and they are still in the same place today. Another inscription engraved on a stone pillar was separated from its original location by unauthorized diggers years ago so that it was no longer seen there. In December 2022, Mojtaba Doroodi, a member of the Center for Epigraphical Studies, and Abdul Majid Abedi, one of the members of the Takht Jamshid World Heritage Site restoration team, succeeded in identifying the said inscription. This is in a situation where the stone column was completely separated from its original location, fallen broken, and damaged about 130 meters further, downstream from the original location, and inside a poultry farm. The documents related to this inscription indicate that among all the researchers who have analyzed and investigated this inscription, only Frye and Gropp have seen this stone pillar and its inscription closely. In other words, the other researchers who studied this inscription after Frye and Gropp, have done their own reading and analysis based on the pictures and designs provided by them. Considering the different readings of this inscription, the research will answer these questions: Which of the readings related to the inscription is more accurate? What is the reason for the difference in the number of lines of the inscription? Besides the aforesaid aims in this research, another goal of the authors is to return the inscription to its original place, and the transfer process has been started along with the expert team of Takht Jamshid World Heritage Site.
Journal of Iranian Studies, 2023
The subject of the current research is the reading of a new inscription in Mount Hossein, Fars pr... more The subject of the current research is the reading of a new inscription in Mount Hossein, Fars province, Marvdasht Plain, near Naqsh-e Rostam. The discovery of this inscription took place in the last months of 1400 solar year; It has been widely reflected in the news agencies and it has been referred to as an inscription that contains the names of Zoroaster and Amherspandan and as a non-burial inscription. Names whose existence is not observed in this inscription. It will also be seen that the present inscription is among the burial inscriptions. According to the classification of private inscriptions in this region, the present inscription can be mentioned as Naqsh-e Rostam 4, which was written in Middle Persian tradition. Burial inscriptions include an important part of private writings with Zoroastrian tradition, which due to the ritual nature of the historical and cultural collection of Naqsh-e Rostam, most of the inscriptions found in this area also have the same feature. Among the burial inscriptions that have been seen in this before; We can refer to Shāh Ismāʾil rock inscriptions, Darreh Boreh inscriptions, and Gīrd- e lak inscriptions. The present inscription also belongs to the same group of inscriptions. This inscription, measuring 30 x 35 cm, is engraved on top
of a coffin in six lines, and it is said to belong to a person named Wahrām ī
Mēhrag. According to the date mentioned in the inscription, it is likely to be
related to the 6th of May in the year 40 of Yazdgerdi. This year is equal to 672 AD and 53 AH, which is the era of Muawiya's caliphate. Also, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the types of structures related to burial in Mount Hossein. The current research was conducted in the field and documents.
UC Berkeley Berkeley Working Papers in Middle Iranian Philology, 2023
Mount Zaneh is among the mountains of Marvdasht located in the current municipality of Abarj. The... more Mount Zaneh is among the mountains of Marvdasht located in the current municipality of Abarj. The mountain has long attracted scholarly attention for housing a rich variety of scattered archeological remnants fom the Elamite up to the Sasanian eras. In particular, there are two ancient ossuaries whose patterns resemble the ossuaries in Naqsh-e Rostam. This study introduces and deciphers a newly-discovered six-line Middle Persian inscription in the skirts of Mount Zaneh. The inscription is comparable with other funerary inscriptions in Middle Persian.
Half-Yearly Persian Language and Literature
The present article is an analysis of a couplet from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, about which scholars h... more The present article is an analysis of a couplet from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, about which scholars have expressed various opinions so far. This couplet, which was also recorded by Saadi in Bustan, begins with the hemistich "mayazar muri ke danekesh ast" (Don't harm an ant that is seed-carrying). Later, according to the recorded form of this couplet in the Florence version and two other versions containing the hemistich "makosh muraki ra ke ruzikesh ast" (Don't kill a small ant that is daily-bread-carrying), Khaleghi Motlagh based his revised version of Shahnameh and stated that it was the closest version to the original Shahnameh. The researchers have since expressed their opinions on rejection or acceptance of this revision. While investigating other views, this study focused on Avestan and Middle Persian texts and considered the frequency of some words of this hemistich and concluded that the phrase "mure danekesh" (seed-carrying ant) is an ancient and descriptive compound that has its roots in Old and Middle Persian texts and its domain is extended into New Persian. The two other phrases "makosh" (Don't kill) compared with "mayazar" (Don't harm) and "muri" (an ant) compared with "muraki" (a small ant) have superiority, which correspond with one another in each hemistich. However, the phrase "mayazar" can be regarded as one of Ferdowsi's poetic innovations.
Persian language and literature of Kharazmi University , 2022
The present article is an analysis of a couplet from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, about which scholars h... more The present article is an analysis of a couplet from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, about which scholars have expressed various opinions so far. This couplet, which was also recorded by Saadi in Bustan, begins with the hemistich “mayazar muri ke danekesh ast” (Don’t harm an ant that is seed-carrying). Later, according to the recorded form of this couplet in the Florence version and two other versions containing the hemistich “makosh muraki ra ke ruzikesh ast” (Don’t kill a small ant that is daily-bread-carrying), Khaleghi Motlagh based his revised version of Shahnameh and stated that it was the closest version to the original Shahnameh. The researchers have since expressed their opinions on rejection or acceptance of this revision. While investigating other views, this study focused on Avestan and Middle Persian texts and considered the frequency of some words of this hemistich and concluded that the phrase “mure danekesh” (seed-carrying ant) is an ancient and descriptive compound that has its roots in Old and Middle Persian texts and its domain is extended into New Persian. The two other phrases “makosh” (Don’t kill) compared with “mayazar” (Don’t harm) and “muri” (an ant) compared with “muraki” (a small ant) have superiority, which correspond with one another in each hemistich. However, the phrase “mayazar” can be regarded as one of Ferdowsi’s poetic innovations.
Iranian Studies, 2022
Kuh-e Rahmat is the name of a mountain located in the eastern part of
Marvdasht city. Numerous a... more Kuh-e Rahmat is the name of a mountain located in the eastern part of
Marvdasht city. Numerous ancient monuments can be seen in this mountain,
the most important of which is undoubtedly Persepolis or the Achaemenid
city of Pārsa. The mountain also includes extensive evidence of ancient
burials. Furthermore, Sassanian epigraphical evidence, such as the
inscriptions of Maqṣūd Ābād and Taxt-e Ṭawus, have been spotted in Kuh-e
Rahmat. A newly found Middle Persian inscription that can be considered a
burial inscription will be introduced and discussed in the present article. The
most critical issue in this inscription is the attestation of the city Istakhr.
Such an attestation in the context of burial inscriptions is unique.
It is generally assumed that the inscription might belong to the late Sassanian
era. Such burial inscriptions could belong to one of the significant social
classes at that time, i.e., the scribes.The exact location of the newly inscribed
inscription of Kuh-e-Mehr is the same valley in which Taxt-e Ṭawus
inscriptions are located: on the right side of the road between Naqsh-e-Rajab
and the city of Istakhr. Kuh-e Rahmat inscription is written in six lines
vertically. Its dimensions is 50 cm in 60 cm. There are two square holes
below the inscription in the mouth of a small cave. Some researchers
consider these holes, which are very frequent in this region, as Astodān.
Such square holes can be seen in large numbers on the mountain slopes near
Naqsh-e Rajab and the newly discovered inscription. These holes could
indicate that the Kuh-e Rahmet inscription is a burial inscription. The
surrounding area could be a burial place as well.All the material presented in
this speech indicates the great importance of this inscription, which
necessitates further research on this inscription.The environment around this
inscription should also be further studied by archaeologists.
Journal of persianate studies, 2021
The terms dakhma (open-air tomb) and astodān (ossuary) are often used interchangeably despite the... more The terms dakhma (open-air tomb) and astodān (ossuary) are often used interchangeably despite the fact that they refer to two distinct structures with different meanings in pre-Islamic Iranian burial practices. The present study explores the differences between the two structures, along with burial-related terms used by ancient Persians, by examining ancient and medieval Iranian manuscripts and by conducting a field study of surviving artifacts from ancient times. The results show that dakhma (or dakhmagāh) was a general term referring to the entire burial site and its constituent elements-as opposed to the specific astodān. Both of these structures should be differentiated from small hollowed ledges on the edges or surfaces of mountains, which were engraved as late as the early Islamic period (seventh to ninth centuries), even though the terms dakhma and astodān appear in their inscriptions. Although the latter have led some scholars to conflate the terms, the present study finds that these small stone structures and hollows are neither dakhma nor astodān, but rather served as a symbolic memorial to the departed. Furthermore, other burial-related structures in the environs of the dakhma, including mortar-shaped hollowed stones (sang-ābs) and cascade-like stone grooves (called sor-sore hāy-e sangi), which have received scant attention, can be traced back to Zoroastrian rituals in Avestan texts and point to the presence of a dakhma. Finally, the present field study, which explored ancient burial sites in the Marvdasht plain in Fars Province, includes unique information and details that are presented here for the first time.
زبان ها و گویش های ایرانی/ Iranian Languages and Dialects, Jul 7, 2020
نقشرستم ازجمله مکانهایی است که بخشی از مهمترین یادمانهای بهجامانده از فرمانرواییهای دوران ب... more نقشرستم ازجمله مکانهایی است که بخشی از مهمترین یادمانهای بهجامانده از فرمانرواییهای دوران باستان را در خود جای داده است. سهم هخامنشیان و آثار بهجامانده از آنان علاوهبر بنای سنگی موسوم به کعبۀ زرتشت، چهار آرامگاه سلطنتی است که تنها یکی از آنان یعنی آرامگاه داریوش اول کتیبههایی به خط میخی دارد که بنابر تحلیل محتواییِ آنان از سوی پژوهشگران با نامهای DNa، DNb، DNc، DNd و DNe شناخته میشوند. در تاریخ یکم آبانماه سال 1397 کتیبهای جدید از همین مجموعه بر سطح آرامگاه شناسایی شد و بنابر ترتیب شناسایی کتیبههای آرامگاه داریوش، آن را میتوان DNf نامید. پژوهش حاضر علاوهبر اینکه به معرفی این کتیبه و چگونگی شناسایی آن میپردازد با ارائه تحلیل و ترجمه از هر سه تحریر آن به رابطۀ بین کتیبه و نقشبرجستۀ مرتبط با آن خواهد پرداخت. همچنین در مقالۀ حاضر به جدیدترین پژوهشهای مرتبط با محتوای این کتیبه اشاره خواهد شد.
A preliminary article in English, introducing a newly found Achaemenid inscription on the right corner of the royal tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam, was published by the present authors in March 2019 (Arta 2019.001). Here, in the Persian revised version of that article, the authors have not only provided a Persian translation of the mentioned article, but also reviewed further relevant issues and put forward new philological arguments on the Old Persian verb āfər/ṛnāti, some orthographical aspects of the Babylonian verb i-kà-ir-ra-bi, and the identity of the figure depicted under the inscription.
Note: a reassessment of the DAI photographs of the Achaemenid royal tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam, which were also published in the English version of this article, revealed a mistake by the authors. Figure 7 of the English article (page 11) is taken from the right part of the top register of the Royal Tomb III at Naqsh-e Rostam in the 1970s. It has been mistaken by the authors for the Royal Tomb II (Darius I).
Iranian Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2020
Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact th... more Toponyms are among the words that have been more resistant to linguistic changes. It is a fact that the dominance of the Persian language has caused many alterations in the structure of some older vocabulary in the local dialects. Toponyms have also been undergoing such changes; however, they show more resistance in comparison to the other words because they have been dwelled in the collective memory of the locals, and it guarantees their survival. Due to the lack of familiarity with the ancient structure of such toponyms, there are many "folk etymologies" made to describe the origins of the toponyms. The present research is an attempt to introduce the following toponyms in Shiraz, as well as investigate the historical backgrounds of those words and suggest some probable etymologies for them: bâlâkaft, barmdelak, pâyēkutâ, tâq-e ōskurū, tul-ē parwast, talxdâš, derâk, dreky, dozak, fahandiž, qalât, qomšæ, katasbes, kušan, kaftarak and gūyum
journal of Mytho-Mystic Literature, Apr 21, 2019
The most important mysteric durability of many mythological characters is transformation and deve... more The most important mysteric durability of many mythological characters is transformation and developments that each feature experienced with its mythical story through the passage of time . Jamshid is One of the ancient characters in iranian literary and mythical texts, to whom a vast collection of mythologic stories and implications are dedicated
As you will see In this reaserch the premier foundation of jam fiction is referenced to indoeuropean era and it came to islamic era through mythologic evolution.
fracture, transformation and merger are elements of the myth revolution which are visible in this metamorphosis.
As in this way the borders of god formed in vedic era to mysticism valley in islamic era were passed.
The result of the present research is all the evolutions that this indoeuropean popular myth has experienced in iranian cultural context. The character that descents after zoroaster innovation but due to its enduring popularity started recreating and ascending!
The Journal of Indo-European Studies, 2018
A multitude of geographical names are referred to in the
Behistun Inscription. Despite the fact t... more A multitude of geographical names are referred to in the
Behistun Inscription. Despite the fact that scholars have put
considerable effort in locating the current sites of many of these
places, there is a shroud of mystery hanging over some. A
mountain called Parga, the battlefield of King Darius with
Vahyazdta, is one of them. Some researchers have identified it
with Forg District which seems to be an erroneous assumption.
This study, while convincingly refuting the aforementioned
assumption, tries to propound and prove a new idea as regards
the whereabouts of Prga. In reaching this goal, the authors have
benefited from etymological and historical evidence and have
examined the original inscription in Old Persian, Elamite,
Babylonian, and Aramaic. The results of this study indicate that
what is now called Shahrak-e Abarj in the Marvdasht Plain could
be the real location of Prga referred to in the Behistun
Inscription.
Arta, 2019
DNf is a recently-discovered trilingual inscription on the tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam. Th... more DNf is a recently-discovered trilingual inscription on the tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam. This article presents images, a first edition of the texts, observations on why the inscription was not recognized earlier, and comments on the relationship between the inscription and the sculptured fgures below it.
Fars Shenakht: Material and Spiritual heritage of Fars, 2016
This article attempts to declare a record of a region of Fars province, which is called Bayza tod... more This article attempts to declare a record of a region of Fars province, which is called Bayza today. It is investigated from pre-Sassanid era according to the archaeological data and historical norms and language. In this process an important role of this named region in shaping of first human associations and communities and also the creation of government institutions from antiquity up to Elam and moreover, to the Achaemenid and Sassanid dynasties was scrutinized. In this study not only the historical, archaeological and geographical history data of Beyza was investigated, but also the etymology transformation of its name form Elamite era to present, was discussed. The land in the edge of Kur, roaring river which was the host the of stone _age man. It had different names such as Anshan , Nesa , Bayza, Malyan , In these thousand years era.
In the current geographical boundaries of Iran, Abarj district is part of
Marvdasht plain which ... more In the current geographical boundaries of Iran, Abarj district is part of
Marvdasht plain which is historically located between the two ancient
sites of Parseh (Achaemenid civilization) and Anshan (Elamite
civilization). Different villages across the plain with Doroudzan at the
center, and those across the mountainous areas, such as Dashtak and
Kondazi, have allotted cultural and dialectal variety to this part of Fars
province. The dialect spoken in Doroudzan represents that of the plain
settlers along Kor River, and the dialect common in Dashtak and
Kondazi is typical of the one used by mountain settlers. In this essay,
phonological, semantic, and etymological transformations of the
widely used vocabulary of this region have been classified in terms of
a variety of subjects: body organs, fauna, everyday essentials, a
number of adverbs and common verbs. As will be seen, some of these
words (noft for "nose" in Doroudzani) have ancient roots, but cannot
be traced in Middle and New Persian; we can also see some words
that were common in Middle Persian, but are now lost, or have a very
rare use in New Persian (parvandušna for "not last night but the night
before" in Kondazi). This field- and archival research leads us to the
conclusion that the dialects in the mountainous areas represent the
older original dialect spoken across Marvdasht plain which later, with
the arrival of immigrant communities to the shores of Kor River, has
been replaced by the immigrants' dialect; however, in the mountainous
areas, older dialects are still being used.
Conference Presentations by Mojtaba Doroodi
دانشگاه فرهنگیان مشهد, 2017
در این پژوهش سرزمین خراسان از ورای متونِ بهجای مانده از دوران میانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ب... more در این پژوهش سرزمین خراسان از ورای متونِ بهجای مانده از دوران میانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به تأثیر فرهنگی عمیق سرزمین خراسان بر فرهنگ، زبان و ادب پارسی، کنکاش در متنهای کهن که به این سرزمین پرداختهاند؛ بسیار حائز اهمیّت است. به ویژه که خراسان مهد ادبیات حماسی و میراثدار سبک خراسانی در ادب فارسی بهشمار میرود. این پژوهش با بررسی واژه خراسان و ردگیری آن در کهنترین منابع، دو متن از دوران میانه(مانوی و پهلوی ساسانی)، را به صورت تطبیقی مورد کنکاش قرار داده است؛ در هر دو متن علاوه بر اینکه خراسان سرزمینی مقدس بهشمار رفته است؛ سخن از ایزدبانویی تمثیلی است که با خراسان پیوند داشته است. بررسی چیستی و ماهیّت این ایزدبانو و ارتباطش با خراسان از جمله اهداف این پژوهش بوده است و بنابر نتایج به دست آمده؛ آنگونه که مشاهده خواهد شد؛ با مفهومی مواجه میشویم که از جمله باورهای مردمان ایرانزمین در دوران ساسانی و در ارتباط با خراسان بوده است.
DIALOGUE BETWEEN CULTURES & EXCHANGED OF KNOWLEDGE AND CULTURAL IDEAS BETWEEN INDIA, IRAN, TURKEY & CENTRAL ASIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SASANIAN AND GUPTA DYNASTY, 2018
The three words, (Ṛata,Arta and Aša) were among the theological expressions of
Indoiranian tribes... more The three words, (Ṛata,Arta and Aša) were among the theological expressions of
Indoiranian tribes which have embraced a wide range of meanings. vocabularies,
that can be traced back up to the second millennium B.C considering written
sources. However finding out the semantic nature of these word's wide range of
meaning in ancient texts has involved many scholar's minds. Since they have been
used in a wide range of meanings in the most ancient written sources from
inscriptions to ancient texts. Among their most frequent usage, is the existence of the
proper names which are composed in combination of these words which indicates the
ancient people's deep belief in them. This study by the examining of special
names that form the blend with these concepts, is another way to approach the
broad concepts of these vocabularies. On the other hand the integration of these
words with the life after death is also an indicator of the ancient Iranian's attitude
towards the otherworld's which has been discussed in this essay.
The Kura River is among the ancient and long- existing rivers the presence of which from the pre-... more The Kura River is among the ancient and long- existing rivers the presence of which from the pre-history times has played a significant role in formation of the human culture and civilization. The evidence is the civilization formed on the watershed of the Kura River so much that one could compare its role and effect with those of Tigris and Euphrates (the Mesopotamia). That river, in the historic time, too, has been regarded as the main factor of life on Marvdasht plain up to now. Great and ancient cities such as Anshan, Persepolis and Estakhr have developed and grown under the shadow of that River .
This study reviews the essential role of the river in shaping of social communities and cultural transfer from the remote past through the Sassanid era and even up to now. using the results of the important excavations in the scope of Kura river , the historical resources , philology and taking note of the historical geography .
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Papers by Mojtaba Doroodi
2022 within the Bulaghi gorge of the Pasargadae Plain. The inscription,
crafted in Middle Persian script following the Sassanid tradition, measures
40 cm in width and 90 cm in length. It features three distinct frames, each
containing text. The primary focus is the central frame, which is oriented
vertically and consists of eight lines, while the adjacent boxes, positioned
above and below the central text, are inscribed horizontally. The upper
box features three lines, while the lower box similarly appears to contain
three lines; however, only a single word is legible. The primary research
inquiries focus on the ownership of the inscription, its date of composition,and its content. Within the Pasargadae Plain, five Pahlavi inscriptions have previously been identified and read. These inscriptions were uncovered in the area referred to as Tall-i Takht between the years 1961 and 1963, and the tombstone is inscribed in Sassanid Pahlavi script. The inscription associated with the present research presents a distinct subject matter compared to the Tall-i Takht inscriptions. It highlights the construction of ancient bridges and embankments, which are thought to have originated during the reign of Khosrow I. Interestingly, before this inscription was uncovered, archaeologists from the Pasargadae World Heritage Site had already recorded the existence of the foundations of an ancient bridge and overpass situated directly beneath the inscription on the Pulvar River. Thus, the discovery of this inscription significantly amplifies its relevance and the imperative for archaeological engagement and conservation. Additionally, it is pertinent to mention that the current study was carried out through both fieldwork and library resources.
Keywords: Pasargadae, Dasht-i Morghab, Tang-e Bulaghi, Pahlavi
Inscription, Ancient Bridge.
monuments from the Middle Elamite to Post-Achaemenid periods are
located. Several inscriptions from the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid
periods in different languages and scripts are also located here. The current article aims to study the graffiti at Naqš-e Rostam which belong to the Islamic and contemporary era. Although some researchers including Ernst E. Herzfeld have previously reported the existence of different graffiti and even published some of them, they still need to be studied and published in detail. Some graffiti discussed in the present article were written by different rulers including ʿAżod-al-Dawla, Shah Abbas I, and Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. There are also several graffiti of some prominent Orientalists and travellers written inside the royal tombs, and writings on the tower structure of Kaʿba-ye Zardosht were carved in different European languages as well as the Persian language. Hebrew graffiti can also be found at Naqš-e Rostam.
of a coffin in six lines, and it is said to belong to a person named Wahrām ī
Mēhrag. According to the date mentioned in the inscription, it is likely to be
related to the 6th of May in the year 40 of Yazdgerdi. This year is equal to 672 AD and 53 AH, which is the era of Muawiya's caliphate. Also, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the types of structures related to burial in Mount Hossein. The current research was conducted in the field and documents.
Marvdasht city. Numerous ancient monuments can be seen in this mountain,
the most important of which is undoubtedly Persepolis or the Achaemenid
city of Pārsa. The mountain also includes extensive evidence of ancient
burials. Furthermore, Sassanian epigraphical evidence, such as the
inscriptions of Maqṣūd Ābād and Taxt-e Ṭawus, have been spotted in Kuh-e
Rahmat. A newly found Middle Persian inscription that can be considered a
burial inscription will be introduced and discussed in the present article. The
most critical issue in this inscription is the attestation of the city Istakhr.
Such an attestation in the context of burial inscriptions is unique.
It is generally assumed that the inscription might belong to the late Sassanian
era. Such burial inscriptions could belong to one of the significant social
classes at that time, i.e., the scribes.The exact location of the newly inscribed
inscription of Kuh-e-Mehr is the same valley in which Taxt-e Ṭawus
inscriptions are located: on the right side of the road between Naqsh-e-Rajab
and the city of Istakhr. Kuh-e Rahmat inscription is written in six lines
vertically. Its dimensions is 50 cm in 60 cm. There are two square holes
below the inscription in the mouth of a small cave. Some researchers
consider these holes, which are very frequent in this region, as Astodān.
Such square holes can be seen in large numbers on the mountain slopes near
Naqsh-e Rajab and the newly discovered inscription. These holes could
indicate that the Kuh-e Rahmet inscription is a burial inscription. The
surrounding area could be a burial place as well.All the material presented in
this speech indicates the great importance of this inscription, which
necessitates further research on this inscription.The environment around this
inscription should also be further studied by archaeologists.
A preliminary article in English, introducing a newly found Achaemenid inscription on the right corner of the royal tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam, was published by the present authors in March 2019 (Arta 2019.001). Here, in the Persian revised version of that article, the authors have not only provided a Persian translation of the mentioned article, but also reviewed further relevant issues and put forward new philological arguments on the Old Persian verb āfər/ṛnāti, some orthographical aspects of the Babylonian verb i-kà-ir-ra-bi, and the identity of the figure depicted under the inscription.
Note: a reassessment of the DAI photographs of the Achaemenid royal tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam, which were also published in the English version of this article, revealed a mistake by the authors. Figure 7 of the English article (page 11) is taken from the right part of the top register of the Royal Tomb III at Naqsh-e Rostam in the 1970s. It has been mistaken by the authors for the Royal Tomb II (Darius I).
As you will see In this reaserch the premier foundation of jam fiction is referenced to indoeuropean era and it came to islamic era through mythologic evolution.
fracture, transformation and merger are elements of the myth revolution which are visible in this metamorphosis.
As in this way the borders of god formed in vedic era to mysticism valley in islamic era were passed.
The result of the present research is all the evolutions that this indoeuropean popular myth has experienced in iranian cultural context. The character that descents after zoroaster innovation but due to its enduring popularity started recreating and ascending!
Behistun Inscription. Despite the fact that scholars have put
considerable effort in locating the current sites of many of these
places, there is a shroud of mystery hanging over some. A
mountain called Parga, the battlefield of King Darius with
Vahyazdta, is one of them. Some researchers have identified it
with Forg District which seems to be an erroneous assumption.
This study, while convincingly refuting the aforementioned
assumption, tries to propound and prove a new idea as regards
the whereabouts of Prga. In reaching this goal, the authors have
benefited from etymological and historical evidence and have
examined the original inscription in Old Persian, Elamite,
Babylonian, and Aramaic. The results of this study indicate that
what is now called Shahrak-e Abarj in the Marvdasht Plain could
be the real location of Prga referred to in the Behistun
Inscription.
Marvdasht plain which is historically located between the two ancient
sites of Parseh (Achaemenid civilization) and Anshan (Elamite
civilization). Different villages across the plain with Doroudzan at the
center, and those across the mountainous areas, such as Dashtak and
Kondazi, have allotted cultural and dialectal variety to this part of Fars
province. The dialect spoken in Doroudzan represents that of the plain
settlers along Kor River, and the dialect common in Dashtak and
Kondazi is typical of the one used by mountain settlers. In this essay,
phonological, semantic, and etymological transformations of the
widely used vocabulary of this region have been classified in terms of
a variety of subjects: body organs, fauna, everyday essentials, a
number of adverbs and common verbs. As will be seen, some of these
words (noft for "nose" in Doroudzani) have ancient roots, but cannot
be traced in Middle and New Persian; we can also see some words
that were common in Middle Persian, but are now lost, or have a very
rare use in New Persian (parvandušna for "not last night but the night
before" in Kondazi). This field- and archival research leads us to the
conclusion that the dialects in the mountainous areas represent the
older original dialect spoken across Marvdasht plain which later, with
the arrival of immigrant communities to the shores of Kor River, has
been replaced by the immigrants' dialect; however, in the mountainous
areas, older dialects are still being used.
Conference Presentations by Mojtaba Doroodi
Indoiranian tribes which have embraced a wide range of meanings. vocabularies,
that can be traced back up to the second millennium B.C considering written
sources. However finding out the semantic nature of these word's wide range of
meaning in ancient texts has involved many scholar's minds. Since they have been
used in a wide range of meanings in the most ancient written sources from
inscriptions to ancient texts. Among their most frequent usage, is the existence of the
proper names which are composed in combination of these words which indicates the
ancient people's deep belief in them. This study by the examining of special
names that form the blend with these concepts, is another way to approach the
broad concepts of these vocabularies. On the other hand the integration of these
words with the life after death is also an indicator of the ancient Iranian's attitude
towards the otherworld's which has been discussed in this essay.
This study reviews the essential role of the river in shaping of social communities and cultural transfer from the remote past through the Sassanid era and even up to now. using the results of the important excavations in the scope of Kura river , the historical resources , philology and taking note of the historical geography .
2022 within the Bulaghi gorge of the Pasargadae Plain. The inscription,
crafted in Middle Persian script following the Sassanid tradition, measures
40 cm in width and 90 cm in length. It features three distinct frames, each
containing text. The primary focus is the central frame, which is oriented
vertically and consists of eight lines, while the adjacent boxes, positioned
above and below the central text, are inscribed horizontally. The upper
box features three lines, while the lower box similarly appears to contain
three lines; however, only a single word is legible. The primary research
inquiries focus on the ownership of the inscription, its date of composition,and its content. Within the Pasargadae Plain, five Pahlavi inscriptions have previously been identified and read. These inscriptions were uncovered in the area referred to as Tall-i Takht between the years 1961 and 1963, and the tombstone is inscribed in Sassanid Pahlavi script. The inscription associated with the present research presents a distinct subject matter compared to the Tall-i Takht inscriptions. It highlights the construction of ancient bridges and embankments, which are thought to have originated during the reign of Khosrow I. Interestingly, before this inscription was uncovered, archaeologists from the Pasargadae World Heritage Site had already recorded the existence of the foundations of an ancient bridge and overpass situated directly beneath the inscription on the Pulvar River. Thus, the discovery of this inscription significantly amplifies its relevance and the imperative for archaeological engagement and conservation. Additionally, it is pertinent to mention that the current study was carried out through both fieldwork and library resources.
Keywords: Pasargadae, Dasht-i Morghab, Tang-e Bulaghi, Pahlavi
Inscription, Ancient Bridge.
monuments from the Middle Elamite to Post-Achaemenid periods are
located. Several inscriptions from the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid
periods in different languages and scripts are also located here. The current article aims to study the graffiti at Naqš-e Rostam which belong to the Islamic and contemporary era. Although some researchers including Ernst E. Herzfeld have previously reported the existence of different graffiti and even published some of them, they still need to be studied and published in detail. Some graffiti discussed in the present article were written by different rulers including ʿAżod-al-Dawla, Shah Abbas I, and Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. There are also several graffiti of some prominent Orientalists and travellers written inside the royal tombs, and writings on the tower structure of Kaʿba-ye Zardosht were carved in different European languages as well as the Persian language. Hebrew graffiti can also be found at Naqš-e Rostam.
of a coffin in six lines, and it is said to belong to a person named Wahrām ī
Mēhrag. According to the date mentioned in the inscription, it is likely to be
related to the 6th of May in the year 40 of Yazdgerdi. This year is equal to 672 AD and 53 AH, which is the era of Muawiya's caliphate. Also, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the types of structures related to burial in Mount Hossein. The current research was conducted in the field and documents.
Marvdasht city. Numerous ancient monuments can be seen in this mountain,
the most important of which is undoubtedly Persepolis or the Achaemenid
city of Pārsa. The mountain also includes extensive evidence of ancient
burials. Furthermore, Sassanian epigraphical evidence, such as the
inscriptions of Maqṣūd Ābād and Taxt-e Ṭawus, have been spotted in Kuh-e
Rahmat. A newly found Middle Persian inscription that can be considered a
burial inscription will be introduced and discussed in the present article. The
most critical issue in this inscription is the attestation of the city Istakhr.
Such an attestation in the context of burial inscriptions is unique.
It is generally assumed that the inscription might belong to the late Sassanian
era. Such burial inscriptions could belong to one of the significant social
classes at that time, i.e., the scribes.The exact location of the newly inscribed
inscription of Kuh-e-Mehr is the same valley in which Taxt-e Ṭawus
inscriptions are located: on the right side of the road between Naqsh-e-Rajab
and the city of Istakhr. Kuh-e Rahmat inscription is written in six lines
vertically. Its dimensions is 50 cm in 60 cm. There are two square holes
below the inscription in the mouth of a small cave. Some researchers
consider these holes, which are very frequent in this region, as Astodān.
Such square holes can be seen in large numbers on the mountain slopes near
Naqsh-e Rajab and the newly discovered inscription. These holes could
indicate that the Kuh-e Rahmet inscription is a burial inscription. The
surrounding area could be a burial place as well.All the material presented in
this speech indicates the great importance of this inscription, which
necessitates further research on this inscription.The environment around this
inscription should also be further studied by archaeologists.
A preliminary article in English, introducing a newly found Achaemenid inscription on the right corner of the royal tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam, was published by the present authors in March 2019 (Arta 2019.001). Here, in the Persian revised version of that article, the authors have not only provided a Persian translation of the mentioned article, but also reviewed further relevant issues and put forward new philological arguments on the Old Persian verb āfər/ṛnāti, some orthographical aspects of the Babylonian verb i-kà-ir-ra-bi, and the identity of the figure depicted under the inscription.
Note: a reassessment of the DAI photographs of the Achaemenid royal tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam, which were also published in the English version of this article, revealed a mistake by the authors. Figure 7 of the English article (page 11) is taken from the right part of the top register of the Royal Tomb III at Naqsh-e Rostam in the 1970s. It has been mistaken by the authors for the Royal Tomb II (Darius I).
As you will see In this reaserch the premier foundation of jam fiction is referenced to indoeuropean era and it came to islamic era through mythologic evolution.
fracture, transformation and merger are elements of the myth revolution which are visible in this metamorphosis.
As in this way the borders of god formed in vedic era to mysticism valley in islamic era were passed.
The result of the present research is all the evolutions that this indoeuropean popular myth has experienced in iranian cultural context. The character that descents after zoroaster innovation but due to its enduring popularity started recreating and ascending!
Behistun Inscription. Despite the fact that scholars have put
considerable effort in locating the current sites of many of these
places, there is a shroud of mystery hanging over some. A
mountain called Parga, the battlefield of King Darius with
Vahyazdta, is one of them. Some researchers have identified it
with Forg District which seems to be an erroneous assumption.
This study, while convincingly refuting the aforementioned
assumption, tries to propound and prove a new idea as regards
the whereabouts of Prga. In reaching this goal, the authors have
benefited from etymological and historical evidence and have
examined the original inscription in Old Persian, Elamite,
Babylonian, and Aramaic. The results of this study indicate that
what is now called Shahrak-e Abarj in the Marvdasht Plain could
be the real location of Prga referred to in the Behistun
Inscription.
Marvdasht plain which is historically located between the two ancient
sites of Parseh (Achaemenid civilization) and Anshan (Elamite
civilization). Different villages across the plain with Doroudzan at the
center, and those across the mountainous areas, such as Dashtak and
Kondazi, have allotted cultural and dialectal variety to this part of Fars
province. The dialect spoken in Doroudzan represents that of the plain
settlers along Kor River, and the dialect common in Dashtak and
Kondazi is typical of the one used by mountain settlers. In this essay,
phonological, semantic, and etymological transformations of the
widely used vocabulary of this region have been classified in terms of
a variety of subjects: body organs, fauna, everyday essentials, a
number of adverbs and common verbs. As will be seen, some of these
words (noft for "nose" in Doroudzani) have ancient roots, but cannot
be traced in Middle and New Persian; we can also see some words
that were common in Middle Persian, but are now lost, or have a very
rare use in New Persian (parvandušna for "not last night but the night
before" in Kondazi). This field- and archival research leads us to the
conclusion that the dialects in the mountainous areas represent the
older original dialect spoken across Marvdasht plain which later, with
the arrival of immigrant communities to the shores of Kor River, has
been replaced by the immigrants' dialect; however, in the mountainous
areas, older dialects are still being used.
Indoiranian tribes which have embraced a wide range of meanings. vocabularies,
that can be traced back up to the second millennium B.C considering written
sources. However finding out the semantic nature of these word's wide range of
meaning in ancient texts has involved many scholar's minds. Since they have been
used in a wide range of meanings in the most ancient written sources from
inscriptions to ancient texts. Among their most frequent usage, is the existence of the
proper names which are composed in combination of these words which indicates the
ancient people's deep belief in them. This study by the examining of special
names that form the blend with these concepts, is another way to approach the
broad concepts of these vocabularies. On the other hand the integration of these
words with the life after death is also an indicator of the ancient Iranian's attitude
towards the otherworld's which has been discussed in this essay.
This study reviews the essential role of the river in shaping of social communities and cultural transfer from the remote past through the Sassanid era and even up to now. using the results of the important excavations in the scope of Kura river , the historical resources , philology and taking note of the historical geography .