SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the w... more SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the world which leads to life-threatening, properties and infrastructure damages. Hence, an effective technique is needed to monitor it thus, reducing the impact caused by this type of disaster. There are two approaches available for landslide deformation monitoring and they are pointbased technique and area-based technique. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of the landslide body due to the capability of high speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for monitoring unstable land slopes. It is undisputable that, proper project planning is needed before carrying out data collection for landslide monitoring. An important aspect that requires research is the optimum ground resolution of survey. This scan resolution mainly depends on the dis...
ABSTRACT Tragedies and disasters in the past have shown the threats that are associated with larg... more ABSTRACT Tragedies and disasters in the past have shown the threats that are associated with large construction projects. A timely identification of precursory movements may save lives and minimise collateral damage. An advanced global positioning system (GPS) continuously operating reference station network known as ISKANDARnet is operated continuously to detect deformations in Iskandar, State of Johor, Malaysia. In this study, three GPS continuously operating reference stations from the ISKANDARnet were used as the object stations along four nearby international GNSS service stations (NTUS, XMIS, COCO and PIMO) used as reference stations. The GPS data were streamed and processed by a GPS processing software module, Bernese processing engine. A deformation analysis module was developed using the MATLAB programming language to carry out continuous two-epoch analyses. The development also involves the implementation of the iteratively weighted similarity transformation method and a final S-transformation to analyse the GPS data. By applying these techniques, unstable object points were identified within the monitoring network and accurate displacement vectors were computed. The time-based variation of the displacements was shown in this paper. Test results showed that the system performed satisfactorily.
Page 1. International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 Interna... more Page 1. International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 GIS-based Routing System for UTM Campus ...
This research provides a clustering based approach for determining potential candidates for outli... more This research provides a clustering based approach for determining potential candidates for outliers. This is a modification of the method proposed by Serbert et.al (1998). It is based on using the single linkage clustering algorithm to group the standardized predicted and residual values of data set fit by least trimmed of squares (LTS). 1.
Accuracy is a crucial requirement in the shipbuilding industry, especially during the design stag... more Accuracy is a crucial requirement in the shipbuilding industry, especially during the design stage. The existence of errors in 3D prototype models can cause huge discrepancies when projected to full-scale objects. The ability to provide rapid and dense 3D data has made the terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) a viable option in shipbuilding measurement. However, the numerous sources of systematic error that corrupt collected TLS data make a calibration procedure necessary. The requirement of laboratory with large number of targets to perform existing TLS calibration procedures make them unfeasible for most TLS users. Thus, this study has investigated the suitability of an on-site calibration method for application in high-accuracy shipbuilding. Two prototype boats were measured using a Faro Focus 3D scanner and close range photogrammetry was used for benchmarking purposes. By utilising four quantitative analyses, the results verify the ability of the developed calibration method to imp...
SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the w... more SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the world which leads to life-threatening, properties and infrastructure damages. Hence, an effective technique is needed to monitor it thus, reducing the impact caused by this type of disaster. There are two approaches available for landslide deformation monitoring and they are pointbased technique and area-based technique. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of the landslide body due to the capability of high speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for monitoring unstable land slopes. It is undisputable that, proper project planning is needed before carrying out data collection for landslide monitoring. An important aspect that requires research is the optimum ground resolution of survey. This scan resolution mainly depends on the dis...
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed... more Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits.
Robotic Total Station or Robotic Tachometry System (RTS) are widely used for surveying purpose an... more Robotic Total Station or Robotic Tachometry System (RTS) are widely used for surveying purpose and solution. From surveyor to archeologist, professionals used RTS to solve many problems in data collection such as mapping the land use, archeology excavation site or used in construction field. Latest technology adopted in modern total station is servo motors to drive both the horizontal and vertical motion of the instruments. This technology is designed specially to search automatically for prism target (known as ATR). Manufacturers such as Leica Geosystem, Topcon Instrument, Trimble and Geodimeter have designed an instrument with ATR. Usually, the RTS can be used in precise measurement such as deformation monitoring or dimensional surveying for industrial. Both applications needed high precision instrument and also robust data analysis. This paper describes and discusses an industrial deformation software known as InDA (Industrial Deformation Analysis Software). The discussion includ...
This paper describes two methods to create a parametric model of a craniofacial structure. The fi... more This paper describes two methods to create a parametric model of a craniofacial structure. The first method uses spherical harmonics (SH) which describe the surface determined by mapping to a sphere. The second method is Hierarchical B-Spline which split the surface into several numbers of patches to obtain a given shape. The usual way of storing craniofacial data is voxel images that allow visual capturing of the objects, but it is lack of structural description since they are based on huge list of numbers. On the other hand new medical imaging modalities, such as Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry and Laser-scanner produce precise and smooth models of human tissues. Until now the model used in such applications are rough polygon meshes.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015
Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with v... more Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with various systematic errors coming from different sources. Self-calibration technique is a method available to investigate these errors for TLS which were adopted from photogrammetry technique. According to the photogrammetry principle, the selection of datum constraints can cause different types of parameter correlations. However, the network configuration applied by TLS and photogrammetry calibrations are quite different, thus, this study has investigated the significant of photogrammetry datum constraints principle in TLS self-calibration. To ensure that the assessment is thorough, the datum constraints analyses were carried out using three variant network configurations: 1) minimum number of scan stations; 2) minimum number of surfaces for targets distribution; and 3) minimum number of point targets. Based on graphical and statistical, the analyses of datum constraints selection indicat...
Crime scene investigators in law enforcement were always looking for new methods to make their jo... more Crime scene investigators in law enforcement were always looking for new methods to make their job easier, more accurate and more efficient. To process a crime scene in an organized approach, one of the vital stages in processing is scene documentation. The scene documentation is an important stage because it is visualization record of evidences on the scene. Hence, this study focus on how to do the scene documentation by mapping those evidences using the iwitness and crime zone software. Close range photogrammetry method used in iwitness software to help crime scene investigators dealing with non contact measurement data acquisition. Physical evidences on the crime scene were measured and verified with tape and laser scanner measurement. Then the output .dxf data from iwitness exported to crime zone in order to generate 3d visualization of the crime scenes whether it is homicide scenes, evidence and bullet trajectories. Combination of iwitness and crime zone software is a vital too...
Aerial photogrammetric method is currently used to generate the 3D city model at level of detail ... more Aerial photogrammetric method is currently used to generate the 3D city model at level of detail two (LOD2). However, the method faced with the problem of mapping the small buildings due to scaling factor. Therefore, this research aim to produce 3D building model of small building by using Close-Range Photogrammetric (CRP) method. The generated 3D model were than integrate with the 3D city model generated from aerial images for simple visualization and applications.
Large structures such as dams undergo deformation. Deformation monitoring is required to ensure t... more Large structures such as dams undergo deformation. Deformation monitoring is required to ensure the dams are secured during its operational life. Among the various scheme of monitoring, the deformation monitoring via geodetic method can be applied to obtain the status of displacement vector of the surface object points under investigation. Geotechnical observables are complementary to the geodetic network observables for the deformation modeling purpose. Geodetic network provides the absolute displacement vector of the object points on the surfaces of the body under investigation while the geotechnical measurement provides the relative displacement inside the body. This paper describes the combination scheme of the geodetic and geotechnical observables to determine the deformation model. The whole scheme of the computer program to handle the deformation analysis is also described. The preliminary results of some modules of the program are presented, followed by some important recomm...
Setan, Halim and Majid, Zulkepli (2009) Precise measurement and 3D modeling using close-range mea... more Setan, Halim and Majid, Zulkepli (2009) Precise measurement and 3D modeling using close-range measuring systems. In: Joint 8th International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009 & ISPRS Symposium on Spatial Decision Support System and LBS ...
The advances in medical imaging, beginning from the discovery of X-rays have nowadays opened new ... more The advances in medical imaging, beginning from the discovery of X-rays have nowadays opened new perspectives for improvements in the area of computer assisted surgical planning. Meanwhile, modern medical imaging techniques, such as Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are widely-used for diagnostic and require 3D models of human anatomy for visualization purposes. 3D body models provide the information on the geometrical disposition of different anatomical structures. In craniofacial surgery, there is a great demand for efficient computer assisted methods, which could enable flexible, accurate and robust simulations for the realistic prediction of postoperative appearance. The computer assisted surgical planning has many advantages in comparison with conventional planning systems. Once the virtual model of a patient is generated, various case scenarios of the surgical impact and their outcomes can be extensively studied. Better preparation, shorter operati...
2016 6th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), 2016
Quality assurance (QA) is a crucial process to ensure the maximize accuracy of the data delivered... more Quality assurance (QA) is a crucial process to ensure the maximize accuracy of the data delivered to client. Equipped with many moving parts whose relative positions can change over time depending on use, handling frequency and care, the QA is essential for TLS. Furthermore, with rapid and dense three-dimensional (3D) data collection ability, TLS has gain interest for many accurate 3D applications (e.g. industrial surveying, deformation measurement and reverse engineering). The QA for TLS measurement can be performed through calibration procedures, whether via component or system calibrations. Due to the non-affordable facilities and tools by most TLS users required by component calibration, this study focussed on the latter approach which only requires a room with appropriate targets. By employing optimal network configuration, system calibration was performed through self-calibration for hybrid (Leica ScanStation C10) and panoramic (Faro Photon 120) scanners. Four calibration parameters (e.g. constant range (a0), collimation axis (b0), trunnion axis (b1) and vertical circle index (c0) errors) were derived from 138 well-distributed targets in a laboratory with dimensions of 15.5m (length) × 9m (width) × 3m (height). For accuracy assessment purpose, fifteen test points are established at calibration field using photogrammetric technique. Those test points then were used to graphically and statistically evaluate the improvement in accuracy between TLS raw and calibrated data. As expected, the outcomes of statistical analyses have indicated an accuracy enhancement, for both scanners, respectively of 11% for Leica ScanStation C10 (1.7mm) and 50% for Faro Photon 120 (1.8mm) scanners.
SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the w... more SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the world which leads to life-threatening, properties and infrastructure damages. Hence, an effective technique is needed to monitor it thus, reducing the impact caused by this type of disaster. There are two approaches available for landslide deformation monitoring and they are pointbased technique and area-based technique. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of the landslide body due to the capability of high speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for monitoring unstable land slopes. It is undisputable that, proper project planning is needed before carrying out data collection for landslide monitoring. An important aspect that requires research is the optimum ground resolution of survey. This scan resolution mainly depends on the dis...
ABSTRACT Tragedies and disasters in the past have shown the threats that are associated with larg... more ABSTRACT Tragedies and disasters in the past have shown the threats that are associated with large construction projects. A timely identification of precursory movements may save lives and minimise collateral damage. An advanced global positioning system (GPS) continuously operating reference station network known as ISKANDARnet is operated continuously to detect deformations in Iskandar, State of Johor, Malaysia. In this study, three GPS continuously operating reference stations from the ISKANDARnet were used as the object stations along four nearby international GNSS service stations (NTUS, XMIS, COCO and PIMO) used as reference stations. The GPS data were streamed and processed by a GPS processing software module, Bernese processing engine. A deformation analysis module was developed using the MATLAB programming language to carry out continuous two-epoch analyses. The development also involves the implementation of the iteratively weighted similarity transformation method and a final S-transformation to analyse the GPS data. By applying these techniques, unstable object points were identified within the monitoring network and accurate displacement vectors were computed. The time-based variation of the displacements was shown in this paper. Test results showed that the system performed satisfactorily.
Page 1. International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 Interna... more Page 1. International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009. August 10-11, 2009 GIS-based Routing System for UTM Campus ...
This research provides a clustering based approach for determining potential candidates for outli... more This research provides a clustering based approach for determining potential candidates for outliers. This is a modification of the method proposed by Serbert et.al (1998). It is based on using the single linkage clustering algorithm to group the standardized predicted and residual values of data set fit by least trimmed of squares (LTS). 1.
Accuracy is a crucial requirement in the shipbuilding industry, especially during the design stag... more Accuracy is a crucial requirement in the shipbuilding industry, especially during the design stage. The existence of errors in 3D prototype models can cause huge discrepancies when projected to full-scale objects. The ability to provide rapid and dense 3D data has made the terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) a viable option in shipbuilding measurement. However, the numerous sources of systematic error that corrupt collected TLS data make a calibration procedure necessary. The requirement of laboratory with large number of targets to perform existing TLS calibration procedures make them unfeasible for most TLS users. Thus, this study has investigated the suitability of an on-site calibration method for application in high-accuracy shipbuilding. Two prototype boats were measured using a Faro Focus 3D scanner and close range photogrammetry was used for benchmarking purposes. By utilising four quantitative analyses, the results verify the ability of the developed calibration method to imp...
SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the w... more SUMMARY Landslide is one of the most devastating natural disasters for countries throughout the world which leads to life-threatening, properties and infrastructure damages. Hence, an effective technique is needed to monitor it thus, reducing the impact caused by this type of disaster. There are two approaches available for landslide deformation monitoring and they are pointbased technique and area-based technique. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of the landslide body due to the capability of high speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for monitoring unstable land slopes. It is undisputable that, proper project planning is needed before carrying out data collection for landslide monitoring. An important aspect that requires research is the optimum ground resolution of survey. This scan resolution mainly depends on the dis...
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed... more Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits.
Robotic Total Station or Robotic Tachometry System (RTS) are widely used for surveying purpose an... more Robotic Total Station or Robotic Tachometry System (RTS) are widely used for surveying purpose and solution. From surveyor to archeologist, professionals used RTS to solve many problems in data collection such as mapping the land use, archeology excavation site or used in construction field. Latest technology adopted in modern total station is servo motors to drive both the horizontal and vertical motion of the instruments. This technology is designed specially to search automatically for prism target (known as ATR). Manufacturers such as Leica Geosystem, Topcon Instrument, Trimble and Geodimeter have designed an instrument with ATR. Usually, the RTS can be used in precise measurement such as deformation monitoring or dimensional surveying for industrial. Both applications needed high precision instrument and also robust data analysis. This paper describes and discusses an industrial deformation software known as InDA (Industrial Deformation Analysis Software). The discussion includ...
This paper describes two methods to create a parametric model of a craniofacial structure. The fi... more This paper describes two methods to create a parametric model of a craniofacial structure. The first method uses spherical harmonics (SH) which describe the surface determined by mapping to a sphere. The second method is Hierarchical B-Spline which split the surface into several numbers of patches to obtain a given shape. The usual way of storing craniofacial data is voxel images that allow visual capturing of the objects, but it is lack of structural description since they are based on huge list of numbers. On the other hand new medical imaging modalities, such as Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry and Laser-scanner produce precise and smooth models of human tissues. Until now the model used in such applications are rough polygon meshes.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015
Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with v... more Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with various systematic errors coming from different sources. Self-calibration technique is a method available to investigate these errors for TLS which were adopted from photogrammetry technique. According to the photogrammetry principle, the selection of datum constraints can cause different types of parameter correlations. However, the network configuration applied by TLS and photogrammetry calibrations are quite different, thus, this study has investigated the significant of photogrammetry datum constraints principle in TLS self-calibration. To ensure that the assessment is thorough, the datum constraints analyses were carried out using three variant network configurations: 1) minimum number of scan stations; 2) minimum number of surfaces for targets distribution; and 3) minimum number of point targets. Based on graphical and statistical, the analyses of datum constraints selection indicat...
Crime scene investigators in law enforcement were always looking for new methods to make their jo... more Crime scene investigators in law enforcement were always looking for new methods to make their job easier, more accurate and more efficient. To process a crime scene in an organized approach, one of the vital stages in processing is scene documentation. The scene documentation is an important stage because it is visualization record of evidences on the scene. Hence, this study focus on how to do the scene documentation by mapping those evidences using the iwitness and crime zone software. Close range photogrammetry method used in iwitness software to help crime scene investigators dealing with non contact measurement data acquisition. Physical evidences on the crime scene were measured and verified with tape and laser scanner measurement. Then the output .dxf data from iwitness exported to crime zone in order to generate 3d visualization of the crime scenes whether it is homicide scenes, evidence and bullet trajectories. Combination of iwitness and crime zone software is a vital too...
Aerial photogrammetric method is currently used to generate the 3D city model at level of detail ... more Aerial photogrammetric method is currently used to generate the 3D city model at level of detail two (LOD2). However, the method faced with the problem of mapping the small buildings due to scaling factor. Therefore, this research aim to produce 3D building model of small building by using Close-Range Photogrammetric (CRP) method. The generated 3D model were than integrate with the 3D city model generated from aerial images for simple visualization and applications.
Large structures such as dams undergo deformation. Deformation monitoring is required to ensure t... more Large structures such as dams undergo deformation. Deformation monitoring is required to ensure the dams are secured during its operational life. Among the various scheme of monitoring, the deformation monitoring via geodetic method can be applied to obtain the status of displacement vector of the surface object points under investigation. Geotechnical observables are complementary to the geodetic network observables for the deformation modeling purpose. Geodetic network provides the absolute displacement vector of the object points on the surfaces of the body under investigation while the geotechnical measurement provides the relative displacement inside the body. This paper describes the combination scheme of the geodetic and geotechnical observables to determine the deformation model. The whole scheme of the computer program to handle the deformation analysis is also described. The preliminary results of some modules of the program are presented, followed by some important recomm...
Setan, Halim and Majid, Zulkepli (2009) Precise measurement and 3D modeling using close-range mea... more Setan, Halim and Majid, Zulkepli (2009) Precise measurement and 3D modeling using close-range measuring systems. In: Joint 8th International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2009 & ISPRS Symposium on Spatial Decision Support System and LBS ...
The advances in medical imaging, beginning from the discovery of X-rays have nowadays opened new ... more The advances in medical imaging, beginning from the discovery of X-rays have nowadays opened new perspectives for improvements in the area of computer assisted surgical planning. Meanwhile, modern medical imaging techniques, such as Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are widely-used for diagnostic and require 3D models of human anatomy for visualization purposes. 3D body models provide the information on the geometrical disposition of different anatomical structures. In craniofacial surgery, there is a great demand for efficient computer assisted methods, which could enable flexible, accurate and robust simulations for the realistic prediction of postoperative appearance. The computer assisted surgical planning has many advantages in comparison with conventional planning systems. Once the virtual model of a patient is generated, various case scenarios of the surgical impact and their outcomes can be extensively studied. Better preparation, shorter operati...
2016 6th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), 2016
Quality assurance (QA) is a crucial process to ensure the maximize accuracy of the data delivered... more Quality assurance (QA) is a crucial process to ensure the maximize accuracy of the data delivered to client. Equipped with many moving parts whose relative positions can change over time depending on use, handling frequency and care, the QA is essential for TLS. Furthermore, with rapid and dense three-dimensional (3D) data collection ability, TLS has gain interest for many accurate 3D applications (e.g. industrial surveying, deformation measurement and reverse engineering). The QA for TLS measurement can be performed through calibration procedures, whether via component or system calibrations. Due to the non-affordable facilities and tools by most TLS users required by component calibration, this study focussed on the latter approach which only requires a room with appropriate targets. By employing optimal network configuration, system calibration was performed through self-calibration for hybrid (Leica ScanStation C10) and panoramic (Faro Photon 120) scanners. Four calibration parameters (e.g. constant range (a0), collimation axis (b0), trunnion axis (b1) and vertical circle index (c0) errors) were derived from 138 well-distributed targets in a laboratory with dimensions of 15.5m (length) × 9m (width) × 3m (height). For accuracy assessment purpose, fifteen test points are established at calibration field using photogrammetric technique. Those test points then were used to graphically and statistically evaluate the improvement in accuracy between TLS raw and calibrated data. As expected, the outcomes of statistical analyses have indicated an accuracy enhancement, for both scanners, respectively of 11% for Leica ScanStation C10 (1.7mm) and 50% for Faro Photon 120 (1.8mm) scanners.
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