Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Jump to content

Pol Bija

Az Википедиа
(Taƣjiri masir az Пол Бийя)
Pol Bija
fr. Paul Barthélemy Biya'a bi Mvondo
parcam
Prezidenti Kamerun
az 6 nojabri 1982
Peşguzaşta Ahmadu Ahidço
parcam
Sarvaziri Kamerun
30 ijuni 1975 — 6 nojabri 1982
Peşguzaşta vazifa ta'sis joft
Çonişin Bello Buba Majgarī
Tavallud 13 fevral 1933(1933-02-13)[1][2] (91 sol)
Hamsar Şantal Bijja[d] va Ƶanne-Irene Bijja[d]
Farzandon Frank Bijja[d] va Brenda Bijja[d]
Hizb
Tahsilot
E'tiqod kotulisizm[d]
Çoizaho
George Medal Order of Saint Michael and Saint George Order of Pius IX Salibi buzurgi ordeni Legioni Faxrī Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Collar of the Order of Pope Pius IX Ordeni «Baroi xizmatho ba Çumhuriji Itolijo» Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Order of Valour Order of Merit Order of Ouissam Alaouite Order of the Federal Republic Order of Merit of Senegal Order of the Republic Order of the Republic of Serbia
Vebgoh prc.cm​(angl.)​(fr.)
 Parvandaho dar Vikianbor

Pol Bija (incunin Bija; fr. Paul Biya, tav. 13 fevrali 1933, Mvomekaa, Kameruni Faronsa) — sijosatmador va xodimi davlatiji Kamerun; Sarvaziri Kamerun (1975-1982), sipas prezidenti Kamerun (az 1982).

Az 25 ijuli soli 2019, Pol Bija qadimtarin prezidenti amalkunanda dar çahon pas az margi prezidenti Tunis Beçī Qa'd As-Sebsī ast.

Zindaginoma

[viroiş | edit source]

Pol Bija 13 fevrali soli 1933 dar dehai Mvomekaa dar çanubi kişvar tavallud şudaast. Az rūi qavmijat az millati fang (Bulu) [3]. Soli 1956 vaj litseji imtijoznoki ba nomi general Leklerk dar Jaundero xatm kard, sohibi diplomi falsafa gardid [4]. Az mohi ijuni soli 1956 ū dar Litseji Luis le Gran Pariƶ tahsil kardaast, incunin dar Sorbonna tahsil kardaast. Vaj incunin daraçahoi fakultai huquqşinosiji Donişgohi Pariƶ va Instituti sijosatşinosiro dorad. Soli 1962 Instituti omūzişi qalamravhoi burunmarziji Pariƶro xatm kardaast [5].

Kornoma

[viroiş | edit source]

Soli 1962 ū ba vatan bargaşt va ba xidmati davlatī — mansabdori ta'jinoti maxsus dar dastgohi prezidenti kişvar Ahmadu Ahidço doxil şud, sipas soli 1964 direktori kabineti Vazorati maorifi millī, çavonon va farhang ta'jin şud, va dar soli 1965 ū dabiri kulli vazorat şud. Dar soli 1967, ū dubora baroi kor ba daftari rajosati çumhurī raft va direktori kobinai şahrvandī şud. Az mohi janvari soli 1968 — kotibi generaliji kanslerija va hamzamon, mohi avgust rutbai vazirro ba dast ovard. Az mohi ijuni soli 1970 — dar rutbai vaziri davlatī.

30 ijuni soli 1975 Pol Bija sarvaziri Kamerun ta'jin şud.[3] Az soli 1980 — muovini raisi jagona hizbi kişvar, Ittihodi milliji Kamerun.

Rajosatçumhurī

[viroiş | edit source]

4 nojabri soli 1982 Ahmadu Ahidço ƣajriintizor iste'fo e'lon kard va 6 nojabri soli 1982, tibqi konstitutsija, Pol Bija ūro dar vazifai prezident ivaz kard.[3]

Dar mohi avgusti 1983, Bijja Ahidçoro ba omoda kardani tabadduloti ijunī ajbdor kard [6] (mohi fevrali soli 1984 Ahmadu Ahidço va du şariki ū bo ittihomi kūşişi tabadduloti davlatī ƣoibona muhokima karda şudand va Ahidço ba qatl mahkum karda şud, garcande ki ba'dtar Pol Bija ūro bo habsi abad ivaz kard).

14 sentjabri soli 1983 Pol Bija raisi hizbi Ittihodi Milliji Kamerun şud, ki on soli 1985 bo nomi Assotsiatsijai Demokratiji Xalqi Kamerun ivaz karda şud.[3]

Pol Bija va Prezidenti IMA Çorç Buş, 2003.

6 apreli soli 1984 nerūhoi hukumatī kūşişi digari tabadduloti harbiro sarkūb kardand. Pas az on Bijja Gvardijai çumhurijaviro parokanda kard.[6] Vaj dar intixoboti prezidentiji 14 janvari soli 1984 pirūz şud (99,98% ovozhoro girift) va dar intixoboti 24 apreli soli 1988 bo giriftani 98,75% ovozho dubora intixob şud.[7]

11 oktjabri soli 1992 dar kişvar intixoboti navi prezidentī barguzor gardid, ki dar on Pol Bija 39,98%-ro ba dast ovarda, boz pirūz şud (raqibi asosiji ū Çon Fru Ndi 36,8% girift) [7]. Dar soli 1996 Bijja jak sol raisi Sozmoni vahdati Afriqo intixob şud.[3] Dar intixoboti prezidentī, ki 12 oktjabri soli 1997 barguzor şud, ū bo 92,57% ovozho dubora prezidenti kişvar intixob şud. Dar intixoboti soli 2004, Pol Bija 70,92% -ro ba dast ovard.

Solhoi 1994 va 1996 dargirihoi musallahona bo sarbozoni Nigerija dar boloi nimçazirai bahsiji naftxezi Bakassī rux dodand. Dar mohi oktjabri soli 2002, sudi bajnalmilalī haqqi Kamerunro e'tirof kard va 12 ijuni 2006 Pol Bija va Prezidenti Nigerija Olusegun Obasanço sozişnomai daxldorro ba imzo rasonidand, ammo parlumoni Nigerija az tasvib dast kaşid. Nimçazira ba Kamerun dar soli 2008 doda şud.

11 oktjabri soli 2004 dar in kişvar intixoboti muntazami prezidentī barguzor gardid, ki dar natiçai on Pol Bija boz 70.92% ovozhoro ba dast ovarda, pirūz şud [7].

9 oktjabri soli 2011, ū dubora dubora intixob şud va dar intixoboti prezidentī 77,99% ovoz girift (bori digar Çon Fru Ndi, ki 10% ba dast ovard) [7].

Pol Bija sijosatmador-tarafdori rū ba moili Faronsa ast.

Dar iqtisodijot, on munosibathoi xudro bo Cin inkişof medihad, ki na tanho hamcun jak sarmojaguzor, balki hamcun jak qarzdihanda dar jak qator loihahoi buzurgi sarmojaguzorī, masalan, dar loihai soxtani maçmūi panelhoi oftobī baroi elektrikunoniji vilojathoi durdast (az soli 2015 amalī karda meşavad). Afzoişi narxi naft dar avoili solhoi 2000-um ba iqtisodi Kamerun sabukie ovard, ammo qarzi buzurgi beruna digar nametavonad hatto bo daromadi naft pardoxta şavad. Dar soli 2006, Kamerun a'zoi Klubi Poris, jak qismi muhimi qarzi Kamerunro az gardan soqit kardaast [8]. Ma'murijati Bijja sathi balandi fasodro tavsif mekunad.

Pol Bijaro ba diktatura, alalxusus muhoçiron az Kameruni sobiqi Anglija ajbdor mekunand. Dar bisjor rūixathoi diktatorhoi muosiri çahon, ū hamroh bo Msvati III, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasoga va Robert Mugabe hamroh ast [9][10]. Hamin tavr, dar rejtingi maçallai Parade baroi soli 2009, ū dar rejtingi badtarin diktatorhoi çahon dar çoi 19-um qaror dorad [11].

7 oktjabri soli 2018, Pol Bija dubora prezident intixob şud va dar intixoboti prezidentī 71,28% ovozhoro ba dast ovard (oppozisijuni nazdiktarinaş Moris Kamto 14,23% ovozhoro ba dast ovard) [12]. Kamto izhor doşt, ki intixobot taqallub şudaast. Dar mohi janvari soli 2019, Kamto dar natiçai e'tirozho alajhi naqzi intixobot bozdoşt va ba muddati 9 moh zindonī şud. Dar avvali mohi oktjabri soli 2019, dodgohi nizomī Moris Kamto va dahho tarafdoroni ūro raho kard. Ba guftai noziron, bo in roh Prezidenti Kamerun Pol Bija mexohad baroi musoliha bo oppozisijun nişon firistad [13].

Ezoh

[viroiş | edit source]
  1. ↑ Entsiklopedija Brokgauz (nem.)
  2. ↑ Munzinger Personen (nem.)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Bijja Polь. Biografija, E-News.com.ua.
  4. ↑ Ekaterina Adamova, Kirill Novikov, Anton Parыgin, Maksim Suxmanskij, Anna Cernikova. Vse mirovыe liderы, Ƶurnal «Vlastь» (1 sentjabri 2003).(pajvandi dastnoras)
  5. ↑ Kto estь kto v mirovoj politike. — M.: Politizdat, 1990. — S. 61. — ISBN 5-250-00513-6.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jonathan C. Randal. Tales of Ex-Leader's Role In Revolt Stun Cameroon(angl.), The Washington Post (15 April 1984).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Elections in Cameroon(angl.), AFRICAN ELECTIONS DATABASE.
  8. ↑ Kusov, Vitalij. Polь Bijja: prezident Kameruna, biografija i pravlenie(rus.), Praviteli Afriki: XXI vek. Provereno 15 Dekabri 2017.
  9. ↑ David Wallechinsky, Tyrants: the World’s 20 Worst Living Dictators, Regan Press, 2006, pp. 286—290
  10. ↑ The World’s Worst Dictators — 2007
  11. ↑ Parade Magazine. « The Worlds 10 Worst Dictators», 22 March 2009
  12. ↑ BFM.ru. Prezident Kameruna pereizbran v sedьmoj raz(rus.), BFM.ru - delovoj portal. Provereno 23 oktjabri 2018.
  13. ↑ [ttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49947652?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/clm1wxp5p5jt/cameroon&link_location=live-reporting-story Cameroon opposition leader Maurice Kamto walks free from jail], BBC, 05.10.2019
Bargirifta az "https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Пол_Бийа&oldid=1407298"