This paper investigates and compares the performances of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf (PLA-K) and ... more This paper investigates and compares the performances of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf (PLA-K) and PLA/rice husk (PLA-RH) composites in terms of biodegradability, mechanical and thermal properties. Composites with natural fiber weight content of 20% with fiber sizes of less than 100 μm were produced for testing and characterization. A twin-screw extrusion was used to compound PLA and natural fibers, and extruded composites
ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of high pressure ho... more ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of high pressure homogenization (HPH) parameters (pressure and number of cycles) on the isolated yield, crystallinity, and diameter of kenaf bast cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Central composite design of experiments was utilized to determine the optimal pressure and number of cycles of HPS for the highest CNF yield, crystallinity, and lowest CNF diameter. The linear terms for the pressure and homogenization cycles had significant effects on the CNF yield, crystallinity, and diameter, whereas the interaction between the pressure and homogenization cycles had a significant effect on the CNF crystallinity. The optimized experimental conditions for the HPH process were a homogenization pressure of 56 MPa, 44 P homogenization cycles, and a 0.1 wt% fiber suspension concentration. Under these conditions, the isolated kenaf bast CNF yield was 89.9% with 56.5% CNF crystallinity and a CNF diameter of 8 nm.
... Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 14. EA Hegazy, N. B. El-Assy, A. Rabie, I. Ishigaki, and J. Okamo... more ... Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 14. EA Hegazy, N. B. El-Assy, A. Rabie, I. Ishigaki, and J. Okamoto, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. 15. EA Hegazy, N. H. Taher, and H. Kamal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, 1229 (1989). 16. N. H. Taher, E. A. Hagezy, AM Dessouki, and M. B. El-Arnaouty, Radiat. ...
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2008
Abstract Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites were developed by the incorporation of a novel n... more Abstract Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites were developed by the incorporation of a novel nano-sized precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) nanoparticles and polyethyleneoctene elastomer (POE). The NPCC filler loading selected were 10 and 15wt.% while the ...
Abstract: Rubber toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites (RTPPNC) containing organophilic lay... more Abstract: Rubber toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites (RTPPNC) containing organophilic layered silicates were prepared by means of melt extrusion at 230 C using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder in order to examine the influence of the organoclay and polyethylene octene (POE) as filler and impact modifier, respectively, on mechanical and fracture properties. The mechanical properties of RTPPNC were studied through tensile, flexural and impact tests. The strength and stiffness of RTPPNC were improved ...
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, which degrades to nont... more Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, which degrades to nontoxic compounds in landfills. With current advances in the field of nanotechnology, development of layered silicate-based PLA nanocomposites successfully created a sustainable material with enhanced physical, thermal and chemical properties, holding the future as an alternative to petroleum-based materials. However, the toughness of PLA in its pristine state and nanocomposites is often insufficient. As such, there has been tremendous effort in developing ways to improve this with incorporation of plasticizers and impact modifiers. In this review, we summarize approaches in toughening of PLA and its nanocomposites.
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2007
PA6/PP nanocomposites with either polyethylene octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POEgMAH... more PA6/PP nanocomposites with either polyethylene octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POEgMAH) or PP grafted maleic anhydride (PPgMAH) as compatibilizer were prepared using co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the composites were investigated by means of tensile, flexural, and impact testing and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the formation of nanocomposites. The result ...
This paper investigates and compares the performances of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf (PLA-K) and ... more This paper investigates and compares the performances of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf (PLA-K) and PLA/rice husk (PLA-RH) composites in terms of biodegradability, mechanical and thermal properties. Composites with natural fiber weight content of 20% with fiber sizes of less than 100 μm were produced for testing and characterization. A twin-screw extrusion was used to compound PLA and natural fibers, and extruded composites
ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of high pressure ho... more ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of high pressure homogenization (HPH) parameters (pressure and number of cycles) on the isolated yield, crystallinity, and diameter of kenaf bast cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Central composite design of experiments was utilized to determine the optimal pressure and number of cycles of HPS for the highest CNF yield, crystallinity, and lowest CNF diameter. The linear terms for the pressure and homogenization cycles had significant effects on the CNF yield, crystallinity, and diameter, whereas the interaction between the pressure and homogenization cycles had a significant effect on the CNF crystallinity. The optimized experimental conditions for the HPH process were a homogenization pressure of 56 MPa, 44 P homogenization cycles, and a 0.1 wt% fiber suspension concentration. Under these conditions, the isolated kenaf bast CNF yield was 89.9% with 56.5% CNF crystallinity and a CNF diameter of 8 nm.
... Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 14. EA Hegazy, N. B. El-Assy, A. Rabie, I. Ishigaki, and J. Okamo... more ... Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 14. EA Hegazy, N. B. El-Assy, A. Rabie, I. Ishigaki, and J. Okamoto, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. 15. EA Hegazy, N. H. Taher, and H. Kamal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, 1229 (1989). 16. N. H. Taher, E. A. Hagezy, AM Dessouki, and M. B. El-Arnaouty, Radiat. ...
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2008
Abstract Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites were developed by the incorporation of a novel n... more Abstract Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites were developed by the incorporation of a novel nano-sized precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) nanoparticles and polyethyleneoctene elastomer (POE). The NPCC filler loading selected were 10 and 15wt.% while the ...
Abstract: Rubber toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites (RTPPNC) containing organophilic lay... more Abstract: Rubber toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites (RTPPNC) containing organophilic layered silicates were prepared by means of melt extrusion at 230 C using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder in order to examine the influence of the organoclay and polyethylene octene (POE) as filler and impact modifier, respectively, on mechanical and fracture properties. The mechanical properties of RTPPNC were studied through tensile, flexural and impact tests. The strength and stiffness of RTPPNC were improved ...
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, which degrades to nont... more Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, which degrades to nontoxic compounds in landfills. With current advances in the field of nanotechnology, development of layered silicate-based PLA nanocomposites successfully created a sustainable material with enhanced physical, thermal and chemical properties, holding the future as an alternative to petroleum-based materials. However, the toughness of PLA in its pristine state and nanocomposites is often insufficient. As such, there has been tremendous effort in developing ways to improve this with incorporation of plasticizers and impact modifiers. In this review, we summarize approaches in toughening of PLA and its nanocomposites.
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2007
PA6/PP nanocomposites with either polyethylene octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POEgMAH... more PA6/PP nanocomposites with either polyethylene octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POEgMAH) or PP grafted maleic anhydride (PPgMAH) as compatibilizer were prepared using co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the composites were investigated by means of tensile, flexural, and impact testing and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the formation of nanocomposites. The result ...
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